退化程度对高寒草甸不同优势植物根系形态性状和生物量的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2024.0019

植物生态学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (12): 1666-1682.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0019 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2024.0019

退化程度对高寒草甸不同优势植物根系形态性状和生物量的影响

刘位会¹, 宋小艳¹, 才仁多杰², 丁路明¹, 王长庭¹^,^*()

¹青藏高原高寒草地生态保护与利用四川林业草原重点实验室, 西南民族大学草地资源学院, 青藏高原研究院, 成都 610041
²澜沧江源园区国家公园管理委员会, 西宁 810003

收稿日期:2024-01-23 接受日期:2024-09-28 出版日期:2024-12-20 发布日期:2024-12-20
通讯作者: *王长庭(wangct@swun.edu.cn)
基金资助:
第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(2019QZKK0302-02);国家自然科学基金(U20A2008);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(ZYN2023083)

Effects of degradation degree on the root morphological traits and biomass of dominant plant species in alpine meadows

LIU Wei-Hui¹, SONG Xiao-Yan¹, CAIRENDUOJIE ², DING Lu-Ming¹, WANG Chang-Ting¹^,^*()

¹Sichuan Provincial Forest and Grassland Key Laboratory of Alpine Grassland Conservation and Utilization of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Research, College of Grassland Resources, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
²Administrative Committee of Lancang River Source National Park, Xining 810003, China

Received:2024-01-23 Accepted:2024-09-28 Online:2024-12-20 Published:2024-12-20
Contact: *WANG Chang-Ting(wangct@swun.edu.cn)
Supported by:
Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program (STEP)(2019QZKK0302-02);National Natural Science Foundation of China(U20A2008);Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(ZYN2023083)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 了解高寒草甸植物根系形态性状和生物量分配对退化生境的适应性策略, 有助于探索植物根系形态可塑性机制与生物量分配的协同关系, 对深入了解退化高寒草甸植物的生境耐逆性策略具有重要意义。该研究以不同退化程度(未退化、轻度、中度和重度退化)高寒草甸为研究对象, 分析了禾本科(草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)和垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans))、莎草科(矮生嵩草(Carex alatauensis)和青藏薹草(Carex moorcroftii))和杂类草(草玉梅(Anemone rivularis)和钝苞雪莲(Saussurea nigrescens))的生物量、根系形态性状以及生物量与根系形态性状之间的关联性。结果表明: 1)与其他物种相比, 矮生嵩草地上生物量在中度退化下降幅最大(71.44%), 根冠比在轻度退化下增幅最大(216.92%)。草地早熟禾和草玉梅地上和地下生物量在中度退化下增加, 根冠比随退化程度增加无显著变化。草玉梅相对地上生物量和垂穗披碱草相对地下生物量在重度退化下增幅最大(384.90%和299.57%)。2)重度退化下矮生嵩草的总根长降幅最大(72.81%), 青藏薹草总根长在轻度退化下增幅最大(14.81%); 退化增加了草地早熟禾、矮生嵩草、青藏薹草和草玉梅的根平均直径, 降低了其比根长。草地早熟禾、垂穗披碱草、矮生嵩草、草玉梅和钝苞雪莲根尖数和分叉数随退化程度增加而降低。3)草地早熟禾相对地下生物量与根尖数显著相关。垂穗披碱草和矮生嵩草相对地下生物量取决于总根长和分叉数。青藏薹草相对地上生物量与总根表面积显著相关, 相对地下生物量取决于根体积和比根长。草玉梅和钝苞雪莲相对地上生物量与总根长显著相关, 相对地下生物量取决于比根长的变化。总之, 不同优势植物通过调整其生物量分配和根系形态特征来适应退化引起的土壤微环境, 且这种适应性策略在不同物种间是不同的, 体现了高寒草甸植物对逆境响应策略的多样性。

关键词: 高寒草甸, 退化, 地上生物量, 地下生物量, 根系形态性状, 优势种

Abstract:

Aims Understanding the adaptive strategies of plant root morphological traits and biomass allocation in alpine meadows under degradation is crucial for exploring the synergistic relationship between root morphological plasticity and biomass distribution. This knowledge is essential for deepening our insight into the stress tolerance strategies of plants in degraded alpine meadows.

