有机肥和无机肥对退化草原羊草种群密度和个体生物量的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2024.0148

植物生态学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (1): 148-158.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0148 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2024.0148

有机肥和无机肥对退化草原羊草种群密度和个体生物量的影响

郝毅晴¹^,², 刘伟¹^,^*(), 杨阳¹^,², 安冰儿¹^,², 范冰³, 李超⁴, 崔久辉³, 程延彬³, 孙佳美¹, 潘庆民¹^,²^,^*()

¹中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室, 国家植物园, 北京 100093
²中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
³内蒙古呼伦贝尔农垦集团, 海拉尔, 内蒙古 021000
⁴内蒙古锡林郭勒盟林业和草原资源中心, 锡林浩特, 内蒙古 026000

收稿日期:2024-05-09 接受日期:2024-11-12 出版日期:2025-01-20 发布日期:2025-03-08
通讯作者: * (刘伟, lw076@ibcas.ac.cn;
潘庆民, pqm@ibcas.ac.cn)
基金资助:
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)(XDA26020101);国家重点研发计划(2022YFF1302100);国家自然科学基金(32230069);内蒙古自治区科技成果转化专项资金项目(2020CG0124)

Effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on density and individual biomass of Leymus chinensis in degraded grasslands

HAO Yi-Qing¹^,², LIU Wei¹^,^*(), YANG Yang¹^,², AN Bing-Er¹^,², FAN Bing³, LI Chao⁴, CUI Jiu-Hui³, CHENG Yan-Bin³, SUN Jia-Mei¹, PAN Qing-Min¹^,²^,^*()

¹State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
²University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
³Inner Mongolia Hulun Buir State Farm, Hailar, Nei Mongol 021000, China
⁴Forestry and Grassland Resources Center of Xilin Gol League, Inner Mongolia, Xilinhot, Nei Mongol 026000, China

Received:2024-05-09 Accepted:2024-11-12 Online:2025-01-20 Published:2025-03-08
Supported by:
Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA26020101);National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFF1302100);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32230069);Nei Mongol Autonomous Region Science and Technology Achievement Transformation Special Fund Project(2020CG0124)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

羊草(Leymus chinensis)草原是中国北方温带草原具代表性的植物群落类型。过度放牧导致羊草种群在群落中的比例大幅度降低。施用有机肥或无机肥可以显著促进羊草种群的恢复, 但其背后的机制迄今尚不清楚。该研究以呼伦贝尔退化羊草草原为对象, 探讨了相同的氮、磷添加水平下, 有机肥和无机肥对植物群落、羊草种群和个体的影响。结果表明: 在植物群落水平, 有机肥和无机肥添加均显著提高了群落地上生物量(2021-2023年), 且有机肥的增产效果显著大于无机肥, 但是, 第2年和第3年, 有机肥处理显著降低了植物物种多样性。在羊草种群水平, 施用有机肥和无机肥均显著提高了羊草种群地上生物量以及羊草在群落中的比例, 且有机肥处理效果优于无机肥。在处理第3年, 无机肥和有机肥处理羊草种群密度分别比对照提高了1.79和8.89倍。在羊草个体水平, 无机肥和有机肥处理的第3年, 羊草个体生物量分别比对照增加了85.3%和69.1%。羊草种群密度可解释其种群生物量变化的81.8%, 而个体生物量只能解释6.2%。以上结果表明, 施用无机肥或有机肥促进羊草种群优势地位的恢复主要是通过密度调节进行的。

关键词: 退化草地恢复, 群落生物量, 物种多样性, 密度调节, 个体生物量调节

Abstract:

Aims Leymus chinensis grassland is one of the most representative vegetation types in northern temperate grassland of China. Overgrazing causes great decline in the proportion of L. chinensis biomass to community biomass. Application of organic and inorganic fertilizers can significantly promote the recovery of L. chinensis population, but the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood.

Methods In a degraded L. chinensis grassland in Hulun Buir, the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on plant community, L. chinensis populations and individuals were explored with the same amount of nitrogen (10 g·m^-2·a^-1) and phosphorus (3 g·m^-2·a^-1) application.

