散枝猪毛菜的种子多型性及其萌发行为

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2007.0132

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

散枝猪毛菜(Salsola bracchita)主要分布于新疆准噶尔荒漠,具有很强的抗干旱和抗盐碱能力。该文对散枝猪毛菜的果实进行了观察,表明散枝猪毛菜具有4种类型的散布单位和果实,这4种果实在形状、大小、颜色和着生方式上均有显著差异。A型果实绿色、球形、大,着生方式为横生,宿存花被革质,背部有紫红色翅状附属物,直径为(2.161±0.138) mm,单粒重为(3.810±0.113) mg;B型果实绿色、大、扁平、长圆形,着生方式为直立,宿存花被革质,背部有翅状附属物,长为(2.062±0.188) mm,宽为(1.720±0.148) mm,单粒重为(2.665±0.113) mg;C型果实绿色、大、扁平、长圆形,着生方式为直立,宿存花被膜质,背部无翅状附属物,长为(2.239±0.277) mm,宽为(1.844±0.150) mm,单粒重为(2.723±0.559) mg;D型果实黄色、小、扁平、长卵形,着生方式为直立,宿存花被膜质,背部无翅状附属物,长为(1.678±0.163) mm,宽为(1.390±0.110) mm,单粒重为(0.928±0.025) mg。A型、B型和C型种子(果实)在5 ℃/15 ℃、5 ℃/25 ℃、15 ℃/25 ℃(暗12 h/光12 h)变温条件下萌发率>68%,且B型和C型种子比A型种子有较高的萌发率和萌发速率。D型种子在3种变温条件下萌发缓慢,最终萌发率始终维持在较低水平(<20%),划破果皮和种皮能够显著提高D型种子的萌发率和萌发指数,表明D型种子处于生理休眠状态。散枝猪毛菜的种子多型性是对荒漠异质环境的一种适应。

关键词: 散枝猪毛菜, 种子多型性, 种子萌发, 生理休眠, 划伤

Abstract:

Aims Salsola bracchita has four types of perianth-enclosed utricles, utricles and seeds. We investigated the role of utricle polymorphism in seed dispersal and germination to better understand how S. bracchita is adapted to its desert habitat.

Methods Twenty plants of S. bracchita were selected randomly to observe the morphology of perianth-enclosed utricles, including persistence of perianth and wings, utricle shape and color and location of fruit on mother plant. Seeds of the four types were germinated in incubators with 12 h photoperiod and 12 h thermoperiods (dark/light) of 5 ℃/15 ℃, 5 ℃/25 ℃, and 15 ℃/25 ℃ for 20 d. Type D seed was scarified and then germinated for 20 d at the three different thermoperiods to determine its dormancy characteristics.

Important findings Salsola bracchita produces four types of fruits (utricles) that differ in shape, size, seed color and external structure. Type A and B fruits can be dispersed by wind far from mother plants. Germination percentages of type A seeds at all three thermoperiods were >70%, and there were no significant differences (p>0.05). Germination percentages of type B seeds were all >68%, and there were significant differences (p<0.05), with highest germination percentage and germination index at 5 ℃/25 ℃ (dark/light) (>80%). Type C fruits have tepals without wings and are dispersed near mother plants. Germination percentages of type C seeds were all >80%, and there were no significant differences (p>0.05). Rate and final percentages of germination of type B and type C seeds were higher than that of type A seeds. Type D fruits also are mainly dispersed near mother plants. Freshly matured type D seeds are in physiological dormancy because its germination is slow and low (<20%). Seed coat scarification of type D seeds can hasten and increase the seed germination percentage (p<0.01) and germination index (p<0.01) in each of the thermoperiods.

Key words: Salsola bracchita, seed polymorphism, seed germination, physiological dormancy, scarification

王宏飞, 魏岩, 黄振英. 散枝猪毛菜的种子多型性及其萌发行为. 植物生态学报, 2007, 31(6): 1046-1053. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0132

WANG Hong-Fei, WEI Yan, HUANG Zhen-Ying. SEED POLYMORPHISM AND GERMINATION BEHAVIOR OF SALSOLA BRACCHITA, A DOMINANT DESERT ANNUAL INHABITING JUNGGAR BASIN OF XINJIANG, CHINA. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2007, 31(6): 1046-1053. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0132

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2007.0132

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2007/V31/I6/1046

图/表 7

图1 散枝猪毛菜的散布单位和果实类型

Fig.1 The four dispersal units and fruit types of Salsola bracchita

表1 散枝猪毛菜的果实类型及特征

Table 1 Types and characteristics of fruits of Salsola bracchita

果实类型 Fruit types	颜色 Color	着生方式 Position	形状 Shape	长 Length (mm)	宽 Width (mm)	质量 Weight (mg)	翅 Wings
A型 Type A	绿色 Green	横生 Horizontal	圆形 Spherical	2.161±0.138	-	3.810±0.113	长 Long
B型 Type B	绿色 Green	直立 Vertical	椭圆形 Elliptical	2.062±0.188	1.720±0.148	2.665±0.113	短 Short
C型 Type C	绿色 Green	直立 Vertical	椭圆形 Elliptical	2.239±0.277	1.844±0.150	2.723±0.112	无 Absent
D型 Type D	黄色 Yellow	直立 Vertical	椭圆形 Elliptical	1.678±0.163	1.390±0.110	0.928±0.025	无 Absent

表2 不同类型种子及不同变温对萌发影响的二因素方差分析

Table 2 Results of Two-way ANOVA of germination percentage under different types of seeds and different alternating temperatures

偏差来源 Source	自由度df	均方 Mean square	F值 F value	p值 p value
类型Type 温度Temperature 类型 × 温度 Type × temperature 误差Error 总和Total	3 2 6 36 48	14 279.687 50.085 197.832 69.300	206.057 0.723 2.855	0.000 0.492 0.022

图2 散枝猪毛菜4种类型种子在不同变温下的萌发率(a)和萌发指数(b) 同种类型种子在不同温度和不同类型种子在同一温度下,不同的小写字母表示在p=0.05 水平上差异显著

Fig.2 The final germination percentage (a) and germination index (b) of four seed types of Salsola bracchita at different alternating temperatures Different small letters indicate significance at p=0.05 among the same type seeds under different temperatures and different types of seeds under the same temperature

图3 在5 ℃/25 ℃条件下散枝猪毛菜4种类型种子的累积萌发率

Fig.3 The cumulative germination percentage of four seed types of Salsola bracchita at alternating temperature 5 ℃/25 ℃

图4 不同变温下划破种皮D型种子的萌发率(a)和萌发指数(b) 不同的小写字母表示在 p=0.05 水平上差异显著

Fig.4 The final germination percentage (a) and germination index (b) of type D of Salsola bracchita seeds with scarification at different alternating temperatures Different small letters indicate significance at p=0.05

图5 在5 ℃/25℃条件下划破种皮D型种子的累积萌发率

Fig.5 The cumulative germination percentage of type D seeds of Salsola bracchita with scarification at alternating temperature 5 ℃/25℃

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