微生物菌肥与氮磷肥回补对退化高寒草甸土壤理化性质和酶活性的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2024.0208

植物生态学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (1): 159-172.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0208 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2024.0208

微生物菌肥与氮磷肥回补对退化高寒草甸土壤理化性质和酶活性的影响

徐嘉昕¹, 肖元明²^,³, 王小赟⁴, 王雯莹¹, 马玉花¹, 李强峰¹, 周国英²^,³^,^*()()

¹青海大学农牧学院, 西宁 810016
²中国科学院西北高原生物研究所, 西宁 810008
³中国科学院藏药研究重点实验室, 西宁 810008
⁴青海大学畜牧兽医科学院, 西宁 810016

收稿日期:2024-06-28 接受日期:2024-12-24 出版日期:2025-01-20 发布日期:2025-03-08
通讯作者: * 周国英: ORCID: 0000-0003-2485-6172 (zhougy@nwipb.cas.cn)
基金资助:
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)(XDA26020201);青海省自然科学基金(2023-ZJ-902T)

Effects of microbial fertilizer and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer backfilling on soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities in degraded alpine meadows

XU Jia-Xin¹, XIAO Yuan-Ming²^,³, WANG Xiao-Yun⁴, WANG Wen-Ying¹, MA Yu-Hua¹, LI Qiang-Feng¹, ZHOU Guo-Ying²^,³^,^*()()

¹College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
²Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
³Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
⁴Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China

Received:2024-06-28 Accepted:2024-12-24 Online:2025-01-20 Published:2025-03-08
Supported by:
Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA26020201);Natural Science Foundation of Qinghai Province(2023-ZJ-902T)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤质量下降是中度退化高寒草甸恢复的一个关键性限制原因, 同时, 不合理的氮磷肥施用对青藏高原生物多样性具有显著的负效应。然而, 目前针对青藏高原中度退化高寒草甸土壤质量提升技术仍缺乏系统研究。因此, 该研究以青藏高原中度退化高寒草甸为研究对象, 在氮磷肥配施耦合微生物菌肥的处理下, 对不同处理的植物群落特征、土壤理化性质及酶活性进行了研究, 以探究最佳的中度退化高寒草甸土壤质量提升技术。结果表明, 氮磷肥和微生物菌肥对土壤pH、酸性磷酸酶活性无显著影响, 但均显著提高了地上生物量, 并对土壤养分相关指标、电导率、碳氮磷循环相关酶活性的影响存在显著的交互作用。综合分析可知, 施用氮磷肥和微生物菌肥均对中度退化高寒草甸有明显的恢复作用, 微生物菌肥施用可改善土壤多功能性, 而氮磷肥配施微生物菌肥的处理效果优于单施氮磷肥。在配施微生物菌肥225 kg·hm^-2的处理下, 45 kg·hm^-2氮添加量配施20 kg·hm^-2磷添加量的处理作用最佳。该研究结果为促进青藏高原中度退化的高寒退化草甸修复, 改善生态系统服务功能提供科学依据。

关键词: 土壤肥力, 酶活性, 土壤多功能性, 微生物菌肥, 高寒草甸

Abstract:

Aims Declining soil quality is one of the key limiting factors for recovery in moderately degraded alpine meadows. Furthermore, the irrational application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers has a significant negative effect on the biodiversity of the Qingzang Plateau. However, there have been limited studies on the soil quality improvement techniques for moderately degraded alpine meadows on the Qingzang Plateau from a systematic perspective. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers and microbial fertilizers on soil chemical properties and enzyme activities in moderately degraded alpine meadows.

Methods This study investigated the plant community characteristics, soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities of different treatments under different treatments, including nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers coupled with microbial fertilizers, in moderately degraded alpine meadows on the Qingzang Plateau.

Important findings The results indicated that both nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, when coupled with microbial fertilizers, significantly increased aboveground biomass. A significant interaction was observed in the effects on soil nutrient-related indexes, conductivity, and enzyme activities associated with carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycling. Overall, the application of both nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, in combination with microbial fertilizers, demonstrated clear restoration effects on moderately degraded alpine meadows. Microbial fungal fertilizers were found to enhance soil multifunctionality, and the combination of nitrogen, phosphorus, and microbial fertilizers yielded better results than the application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers alone. The optimal physiological response was observed with the application of 45 kg·hm^-2nitrogen, 20 kg·hm^-2 phosphorus, and 225 kg·hm^-2microbial fertilizers. These findings provide a scientific basis for promoting the restoration of moderately degraded alpine degraded meadows on the Qingzang Plateau and enhancing ecosystem service functions.

Key words: soil fertility, enzyme activity, soil versatility, microbial fertilizer, alpine meadow

徐嘉昕, 肖元明, 王小赟, 王雯莹, 马玉花, 李强峰, 周国英. 微生物菌肥与氮磷肥回补对退化高寒草甸土壤理化性质和酶活性的影响. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(1): 159-172. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0208

XU Jia-Xin, XIAO Yuan-Ming, WANG Xiao-Yun, WANG Wen-Ying, MA Yu-Hua, LI Qiang-Feng, ZHOU Guo-Ying. Effects of microbial fertilizer and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer backfilling on soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities in degraded alpine meadows. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2025, 49(1): 159-172. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0208

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2024.0208

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2025/V49/I1/159

图/表 6

表1 中度退化高寒草甸氮磷配施比例和微生物肥料梯度基本信息

Table 1 Basic information on nitrogen-to-phosphorus application ratio and microbial fertilizer gradient in moderately degraded alpine meadows

