根域限制下水氮供应对膜下滴灌棉花根系及叶片衰老特性的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00026

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在新疆的气候生态条件下, 选用北疆2个棉花(Gossypium hirsutum)主栽品种‘新陆早13号’和‘新陆早33号’为供试材料, 设置限根(RR)与对照(CK)处理, 每个处理设置4个水氮水平: 水氮亏缺(W₀N₀)、水分亏缺(W₀N₁)、氮素亏缺(W₁N₀)与水氮适量(W₁N₁), 组成再裂区试验方案。采用管栽方法, 通过人工改变根系垂直生长深度和水氮供应, 在棉花产量形成期测定根系及叶片抗氧化保护酶系活性、生物量累积及分配等, 探讨根域限制及水氮供应对棉花根系生长及叶片衰老的影响机理。结果表明: 根域限制条件下, 棉花根系生物量、根系与叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)与过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、棉株总生物量、根冠比均低于对照, 而地上部生物量与籽棉产量显著高于对照。水氮供应能有效地调节根系及叶片的生长, 不同水氮处理间棉花根系与叶片抗氧化保护酶系活性、叶绿素含量、地上部生物量及籽棉产量均表现为W₁N₁ > W₀N₁ > W₁N₀ > W₀N₀, 根冠比与根系生物量的表现与之相反。根域限制与水氮供应表现出互作优势, 根域限制下适量水氮供应处理的地上部生物量与籽棉产量均明显高于其他处理, 根冠比较低。因此, 在棉花根系生长受限的条件下, 优化生育期间水氮供应, 可以增强根系及叶片的抗氧化保护酶系活性、增加光合产物向地上部的分配比例、增加产量, 是进一步挖掘膜下滴灌棉花增产潜力的有效途径。

关键词: 抗氧化保护酶系活性, 生物量, 棉花, 根域限制, 水氮供应

Abstract:

Aims Our objective was to evaluate the influence of the water and nitrogen treatments on parameters of root and leaf senescence in cotton plants grown under root restriction and with under-mulch drip irrigation.

Methodss Our experimental materials were upland cotton cultivars ‘Xinluzao 13’ and ‘Xinluzao 33’, which are the main cultivars grown in the study region of northern Xinjiang, northwestern China. Treatments consisted of root restriction (RR), unrestricted root system (CK, control) and four levels of water and nitrogen supply: water and nitrogen deficiency (W₀N₀), water deficiency (W₀N₁), nitrogen deficiency (W₁N₀) and moderate supply of water and nitrogen (W₁N₁). The treatments were applied in a split-split plot design. Cotton plants were cultivated in soil columns to control the vertical depth of root growth and to regulate application of water and nitrogen. We measured the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the root and leaf and the accumulation and distribution of biomass at the yield-determining stages (from flowering to the full boll opening stage).

Important findings The root biomass, activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, guaiacol peroxidase and catalase) in the root and leaf, total plant biomass and the root/shoot ratio under root restriction decreased compared with the control. In contrast, aboveground biomass and cotton yield under root restriction were considerably higher than with the control. The supply of water and nitrogen effectively regulated root and leaf growth. With regard to their effects on antioxidant enzyme activity in the root and leaf, SPAD chlorophyll content, aboveground biomass and cotton yield, the water and nitrogen treatments were ranked as W₁N₁ > W₀N₁ > W₁N₀ > W₀N₀. In contrast and with regard to the shoot/root ratio and root biomass, the treatments were ranked as W₀N₀ > W₁N₀ > W₀N₁ > W₁N₁. Consequently, interaction between root restriction and the applied water and nitrogen regime had a marked effect on cotton growth and yield. Root restriction in conjunction with a moderate supply of water and nitrogen was the optimal treatment for aboveground biomass and cotton yield, whereas the root/shoot ratio was lowest in this treatment.