Methods In this study, we investigated the aboveground and belowground biomass, root morphological traits, and their interrelationships in grasses (Poa pratensis and Elymus nutans), sedges (Carex alatauensis and C. moorcroftii), and forbs (Anemone rivularis and Saussurea nigrescens) across alpine meadows with varying degrees of degradation (nondegraded, lightly degraded, moderately degraded, and severely degraded).

Important findings The results show that: 1) Carex alatauensis exhibited the greatest reduction in aboveground biomass under moderate degradation (71.44%) while its root-to-shoot ratio increased the most under light degradation (216.92%) among all species examined. Both Poa pratensis and Anemone rivularis showed increased aboveground and belowground biomass under moderate degradation, and their root-to-shoot ratios showed no significant change with increasing degradation. The relative abundance of aboveground biomass in Anemone rivularis and the relative abundance of belowground biomass in Elymus nutans increased the most under severe degradation (384.90% and 299.57%, respectively). 2) Carex alatauensis showed the greatest decrease in total root length under severe degradation (72.81%), whereas Carex moorcroftii had the greatest increase in total root length under light degradation (14.81%). Degradation increased the average root diameter of Poa pratensis, Carex alatauensis, Carex moorcroftii, and Anemone rivularis while recuding their specific root length. The number of root tips and branching in Poa pratensis, Elymus nutans, Carex alatauensis, Anemone rivularis and Saussurea nigrescens decreased as degradation intensified. 3) The relative abundance of Poa pratensis belowground biomass was significantly correlated with the number of root tips. The relative abundance of belowground biomass in both Elymus nutans and Carex alatauensis depended on the total root length and the number of branching. For Carex moorcroftii, the relative abundance of aboveground biomass was mainly correlated with total root surface area, while the relative abundance of belowground biomass depended on root volume and specific root length. The relative abundance of aboveground biomass in both Anemone rivularis and Saussurea nigrescens was significantly associated with total root length, while their relative abundance of belowground biomass was influenced by specific root length. In conclusion, different dominant plant species adapt to the soil microenvironments caused by degradation by adjusting their biomass allocation and root morphological traits, and these adaptive strategies vary among species, reflecting the diversity of stress tolerance strategies in alpine meadow plants.

Key words: alpine meadow, degradation, aboveground biomass, belowground biomass, root morphological traits, dominant species

刘位会, 宋小艳, 才仁多杰, 丁路明, 王长庭. 退化程度对高寒草甸不同优势植物根系形态性状和生物量的影响. 植物生态学报, 2024, 48(12): 1666-1682. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0019

LIU Wei-Hui, SONG Xiao-Yan, CAIRENDUOJIE , DING Lu-Ming, WANG Chang-Ting. Effects of degradation degree on the root morphological traits and biomass of dominant plant species in alpine meadows. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2024, 48(12): 1666-1682. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0019

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2024.0019

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2024/V48/I12/1666

图/表 8

表1 青藏高原不同退化程度高寒草甸植被特征(平均值±标准误)

Table 1 Vegetation characteristics of alpine meadow at varying degrees of degradation on the Qingzang Plateau (mean ± SE)

退化梯度 Degradation degree	群落盖度 Coverage (%)	平均高度 Average height (cm)	地上生物量 Aboveground biomass (g·m^-2)	地下生物量 Belowground biomass (g·m^-2)	物种丰富度 Species richness
未退化 ND	0.87 ± 0.01^a	31.00 ± 2.33^a	457.93 ± 68.18^a	519.96 ± 69.59^ab	20.80 ± 0.63^a
轻度退化 LD	0.76 ± 0.01^b	14.17 ± 1.42^b	364.56 ± 93.09^ab	627.41 ± 113.33^ab	19.27 ± 0.50^ab
中度退化 MD	0.65 ± 0.01^c	16.63 ± 4.10^b	206.25 ± 23.78^b	908.18 ± 192.67^a	16.40 ± 0.05^c
重度退化 SD	0.62 ± 0.01^c	3.26 ± 0.24^c	127.04 ± 9.06^b	248.42 ± 35.03^b	17.43 ± 0.73^bc