序号 No.	处理 Treatment (N+P)	序号 No.	处理 Treatment (N+P+M)
1	N0P0	2	N0P0+M
3	N0P1	4	N0P1+M
5	N0P2	6	N0P2+M
7	N1P1	8	N1P1+M
9	N1P2	10	N1P2+M
11	N2P1	12	N2P1+M
13	N2P2	14	N2P2+M
15	N1P0	16	N1P0+M
17	N2P0	18	N2P0+M

图1 青藏高原中度退化高寒草甸不同施肥处理下生物量变化(平均值±标准误)。不同小写字母表示各项指标在不同施肥处理之间的差异显著(p < 0.05)。N0, 氮添加(0 kg·hm-2); N1, 氮添加(45 kg·hm-2); N2, 氮添加(90 kg·hm-2); P0, 磷添加(0 kg·hm-2); P1, 磷添加(20 kg·hm-2); P2, 磷添加(40 kg·hm-2)。

Fig. 1 Changes of biomass in moderately degraded alpine meadows of the Qingzang Plateau under different fertilization treatments (mean ± SE). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between fertilizer treatments (p < 0.05). N0, nitrogen addition (0 kg·hm-2); N1, nitrogen addition (45 kg·hm-2); N2, nitrogen addition (90 kg·hm-2); P0, phosphorus addition (0 kg·hm-2); P1, phosphorus addition (20 kg·hm-2); P2, phosphorus addition (40 kg·hm-2).

图2 青藏高原中度退化高寒草甸不同施肥处理下物种多样性的变化(平均值±标准误)。不同小写字母表示各项指标在不同施肥处理之间的差异显著(p < 0.05); ns, p > 0.05。N0, 氮添加(0 kg·hm-2); N1, 氮添加(45 kg·hm-2); N2, 氮添加(90 kg·hm-2); P0, 磷添加(0 kg·hm-2); P1, 磷添加(20 kg·hm-2); P2, 磷添加(40 kg·hm-2)。

Fig. 2 Changes of species diversity in moderately degraded alpine meadows of the Qingzang Plateau under different fertilization treatments (mean ± SE). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between fertilizer treatments (p < 0.05); ns, p > 0.05. N0, nitrogen addition (0 kg·hm-2); N1, nitrogen addition (45 kg·hm-2); N2, nitrogen addition (90 kg·hm-2); P0, phosphorus addition (0 kg·hm-2); P1, phosphorus addition (20 kg·hm-2); P2, phosphorus addition (40 kg·hm-2).

图3 青藏高原中度退化高寒草甸不同施肥处理下土壤0-30 cm理化性质的变化(平均值±标准误)。不同小写字母表示各项指标在不同施肥处理之间的差异显著(p < 0.05); ns, p > 0.05。N0, 氮添加N0 (0 kg·hm-2); N1, 氮添加(45 kg·hm-2); N2, 氮添加(90 kg·hm-2); P0, 磷添加(0 kg·hm-2); P1, 磷添加(20 kg·hm-2); P2, 磷添加(40 kg·hm-2)。

Fig. 3 Changes of physical and chemical properties of soil 0-30 cm under in moderately degraded alpine meadows of the Qingzang Plateau under different fertilization treatments (mean ± SE). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between fertilizer treatments (p < 0.05); ns, p > 0.05. N0, nitrogen addition (0 kg·hm-2); N1, nitrogen addition (45 kg·hm-2); N2, nitrogen addition (90 kg·hm-2); P0, phosphorus addition (0 kg·hm-2); P1, phosphorus addition (20 kg·hm-2); P2, phosphorus addition (40 kg·hm-2).

图4 青藏高原中度退化高寒草甸不同施肥处理下土壤酶活性的变化(平均值±标准误)。不同小写字母表示各项指标在不同施肥处理之间的差异显著(p < 0.05); ns, p > 0.05。N0, 氮添加(0 kg·hm-2); N1, 氮添加(45 kg·hm-2); N2, 氮添加(90 kg·hm-2); P0, 磷添加(0 kg·hm-2); P1, 磷添加(20 kg·hm-2); P2, 磷添加(40 kg·hm-2)。

Fig. 4 Changes of soil enzyme activity in moderately degraded alpine meadows of the Qingzang Plateau under different fertilization treatments (mean ± SE). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between fertilizer treatments (p < 0.05); ns, p > 0.05. N0, nitrogen addition (0 kg·hm-2); N1, nitrogen addition (45 kg·hm-2); N2, nitrogen addition (90 kg·hm-2); P0, phosphorus addition (0 kg·hm-2); P1, phosphorus addition (20 kg·hm-2); P2, phosphorus addition (40 kg·hm-2).

图5 不同施肥处理对青藏高原土壤多功能性的影响(平均值±标准误)。不同小写字母表示各项指标在不同施肥处理之间的差异显著(p < 0.05)。N0, 氮添加(0 kg·hm-2); N1, 氮添加(45 kg·hm-2); N2, 氮添加(90 kg·hm-2); P0, 磷添加(0 kg·hm-2); P1, 磷添加(20 kg·hm-2); P2, 磷添加(40 kg·hm-2)。

Fig. 5 Effect of different fertilization treatments on soil multifunctionality of the Qingzang Plateau (mean ± SE). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences of the indicators among different fertilizer treatments (p < 0.05). N0, nitrogen (N) addition (0 kg·hm-2); N1, nitrogen addition (45 kg·hm-2); N2, nitrogen addition (90 kg·hm-2); P0, phosphorus (P) addition (0 kg·hm-2); P1, phosphorus addition (20 kg·hm-2); P2, phosphorus addition (40 kg·hm-2).

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微生物菌肥与氮磷肥回补对退化高寒草甸土壤理化性质和酶活性的影响

Effects of microbial fertilizer and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer backfilling on soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities in degraded alpine meadows

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