Key words: activity of antioxidant enzyme, biomass, cotton, root restriction, water and nitrogen supply

陶先萍, 罗宏海, 杨海, 丁全盛, 张亚黎, 张旺锋. 根域限制下水氮供应对膜下滴灌棉花根系及叶片衰老特性的影响. 植物生态学报, 2013, 37(3): 256-267. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00026

TAO Xian-Ping, LUO Hong-Hai, YANG Hai, DING Quan-Sheng, ZHANG Ya-Li, ZHANG Wang-Feng. Effects of water and nitrogen supply on parameters of root and leaf senescence in cotton plants grown under root restriction and with under-mulch drip irrigation. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2013, 37(3): 256-267. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00026

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2013/V37/I3/256

图/表 12

图1 试验装置示意图。CK, 对照; RR, 限根。

Fig. 1 Sketch diagram of experimental equipment. CK, control; RR, root restriction.

图2 水氮供应对根域限制棉花根系生物量的影响(平均值±标准偏差)。CK, 对照; RR, 限根; W0N0, 水氮亏缺; W0N1, 水分亏缺; W1N0, 氮素亏缺; W1N1, 水氮适量。不同小写字母表示各处理的差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Effects of water and nitrogen application regimes on root biomass of cotton cultivated under root restriction (mean ± SD). CK, control; RR, root restriction; W0N0, water and nitrogen deficiency; W0N1, water deficiency; W1N0, nitrogen deficiency; W1N1, moderate supply of water and nitrogen. Different small letters indicate significant difference (p < 0.05) among different treatments.

图3 水氮供应对根域限制棉花根系丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响(平均值±标准偏差)。CK, 对照; RR, 限根; W0N0, 水氮亏缺; W0N1, 水分亏缺; W1N0, 氮素亏缺; W1N1, 水氮适量。不同小写字母表示各处理的差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Effects of water and nitrogen application regimes on malondialdehyde (MDA) content in root of cotton cultivated under root restriction (mean ± SD). CK, control; RR, root restriction; W0N0, water and nitrogen deficiency; W0N1, water deficiency; W1N0, nitrogen deficiency; W1N1, moderate supply of water and nitrogen. Different small letters indicate significant difference (p < 0.05) among different treatments.

图4 水氮供应对根域限制棉花根系超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的影响(平均值±标准偏差)。CK, 对照; RR, 限根; W0N0, 水氮亏缺; W0N1, 水分亏缺; W1N0, 氮素亏缺; W1N1, 水氮适量。不同小写字母表示各处理的差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 4 Effects of water and nitrogen application regimes on superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in root of cotton cultivated under root restriction (mean ± SD). CK, control; RR, root restriction; W0N0, water and nitrogen deficiency; W0N1, water deficiency; W1N0, nitrogen deficiency; W1N1, moderate supply of water and nitrogen. Different small letters indicate significant difference (p < 0.05) among different treatments.

图5 水氮供应对根域限制棉花根系过氧化物酶(POD)活性的影响(平均值±标准偏差)。CK, 对照; RR, 限根; W0N0, 水氮亏缺; W0N1, 水分亏缺; W1N0, 氮素亏缺; W1N1, 水氮适量。不同小写字母表示各处理的差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 5 Effects of water and nitrogen application regimes on peroxidase (POD) activities in root of cotton cultivated under root restriction (mean ± SD). CK, control; RR, root restriction; W0N0, water and nitrogen deficiency; W0N1, water deficiency; W1N0, nitrogen deficiency; W1N1, moderate supply of water and nitrogen. Different small letters indicate significant difference (p < 0.05) among different treatments.

图6 水氮供应对根域限制棉花根系过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的影响(平均值±标准偏差)。CK, 对照; RR, 限根; W0N0, 水氮亏缺; W0N1, 水分亏缺; W1N0, 氮素亏缺; W1N1, 水氮适量。不同小写字母表示各处理的差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 6 Effects of water and nitrogen application regimes on catalase (CAT) activities in root of cotton cultivated under root restriction (mean ± SD). CK, control; RR, root restriction; W0N0, water and nitrogen deficiency; W0N1, water deficiency; W1N0, nitrogen deficiency; W1N1, moderate supply of water and nitrogen. Different small letters indicate significant difference (p < 0.05) among different treatments.

