植物生态学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (12): 1176-1187.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0114
出版日期:
2015-12-01
发布日期:
2015-12-31
通讯作者:
陈云明
作者简介:
# 共同第一作者
基金资助:
WU Xu1, CHEN Yun-Ming2,3,*(), TANG Ya-Kun2,3
Online:
2015-12-01
Published:
2015-12-31
Contact:
Yun-Ming CHEN
About author:
# Co-first authors
摘要:
水分供应不足及水热不同步常导致黄土丘陵地区在春末和夏初出现季节性干旱。为阐明该地区主要造林树种的蒸腾耗水特征及其对降水的响应, 使用热扩散式树干茎流计(TDP)于2009年4-10月对黄土丘陵区安塞国家生态试验站刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia)和侧柏(Platycladus orientalis)的树干液流密度(Fd)进行连续观测, 并同步测定了气象、土壤水分等环境因子。结果表明: 刺槐和侧柏在生长季内不同生长时期的Fd均表现为单峰型日变化特征, 刺槐最高液流峰值为0.12068 m3·m-2·h-1, 是侧柏最高液流值(0.03737 m3·m-2·h-1)的3.23倍。除生长旺盛季(7-8月)外, 刺槐和侧柏降水后的Fd明显高于降水前。同时反映水汽压差(VPD)和太阳辐射(Rs)的蒸腾变量(VT)能够很好地模拟Fd, 且两者呈显著的指数正相关关系, 随VT的增加Fd逐渐增大, VT增加到50 kPa (W·m-2)1/2左右时, Fd的变化趋于稳定; 通过对降水前后两个树种水力导度(拟合参数b值)分析, 相对于侧柏, 刺槐更易受降水的影响(p < 0.001)。因此, 可认为刺槐是降水敏感型植物, 而侧柏是降水不敏感型植物。该研究通过分析黄土丘陵区人工林树种对降水的差异性响应, 从树木水分利用方面能够为当地生态恢复过程中人工林的管理提供科学依据。
吴旭, 陈云明, 唐亚坤. 黄土丘陵区刺槐和侧柏人工林树干液流特征及其对降水的响应. 植物生态学报, 2015, 39(12): 1176-1187. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0114
WU Xu,CHEN Yun-Ming,TANG Ya-Kun. Sap flow characteristics and its responses to precipitation in Robinia pseudoacacia and Platycladus orientalis plantations. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2015, 39(12): 1176-1187. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0114
树种 Species | 样木序号 Sample tree No. | 林龄 Stand age (a) | 树高 Tree height (m) | 胸径/地径 DBH/DGH (cm) | 边材厚度 Sapwood width (cm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
刺槐 Robinia pseudoacacia | 1 2 3 4 | 41 41 41 41 | 13.5 13.0 13.0 14.0 | 20.5 17.3 18.0 24.0 | 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.3 |
侧柏 Platycladus orientalis | 1 2 3 4 | 27 27 27 27 | 5.2 5.3 4.0 4.6 | 8.7 9.6 9.5 10.2 | 2.9 3.2 3.1 3.3 |
表1 被测样木基本参数
Table 1 Stand structural characteristics of two plantations
树种 Species | 样木序号 Sample tree No. | 林龄 Stand age (a) | 树高 Tree height (m) | 胸径/地径 DBH/DGH (cm) | 边材厚度 Sapwood width (cm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
刺槐 Robinia pseudoacacia | 1 2 3 4 | 41 41 41 41 | 13.5 13.0 13.0 14.0 | 20.5 17.3 18.0 24.0 | 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.3 |
侧柏 Platycladus orientalis | 1 2 3 4 | 27 27 27 27 | 5.2 5.3 4.0 4.6 | 8.7 9.6 9.5 10.2 | 2.9 3.2 3.1 3.3 |
图1 整个生长季降水量和土壤体积含水量。横坐标上三个矩形方框标注时段为本研究分析的以3次降水事件为时间中心的生长季内不同时期(3次降水事件分别为: 5月27-28日(30 mm)、7月26-27日(7 mm)和9月18-20日(9.2 mm))。土壤体积含水量数据为0-200 cm土层的平均值。
Fig. 1 Changes in precipitation and soil volumetric moisture content in the studied plots during the growing season. The marked time of three rectangular boxes on X-axis are the study periods with the center of three precipitation events during the growing season on May 27 to 28 (30 mm), July 26 to 27 (7 mm) and September18 to 20 (9.2 mm). The soil volumetric moisture content data are averages in the depths of 0-200 cm.
图2 生长季内不同生长时期刺槐(A-C)和侧柏(D-F)样地降水前后土壤体积含水量的变化(平均值±标准误差)。
Fig. 2 Soil volumetric moisture content in the Robinia pseudoacacia (A-C) and Platycladus orientalis (D-F) plantation in pre- and post-precipitation conditions, respectively (mean ± SE).
图3 所选时段刺槐和侧柏样地降水前后太阳辐射(Rs)和日均水汽压差(VPD)的变化。本研究分析的以降水事件为中心的生长季初期、生长旺盛季、生长季末期用虚线隔开。
Fig. 3 Daily sum of solar radiation (Rs) and daytime mean vapor pressure deficit (VPD) in the two plantations measured on pre- and post-precipitation conditions during the selected periods, respectively. The study periods which with the center of three precipitation events in different growth periods were separated with dotted lines.