表2 青藏高原不同退化程度高寒草甸优势植物生物量占各功能群的比例(平均值±标准误)

Table 2 Proportion of dominant plant biomass of each functional group of alpine meadow at varying degrees of degradation on the Qingzang Plateau (mean ± SE)

退化梯度 Degradation degree	禾本科 Poaceae		莎草科 Cyperaceae		杂类草 Forb
退化梯度 Degradation degree	草地早熟禾 Poa pratensis (%)	垂穗披碱草 Elymus nutans (%)	矮生嵩草 Carex alatauensis (%)	青藏薹草 Carex moorcroftii (%)	草玉梅 Anemone rivularis (%)	钝苞雪莲 Saussurea nigrescens (%)
未退化 ND	20.85 ± 2.89^a	31.00 ± 1.44^a	24.73 ± 1.21^c	61.02 ± 0.71^a	32.63 ± 1.05^ab	26.69 ± 1.79^a
轻度退化 LD	12.45 ± 8.68^ab	21.13 ± 0.27^b	46.96 ± 1.35^b	30.57 ± 0.88^b	34.91 ± 0.73^a	13.26 ± 0.56^b
中度退化 MD	8.90 ± 1.70^b	10.56 ± 1.77^c	58.65 ± 2.61^a	23.68 ± 2.96^b	26.38 ± 1.96^b	25.71 ± 1.67^a
重度退化 SD	14.62 ± 1.68^ab	21.28 ± 3.03^b	46.63 ± 0.87^b	28.04 ± 4.72^b	25.43 ±3.69^b	26.96± 3.19^a

图1 青藏高原高寒草甸不同退化程度对土壤理化性质的影响(平均值±标准误, n = 3)。不同小写字母表示不同退化程度间差异显著(p < 0.05)。LD, 轻度退化; MD, 中度退化; ND, 未退化; SD, 重度退化。

Fig. 1 Effects of degradation degree on soil physicochemical properties in alpine meadows on the Qingzang Plateau (mean ± SE, n = 3). Different lowercase letters represent significant differences among different degradation degrees (p < 0.05). LD, light degradation; MD, moderate degradation; ND, non-degradation; SD, severe degradation.

图2 青藏高原高寒草甸优势植物的地上、地下生物量和根冠比对不同退化程度的响应(平均值± 95%置信区间)。AGB, 地上生物量; BGB, 地下生物量; RAGB, 相对地上生物量; RBGB, 相对地下生物量; RSR, 根冠比。LD, 轻度退化; MD, 中度退化; SD, 重度退化。RR, 响应比。

Fig. 2 Responses of aboveground and belowground biomass and root-to-shoot ratios of alpine meadow dominant species to different degradation degrees on the Qingzang Plateau (mean ± 95% CI). AGB, aboveground biomass; BGB, belowground biomass; RAGB, relative abundance of aboveground biomass; RBGB, relative abundance of belowground biomass; RSR, root-shoot ratio. LD, light degradation; MD, moderate degradation; SD, severe degradation. RR, response ratio.

图3 青藏高原高寒草甸优势植物根系形态性状对不同退化程度的响应(平均值± 95%置信区间)。Forks, 分叉数; RAD, 根平均直径; RSA, 总根表面积; RV, 根系体积; SRL, 比根长; Tips, 根尖数; TRL, 总根长。LD, 轻度退化; MD, 中度退化; SD, 重度退化。RR, 响应比。

Fig. 3 Responses of root morphological traits of alpine meadow dominant species to different degradation degrees on the Qingzang Plateau (mean ± 95% CI). Forks, number of forks; RAD, root average diameter; RSA, root surface area; RV, root volume; SRL, specific root length; Tips, root tips; TRL, total root length. LD, light degradation; MD, moderate degradation; SD, severe degradation. RR, response ratio.