图7 水氮供应对根域限制棉花叶片SPAD值的影响(平均值±标准偏差)。CK, 对照; BO, 吐絮期; F, 开花期; FBO, 盛絮期; FF, 盛花期; LFB, 盛铃后期; PFB, 盛铃前期; RR, 限根; W0N0, 水氮亏缺; W0N1, 水分亏缺; W1N0, 氮素亏缺; W1N1, 水氮适量。

Fig. 7 Effects of water and nitrogen application regimes on leaf SPAD value of cotton cultivated under root restriction (mean ± SD). CK, control; BO, boll opening stage; F, flowering stage; FBO, full boll opening stage; FF, full flowering stage; LFB, late full boll stage; PFB, prophase full boll stage; RR, root restriction; W0N0, water and nitrogen deficiency; W0N1, water deficiency; W1N0, nitrogen deficiency; W1N1, moderate supply of water and nitrogen.

图8 水氮供应对根域限制棉花叶片丙二醛含量的影响(平均值±标准偏差)。CK, 对照; BO, 吐絮期; F, 开花期; FBO, 盛絮期; FF, 盛花期; LFB, 盛铃后期; PFB, 盛铃前期; RR, 限根; W0N0, 水氮亏缺; W0N1, 水分亏缺; W1N0, 氮素亏缺; W1N1, 水氮适量。

Fig. 8 Effects of water and nitrogen application regimes on malondialdehyde (MDA) content in leaf of cotton cultivated under root restriction (mean ± SD). CK, control; BO, boll opening stage; F, flowering stage; FBO, full boll opening stage; FF, full flowering stage; LFB, late full boll stage; PFB, prophase full boll stage; RR, root restriction; W0N0, water and nitrogen deficiency; W0N1, water deficiency; W1N0, nitrogen deficiency; W1N1, moderate supply of water and nitrogen.

图9 水氮供应对根域限制棉花叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的影响(平均值±标准偏差)。CK, 对照; BO, 吐絮期; F, 开花期; FBO, 盛絮期; FF, 盛花期; LFB, 盛铃后期; PFB, 盛铃前期; RR, 限根; W0N0, 水氮亏缺; W0N1, 水分亏缺; W1N0, 氮素亏缺; W1N1, 水氮适量。

Fig. 9 Effects of water and nitrogen application regimes on superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in leaf of cotton cultivated under root restriction (mean ± SD). CK, control; BO, boll opening stage; F, flowering stage; FBO, full boll opening stage; FF, full flowering stage; LFB, late full boll stage; PFB, prophase full boll stage; RR, root restriction; W0N0, water and nitrogen deficiency; W0N1, water deficiency; W1N0, nitrogen deficiency; W1N1, moderate supply of water and nitrogen.

图10 水氮供应对根域限制棉花叶片过氧化物酶(POD)活性的影响(平均值±标准偏差)。CK, 对照; BO, 吐絮期; F, 开花期; FBO, 盛絮期; FF, 盛花期; LFB, 盛铃后期; PFB, 盛铃前期; RR, 限根; W0N0, 水氮亏缺; W0N1, 水分亏缺; W1N0, 氮素亏缺; W1N1, 水氮适量。

Fig. 10 Effects of water and nitrogen application regimes on peroxidase (POD) activities in leaf of cotton cultivated under root restriction (mean ± SD). CK, control; BO, boll opening stage; F, flowering stage; FBO, full boll opening stage; FF, full flowering stage; LFB, late full boll stage; PFB, prophase full boll stage; RR, root restriction; W0N0, water and nitrogen deficiency; W0N1, water deficiency; W1N0, nitrogen deficiency; W1N1, moderate supply of water and nitrogen.