图4 生长季内不同生长时期降水前后刺槐(A)和侧柏(B)树干液流变化特征。图中生长季初期、生长旺盛季、生长季末期用虚线隔开。
Fig. 4 Changes in sap flow density in Robinia pseudoacacia (A) and Platycladus orientalis (B) measured on pre- and post-precipitation conditions, respectively, during the different growth period. The different growth periods in growing season were separated with dotted lines.
图5 生长季内不同生长时期降水前后刺槐(A)和侧柏(B) 液流峰值频率日变化。
Fig. 5 Frequency of sap flow density (Fd) peak time of Robinia pseudoacacia (A) and Platycladus orientalis (B) measured on pre- and post-precipitation conditions, respectively, during the different growth periods.
图6 生长季内不同生长时期降水前后刺槐(A)和侧柏(B)的液流密度(Fd) (平均值±标准误差)。不同大写字母表示同一时期降水前后差异显著, 不同小写字母表示不同月份降水前或降水后的差异显著(p < 0.05)。
Fig. 6 Sap flow density (Fd) of Robinia pseudoacacia (A) and Platycladus orientalis (B) measured on pre- and post-precipita- tion conditions, respectively, during the different growth periods. Capital letters indicated the significant difference between the pre- and post-precipitation at 0.05 levels, and small letters indicated the significant difference among months in pre- or post-precipitation at 0.05 levels.
图7 生长季内不同生长时期降水前(●)后(○)刺槐(A-C)和侧柏(D-F)液流密度(Fd)和蒸腾变量(VT)的关系。
Fig. 7 The relationship between sap flow density (Fd) and transpiration (VT) of Robinia pseudoacacia (A-C) and Platycladus orientalis (D-F) measured on pre (●) and post-precipitation (○) condition, respectively, during the different growth periods.
树种 Species | 月份 Month | 降水前 Pre-precipitation | 降水后 Post-precipitation | 拟合参数检验 Difference between coefficients |
---|---|---|---|---|
刺槐 Robinia pseudoacacia | 4-6月 Apr.-June | a = 0.07597 b = 0.01751 R2 = 0.93595 p < 0.001 | a = 0.08689 b = 0.02463 R2 = 0.90636 p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 p < 0.001 |
7-8月 July-Aug. | a = 0.10655 b = 0.06804 R2 = 0.85815 p < 0.001 | a = 0.10735 b = 0.07429 R2 = 0.92151 p < 0.001 | p = 0.064 p = 0.064 | |
9-10月 Sept.-Oct. | a = 0.0665 b = 0.08483 R2 = 0.8779 p < 0.001 | a = 0.10192 b = 0.06069 R2 = 0.67764 p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 p < 0.001 | |
侧柏 Platycladus orientalis | 4-6月 Apr.-June | a = 0.01478 b = 0.01808 R2 = 0.27474 p < 0.001 | a = 0.01916 b = 0.02917 R2 =0.39464 p < 0.001 | p < 0.01 p < 0.01 |
7-8月 July-Aug. | a = 0.02437 b = 0.05265 R2 = 0.64406 p < 0.001 | a = 0.02851 b =0.05112 R2 = 0.83689 p < 0.001 | p < 0.05 p < 0.05 | |
9-10月 Sept.-Oct. | a = 0.02438 b = 0.01681 R2 = 0.81975 p < 0.001 | a = 0.03512 b = 0.02075 R2 = 0.57574 p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 p < 0.001 |
表2 生长季内不同生长时期降水前后液流密度(Fd)和蒸腾变量(VT)的拟合结果
Table 2 Sap flow density (Fd) in relation to transpiration (VT) of pre- and post-precipitation days in different growth periods during the growing season
树种 Species | 月份 Month | 降水前 Pre-precipitation | 降水后 Post-precipitation | 拟合参数检验 Difference between coefficients |
---|---|---|---|---|
刺槐 Robinia pseudoacacia | 4-6月 Apr.-June | a = 0.07597 b = 0.01751 R2 = 0.93595 p < 0.001 | a = 0.08689 b = 0.02463 R2 = 0.90636 p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 p < 0.001 |
7-8月 July-Aug. | a = 0.10655 b = 0.06804 R2 = 0.85815 p < 0.001 | a = 0.10735 b = 0.07429 R2 = 0.92151 p < 0.001 | p = 0.064 p = 0.064 | |
9-10月 Sept.-Oct. | a = 0.0665 b = 0.08483 R2 = 0.8779 p < 0.001 | a = 0.10192 b = 0.06069 R2 = 0.67764 p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 p < 0.001 | |
侧柏 Platycladus orientalis | 4-6月 Apr.-June | a = 0.01478 b = 0.01808 R2 = 0.27474 p < 0.001 | a = 0.01916 b = 0.02917 R2 =0.39464 p < 0.001 | p < 0.01 p < 0.01 |
7-8月 July-Aug. | a = 0.02437 b = 0.05265 R2 = 0.64406 p < 0.001 | a = 0.02851 b =0.05112 R2 = 0.83689 p < 0.001 | p < 0.05 p < 0.05 | |
9-10月 Sept.-Oct. | a = 0.02438 b = 0.01681 R2 = 0.81975 p < 0.001 | a = 0.03512 b = 0.02075 R2 = 0.57574 p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 p < 0.001 |
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