一年生盐生植物耐盐机制研究进展

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.06.023

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

盐生植物是一类能够在盐土上完成生活史的天然植物, 在与盐土协同演化过程中形成了一系列适应盐生环境的特殊生存策略。其中一年生盐生植物因其生活史短、方便培养和观察、易于基因转化和后代繁殖, 已成为耐盐机制研究的主要对象。一年生盐生植物面临多变的生境胁迫, 具有更大的生存风险, 所以具有不同于多年生盐生植物的更稳妥的适应机制, 主要体现在种子的高盐休眠、复水速萌、形态和萌发的多态性、存在持久种子库及调节资源分配等方面。种子萌发后的生长、发育和繁殖等生活史的各阶段都要经受严峻的盐生胁迫环境。通常所说的耐盐机理是指成株对盐分的调控, 按照植物种类不同而分为稀盐、泌盐和拒盐3种耐盐形式。该文在对国内外相关文献进行分析归纳的基础上, 首先介绍了一年生盐生植物的常见类型, 然后分别从种子特征、形态结构、生理生化和生态习性等方面综述了一年生盐生植物的耐盐机制。

关键词: 一年生盐生植物, 耐盐机制, 种子特性, 植株形态结构, 休眠

Abstract:

Halophytes, i.e., plants that can growth and reproduce in saline soil, have a series of evolutionary strategies to adapt to saline environments. Annual halophytes have been the main subject of salt-tolerance research, because their short life cycle facilitates culture and observation, enabling ease of experimentation, genetic transformation and plant regeneration. Bearing greater survival risk, annual halophytes have a set of mechanisms safer than those of perennial halophytes, including seed dormancy when subjected to high salt, fast germination after rehydration, polymorphism in morphology and germination, persistent seed bank and plastic resource allocation. After successful germination, the life stages of vegetation growth, development and reproduction can endure severe salinity stress; the so-called mechanism of salt tolerance is to mediate salt in vivo during plant life. According to differences among plant species, the mechanisms of salt tolerance can be divided into salt-dilution, salt-secretion and salt-exclusion. Based on analyzing domestic and foreign literature, we review and summarize the common types of annual halophytes and their salt-tolerant mechanisms, including seed characteristics, plant morphology and structure, biochemistry and ecological behaviors.

Key words: annual halophyte, mechanism of salt tolerance, seed characteristics, plant morphology and structure, dormancy

张科, 田长彦, 李春俭. 一年生盐生植物耐盐机制研究进展. 植物生态学报, 2009, 33(6): 1220-1231. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.06.023

ZHANG Ke, TIAN Chang-Yan, LI Chun-Jian. REVIEW OF PROGRESS OF STUDIES ON SALT-TOLERANCE MECHANISMS OF ANNUAL HALOPHYTES. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2009, 33(6): 1220-1231. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.06.023

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稀盐 Salt-dilution	泌盐 Salt-secretion	拒盐 Salt-exclusion
藜科(Chenopodiaceae)	藜科(Chenopodiaceae)	菊科(Compositae)
雾冰藜(Bassia dasyphylla)	滨藜属(Atriplexspp.)	蒿(Artemisia spp.)
异子蓬(Borszczowia aralocaspica)	猪毛菜属(Salsola)	碱菀(Tripolium vulgare)
藜(Chenopodiumspp.)	藜(Chenopodiumspp.)	十字花科(Cruciferae)
盐生草(Halogeton glomeratus)	瓣鳞花科(Frankeniaceae)	小盐芥(Thellungiella salsuginea)
碱地肤(Kochia spp.)	瓣鳞花(Frankenia pulverulenta)	豆科(Leguminosae)
叉毛蓬(Petrosimonia sibirica)	禾本科(Gramineae)	黄芪(Astragalus)
碱蓬(Suaedaspp.)	棒头草(Polypogonspp.)	蓼科(Polygonaceae)
盐角草(Salicornia europaea)		萹蓄(Polygonum aviculare)

稀盐 Salt-dilution	泌盐 Salt-secretion	拒盐 Salt-exclusion
藜科(Chenopodiaceae)	藜科(Chenopodiaceae)	菊科(Compositae)
雾冰藜(Bassia dasyphylla)	滨藜属(Atriplexspp.)	蒿(Artemisia spp.)
异子蓬(Borszczowia aralocaspica)	猪毛菜属(Salsola)	碱菀(Tripolium vulgare)
藜(Chenopodiumspp.)	藜(Chenopodiumspp.)	十字花科(Cruciferae)
盐生草(Halogeton glomeratus)	瓣鳞花科(Frankeniaceae)	小盐芥(Thellungiella salsuginea)
碱地肤(Kochia spp.)	瓣鳞花(Frankenia pulverulenta)	豆科(Leguminosae)
叉毛蓬(Petrosimonia sibirica)	禾本科(Gramineae)	黄芪(Astragalus)
碱蓬(Suaedaspp.)	棒头草(Polypogonspp.)	蓼科(Polygonaceae)
盐角草(Salicornia europaea)		萹蓄(Polygonum aviculare)