图11 水氮供应对根域限制棉花叶片过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的影响(平均值±标准偏差)。CK, 对照; BO, 吐絮期; F, 开花期; FBO, 盛絮期; FF, 盛花期; LFB, 盛铃后期; PFB, 盛铃前期; RR, 限根; W0N0, 水氮亏缺; W0N1, 水分亏缺; W1N0, 氮素亏缺; W1N1, 水氮适量。

Fig. 11 Effects of water and nitrogen application regimes on catalase (CAT) activities in leaf of cotton cultivated under root restriction (mean ± SD). CK, control; BO, boll opening stage; F, flowering stage; FBO, full boll opening stage; FF, full flowering stage; LFB, late full boll stage; PFB, prophase full boll stage; RR, root restriction; W0N0, water and nitrogen deficiency; W0N1, water deficiency; W1N0, nitrogen deficiency; W1N1, moderate supply of water and nitrogen.

表1 水氮供应对根域限制棉花生物量累积与分配的影响(平均值±标准偏差)

Table 1 Effects of water and nitrogen application regimes on accumulation and distribution of biomass of cotton cultivated under root restriction (mean ± SD)

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	地上部分生物量 Shoot biomass (g)	总生物量 Total biomass (g)	根冠比 Root/shoot	籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield (g·m^-2)
‘新陆早13号’ ‘Xinluzao 13’	RRW₀N₀	59.41 ± 5.34^e	91.44 ± 6.24^e	0.54 ± 0.02^b	192.5 ± 1.1^g
	RRW₀N₁	86.06 ± 7.86^b	104.77 ± 5.74^c	0.22 ± 0.01^g	354.1 ± 3.5^c
	RRW₁N₀	69.38 ± 6.39^d	101.84 ± 4.47^d	0.47 ± 0.01^d	299.4 ± 2.2^e
	RRW₁N₁	94.08 ± 8.04^a	113.96 ± 5.77^b	0.21 ± 0.00^g	453.9 ± 4.1^a
	CKW₀N₀	57.29 ± 4.79^f	92.69 ± 6.85^e	0.62 ± 0.03^a	141.8 ± 1.3^h
	CKW₀N₁	77.54 ± 6.47^c	105.66 ± 5.52^c	0.36 ± 0.01^e	330.0 ± 2.2^d
	CKW₁N₀	68.38 ± 5.83^d	102.30 ± 5.70^d	0.50 ± 0.02^c	276.2 ± 1.1^f
	CKW₁N₁	92.04 ± 9.03^a	115.71 ± 5.79^a	0.26 ± 0.01^f	411.8 ± 6.8^b
‘新陆早33号’ ‘Xinluzao 33’	RRW₀N₀	65.79 ± 5.96^g	100.36 ± 6.89^e	0.53 ± 0.02^b	205.5 ± 1.4^g
	RRW₀N₁	96.18 ± 8.16^c	107.02 ± 5.10^c	0.11 ± 0.01^f	448.9 ± 1.1^c
	RRW₁N₀	84.06 ± 7.08^d	103.83 ± 5.15^d	0.24 ± 0.01^e	420.1 ± 6.4^d
	RRW₁N₁	115.45 ± 9.14^a	120.19 ± 6.77^b	0.04 ± 0.00^h	881.8 ± 21.6^a
	CKW₀N₀	60.30 ± 5.63^h	101.67 ± 6.81^e	0.69 ± 0.03^a	196.5 ± 1.8^g
	CKW₀N₁	79.72 ± 7.02^e	108.06 ± 5.24^c	0.36 ± 0.02^d	402.4 ± 2.4^e
	CKW₁N₀	73.38 ± 6.83^f	103.98 ± 5.94^d	0.42 ± 0.02^c	325.0 ± 7.8^f
	CKW₁N₁	113.77 ± 8.77^b	122.07 ± 6.60^a	0.07 ± 0.00^g	642.7 ± 13.5^b

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