图4 青藏高原高寒草甸优势植物根系形态性状和生物量与环境因子之间的关系。AGB, 地上生物量; BGB, 地下生物量; BD, 土壤密度; Forks, 分叉数; RAD, 根平均直径; RAGB, 相对地上生物量; RBGB, 相对地下生物量; RSA, 根表面积; RSR, 根冠比; RV, 根体积; SAN, 土壤铵态氮含量; SNN, 土壤硝态氮含量; SOC, 土壤有机碳含量; SRL, 比根长; STN, 土壤全氮含量; STP, 土壤全磷含量; SWC, 土壤含水量; Tips, 根尖数; TRL, 总根长。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001。

Fig. 4 Relationship between root morphological traits and biomass of alpine meadow dominant species and environmental factors on the Qingzang Plateau. AGB, aboveground biomass; BGB, belowground biomass; BD, soil density; Forks, number of forks; RAD, root average diameter; RAGB, relative abundance of aboveground biomass; RBGB, relative abundance of belowground biomass; RSA, root surface area; RSR, root-to-shoot ratio; RV, root volume; SAN, soil ammonium nitrogen content; SNN, soil nitrate nitrogen content; SOC, soil organic carbon content; SRL, specific root length; STN, soil total nitrogen content; STP, soil total phosphorus; SWC, soil water content; Tips, root tips; TRL, total root length. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.

表3 青藏高原高寒草甸不同优势植物相对地上生物量与根系形态性状的逐步回归分析

Table 3 Stepwise regression analysis of the relative abundance of aboveground biomass of different dominant plant species influenced by the root morphological traits in alpine meadow on the Qingzang Plateau

优势种 Dominant species	最优模型 Optimal model	校正R² Correction R²	p
草地早熟禾 Poa pratensis	RAGB = 0.00006TRL^* - 0.008RV + 0.01RAD - 0.003	0.07	>0.05
垂穗披碱草 Elymus nutans	RAGB = -0.000008TRL^* - 0.02	0.04	>0.05
矮生嵩草 Carex alatauensis	RAGB = 0.0013TRL^*** -0.004	0.03	>0.05
青藏薹草 Carex moorcroftii	RAGB = 0.0004RSA^*** - 0.000003Forks^* - 0.003	0.39	<0.001
草玉梅 Anemone rivularis	RAGB = -0.0004SRL^** + 0.0005TRL^* + 0.01RV^* - 0.003RSA + 0.00003Tips + 0.04	0.34	<0.01
钝苞雪莲 Saussurea nigrescens	RAGB = 0.00005TRL^* + 0.009RAD^* - 1.7344	0.48	<0.001

表4 青藏高原高寒草甸不同优势植物相对地下生物量与根系形态性状的逐步回归分析

Table 4 Stepwise regression analysis of the relative abundance of belowground biomass of different dominant plant species influenced by the root morphological traits in alpine meadow on the Qingzang Plateau

优势种 Dominant species	最优模型 Optimal model	校正R²Correction R²	p
草地早熟禾 Poa pratensis	RBGB = 0.000004Tips^**- 0.000001SRL - 0.0002	0.19	<0.01
垂穗披碱草 Elymus nutans	RBGB = -0.00009TRL^* - 0.03RAD^+ 0.0004RSA^ - 0.000002SRL^* + 0.000003Forks^* + 0.000004Tips + 0.02	0.69	<0.001
矮生嵩草 Carex alatauensis	RBGB = 0.00002TRL^* - 0.00001Forks^* + 0.01RV + 0.003	0.20	<0.05
青藏薹草 Carex moorcroftii	RBGB = 0.02RV^*** - 0.00007SRL^* + 0.006	0.54	<0.001
草玉梅 Anemone rivularis	RBGB= -0.00009SRL^*+0.00002Forks^* + 0.00001Tips^* - 0.0003RSA^ + 0.003RV^** - 0.0007RAD + 0.02	0.82	<0.001
钝苞雪莲 Saussurea nigrescens	RBGB = 0.0001RSA^*** - 0.000008SRL^* - 0.001	0.53	<0.001

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退化程度对高寒草甸不同优势植物根系形态性状和生物量的影响

Effects of degradation degree on the root morphological traits and biomass of dominant plant species in alpine meadows

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