土层厚度对刺槐旱季水分状况和生长的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00025

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

该研究测定了旱季和雨季刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia)林不同土层厚度的土壤含水量, 刺槐的树高、胸径、小枝凌晨水势、叶片碳稳定同位素组成(δ¹³C)、叶面积、比叶重和气体交换指标; 分析了刺槐旱季和雨季的水分状况和土层厚度之间的关系; 通过刺槐对季节性干旱胁迫的反应, 估计华北石质山区不同土层厚度土壤水分对刺槐的承载能力; 并求证近年来该地区刺槐衰败和水分因素的关系。结果显示: 随着土层厚度减小, 旱季土壤含水量下降、凌晨小枝水势降低; 气孔导度和最大光合速率都减小, 而瞬时水分利用效率增加, 雨季上述指标无显著性差异, 旱季土壤含水量只有雨季的60%左右。随着土层变薄, 刺槐叶片δ¹³C增高, 叶面积减小, 比叶重增加; 刺槐树高和胸径减小。以上结果表明: 刺槐在不同季节下的水分状况综合反映土壤的供水能力, 土层浅薄导致土壤水分承载力不足, 致使刺槐在旱季受到较严重的水分胁迫, 这可能是刺槐出现衰败的重要原因。

关键词: 气体交换, 叶片形态, 凌晨水势, 刺槐, 土层厚度, 碳稳定同位素组成(δ¹³C)

Abstract:

Aims Our main purposes were to explore effects of soil thickness on the soil water carrying capacity of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) forests and to investigate the role of soil moisture in causing decline of black locust forests in regions of northern China in recent years.

Methods We measured soil moisture, pre-dawn twig water potential and gas exchange of black locust in the dry season and wet season. We also measured stable carbon isotope ratio (δ¹³C) of leaf, leaf morphology and growth of black locust. Combined with the differential response in the dry season and wet season, we analyzed the relationship between water status of black locust and the soil thickness.

Important findings In the dry season, the twig pre-dawn water potential and soil moisture significantly declined with decreased soil thickness, and the net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance of black locust also decreased. But there were no significant differences in these indexes in the wet season. Average soil moisture in the dry season was only 60% that in the wet season. With decrease in soil thickness, δ¹³C increased, area of leaf decreased and leaf mass per area increased. As a result, tree height and diameter at breast height significantly decreased with decrease in soil thickness. Results revealed that the water status of black locust in the different seasons strongly reflected water supply capacity of the soil, and that thin soil thickness was the main cause for the decline of black locust forests due to low carrying capacity of vegetation caused by inadequate water storage in the dry season.

Key words: gas exchange, leaf morphogenesis, predawn water potential, Robinia pseudoacacia, soil thickness, stable carbon isotope ratio (δ¹³C)

王林, 冯锦霞, 万贤崇. 土层厚度对刺槐旱季水分状况和生长的影响. 植物生态学报, 2013, 37(3): 248-255. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00025

WANG Lin, FENG Jin-Xia, WAN Xian-Chong. Effects of soil thickness on dry-season water relations and growth in Robinia pseudoacacia. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2013, 37(3): 248-255. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00025

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00025

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2013/V37/I3/248

图/表 7

表1 样地土层厚度和林分密度(平均值±标准偏差)

Table 1 Soil thickness and plant density of plots (mean ± SD)

样地 Plot	土层厚度 Soil thickness (cm)	植株密度 Plant density (No.·hm^-2)
R70	70 ± 10	2 250 ± 265
R40	38 ± 3	1 800 ± 200
R25	25 ± 6	2 130 ± 305

图1 不同土层厚度(R70, 70 cm; R40, 40 cm; R25, 25 cm)下刺槐林旱季和雨季的土壤含水量(平均值±标准偏差)。不同小写字母表示差异显著(p = 0.05)。

Fig. 1 Soil moisture of Robinia pseudoacacia forests in different soil thickness (R70, 70 cm; R40, 40 cm; R25, 25 cm) in dry season and wet season (mean ± SD). Different small letters indicate significant difference (p = 0.05).

图2 不同土层厚度(R70, 70 cm; R40, 40 cm; R25, 25 cm)下刺槐旱季和雨季的小枝凌晨水势(平均值±标准偏差)。不同小写字母表示差异显著(p = 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Predawn twig water potential of Robinia pseudoacacia in different soil thickness (R70, 70 cm; R40, 40 cm; R25, 25 cm) in dry season and wet season (mean ± SD). Different small letters indicate significant difference (p = 0.05).

图3 不同土层厚度(R70, 70 cm; R40, 40 cm; R25, 25 cm)下刺槐旱季和雨季的净光合速率(A)、气孔导度(B)、水分利用效率(C) (平均值±标准偏差)。不同小写字母表示差异显著(p = 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Net photosynthetic rate (A), stomatal conductance (B) and water use efficiency (C) of Robinia pseudoacacia in different soil thickness (R70, 70 cm; R40, 40 cm; R25, 25 cm) in dry season and wet season (mean ± SD). Different small letters indicate significant difference (p = 0.05).

图4 不同土层厚度(R70, 70 cm; R40, 40 cm; R25, 25 cm)下刺槐的叶片碳稳定同位素组成(δ13C) (平均值±标准偏差)。不同小写字母表示差异显著(p = 0.05)。

Fig. 4 Leaf stable carbon isotope ratio (δ13C) of Robinia pseudoacacia in different soil thickness (R70, 70 cm; R40, 40 cm; R25, 25 cm) (mean ± SD). Different small letters indicate significant difference (p = 0.05).

图5 不同土层厚度(R70, 70 cm; R40, 40 cm; R25, 25 cm)下刺槐的叶面积(A)和比叶重(B) (平均值±标准偏差)。不同小写字母表示差异显著(p = 0.05)。

Fig. 5 Leaf area (A) and leaf mass per area (B) of Robinia pseudoacacia in different soil thickness (R70, 70 cm; R40, 40 cm; R25, 25 cm) (mean ± SD). Different small letters indicate significant difference (p = 0.05).

图6 不同土层厚度(R70, 70 cm; R40, 40 cm; R25, 25 cm)条件下刺槐的树高(A)和胸径(B) (平均值±标准偏差)。不同小写字母表示差异显著(p = 0.05)。

Fig. 6 Height (A) and diameter at breast height (B) of Robinia pseudoacacia in different soil thickness (R70, 70 cm; R40, 40 cm; R25, 25 cm) (mean ± SD). Different small letters indicate significant difference (p = 0.05).

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