Important findings At the plant community level, the application of organic and inorganic fertilizers both consistently and significantly increased above-ground biomass in all three years (2021-2023), with the higher biomass under organic fertilizer application. While the application of organic fertilizer significantly reduced the species richness in the second and third year at community level. At the population level, both organic and inorganic fertilizers significantly increased the aboveground biomass of L. chinensis and its proportion in community-level biomass, with higher values under organic fertilizer application. In the third year, the density of L. chinensis with inorganic and organic fertilizer treatments significantly increased by 1.79 and 8.89 times, respectively. At the individual level, the biomass of L. chinensis with inorganic and organic fertilizer treatments significantly increased by 85.3% and 69.1%, respectively. Variance partition analysis suggested that the population density and individual biomass respectively explained 81.8% and 6.2% of the variation in population biomass of L. chinensis. Our results suggested that the application of organic or inorganic fertilizer can promote the restoration of degraded L. chinensis grassland. The increase in population density rather than individual biomass of L. chinensis is the predominant mechanism for its population recovery.

Key words: restoration of degraded grasslands, community biomass, species richness, density-dependent regulation, individual biomass-dependent regulation

郝毅晴, 刘伟, 杨阳, 安冰儿, 范冰, 李超, 崔久辉, 程延彬, 孙佳美, 潘庆民. 有机肥和无机肥对退化草原羊草种群密度和个体生物量的影响. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(1): 148-158. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0148

HAO Yi-Qing, LIU Wei, YANG Yang, AN Bing-Er, FAN Bing, LI Chao, CUI Jiu-Hui, CHENG Yan-Bin, SUN Jia-Mei, PAN Qing-Min. Effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on density and individual biomass of Leymus chinensis in degraded grasslands. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2025, 49(1): 148-158. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0148

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2024.0148

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2025/V49/I1/148

图/表 6

图1 无机肥(IN)和有机肥(ON)添加对呼伦贝尔退化草原群落地上生物量的影响(2021-2023年) (平均值±标准误, n = 6)。CK, 对照。不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 1 Effects of inorganic (IN) and organic (ON) fertilization on community aboveground biomass of a degraded grassland in Hulun Buir (2021-2023) (mean ± SE, n = 6). CK, control. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments (p < 0.05).

图2 无机肥(IN)和有机肥(ON)添加对呼伦贝尔退化草原群落物种丰富度的影响(2021-2023年) (平均值±标准误, n = 6)。CK, 对照。不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(p < 0.05), ns代表处理间差异不显著(p > 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Effects of inorganic (IN) and organic (ON) fertilization on species richness of a degraded grassland in Hulun Buir (2021-2023) (mean ± SE, n = 6). CK, control. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments (p < 0.05), ns represents non-significant difference among treatments (p > 0.05).

图3 无机肥(IN)和有机肥(ON)添加对羊草种群地上生物量及其在群落地上生物量占比的影响(2021-2023年) (平均值±标准误, n = 6)。CK, 对照。不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Effects of inorganic (IN) and organic (ON) fertilization on aboveground biomass of Leymus chinensis and its proportion in community aboveground biomass (2021-2023) (mean ± SE, n = 6). CK, control. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments (p < 0.05).

图4 无机肥(IN)和有机肥(ON)添加对羊草种群密度和羊草个体生物量的影响(2021-2023年) (平均值±标准误, n = 6)。CK, 对照。不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 4 Effects of inorganic (IN) and organic (ON) fertilization on population density and individual biomass of Leymus chinensis (2021-2023) (mean ± SE, n = 6). CK, control. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments (p < 0.05).

图5 羊草种群密度和个体生物量对羊草种群地上生物量变异的贡献(2021-2023年)。

Fig. 5 Contributions of population density and individual biomass of Leymus chinensis to variation of its aboveground population biomass (2021-2023).

图6 土壤无机氮含量、pH与羊草种群密度、个体生物量的相关性(2022年)。实线和阴影表示具有95%置信区间的回归线。图中显示了两变量间的统计值(R2和显著性水平)和线性回归方程。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001。

Fig. 6 Correlation between soil inorganic nitrogen content, pH and population density and individual biomass of Leymus chinensis (2022). The lines and shades represent the regression lines with 95% confidence intervals. Statistics (R2 and p values) and the equations for the linear regression are shown. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.

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有机肥和无机肥对退化草原羊草种群密度和个体生物量的影响

Effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on density and individual biomass of Leymus chinensis in degraded grasslands

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