Effects of Spartina alterniflora invasion on enrichment of sedimental heavy metals in a mangrove wetland and the underlying mechanisms

doi:10.17521/cjpe. 2016.0338

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims The cordgrass Spartina alterniflora is one of the highly successful invasive plants in coastlines worldwide. Although the S. alterniflora invasion is threatening mangroves and the increasing heavy metal pollution of oceans and coasts are of growing concerns, especially in China, the effects of S. alterniflora invasion on the enrichment of sedimental heavy metals in mangrove wetlands are not known. The objectives of this study are to determine the effects of S. alterniflora invasion on enrichment of sedimental heavy metals in the mangrove wetland and the underlying mechanisms.
Methods We investigated differences in the contents of sedimental heavy metals, including As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Mn, for two pairs of comparisons (unvegetated shoal vs S. alterniflora monoculture and Avicennia marina monoculture vs A. marina + S. alterniflora mixture), and their relationships with environmental factors in Zhanjiang Mangrove National Natural Reserve, Guangdong, China.
Important findings Spartina alterniflora invasions in mangrove wetlands increased the contents of sedimental heavy metals, with the effects being significant on Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Mn. The intermediate level of pollution was only detected in the sedimental Cd. The presence of S. alterniflora resulted in enrichment in the sedimental heavy metals in the mangrove wetland in Zhanjiang, but not to the degree of concerns for contaminations. The contents of sedimental organic matter, total C, total N, total S and total K were strongly related to the contents of sedimental heavy metals in the invaded mangrove wetland. Ultimately, the dense above-and below-ground architectures of the invasive S. alterniflora likely play a predominant role in causing enrichment of sedimental heavy metals.

http://jtp.cnki.net/bilingual/detail/html/ZWSB201704003

Key words: Spartina alterniflora, Avicennia marina, heavy metals, sediment physicochemical property, vegetation characteristics, Zhanjiang, China

Quan CHEN, Ke-Ming MA. Effects of Spartina alterniflora invasion on enrichment of sedimental heavy metals in a mangrove wetland and the underlying mechanisms[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2017, 41(4): 409-417.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe. 2016.0338

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2017/V41/I4/409

Figures/Tables 9

References 43

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生境 Habitat	地理坐标 Geographical location	植物群落结构特征 Plant community characteristics
生境 Habitat	地理坐标 Geographical location	平均株高 Mean plant height (m)	盖度 Coverage	植株密度 Plant density (ind.·m^-2)	根系生物量 Root biomass (g·m^-3)
裸滩 Unvegetated shoal (US)	109.78° E, 21.51° N	-	-	-	-
互花米草 Spartina alterniflora (SA)	109.77° E, 21.42° N	1.16 ± 0.01^**	0.91 ± 0.01^**	42.55 ± 0.56^**	1 165.77 ± 151.25^**
海榄雌 Avicennia marina (AM)	109.76° E, 21.52° N	1.58 ± 0.03^**	0.88 ± 0.01^**	0.33 ± 0.02^**	1 685.82 ± 63.67^**
互花米草+海榄 Spartina alterniflora + Avicennia marina (MIX)	109.79° E, 21.49° N	1.25 ± 0.08	0.56 ± 0.02	22.00 ± 0.29	1 176.04 ± 125.72

生境 Habitat	地理坐标 Geographical location	植物群落结构特征 Plant community characteristics
生境 Habitat	地理坐标 Geographical location	平均株高 Mean plant height (m)	盖度 Coverage	植株密度 Plant density (ind.·m^-2)	根系生物量 Root biomass (g·m^-3)
裸滩 Unvegetated shoal (US)	109.78° E, 21.51° N	-	-	-	-
互花米草 Spartina alterniflora (SA)	109.77° E, 21.42° N	1.16 ± 0.01^**	0.91 ± 0.01^**	42.55 ± 0.56^**	1 165.77 ± 151.25^**
海榄雌 Avicennia marina (AM)	109.76° E, 21.52° N	1.58 ± 0.03^**	0.88 ± 0.01^**	0.33 ± 0.02^**	1 685.82 ± 63.67^**
互花米草+海榄 Spartina alterniflora + Avicennia marina (MIX)	109.79° E, 21.49° N	1.25 ± 0.08	0.56 ± 0.02	22.00 ± 0.29	1 176.04 ± 125.72

生境 Habitat	容重 Bulk density	盐度 Salinity (%)	砂粒 Sand (%)	粉粒 Silt (%)	黏粒 Clay (%)	pH
US	1.44 ± 0.02^**	8.75 ± 0.34	5.42 ± 0.13^**	90.46 ± 0.38	2.67 ± 0.28	6.62 ± 0.02
SA	0.65 ± 0.02	29.29 ± 1.07^**	2.08 ± 0.08	89.53 ± 0.53	8.12 ± 0.53^**	6.58 ± 0.03
AM	0.91 ± 0.03^**	15.43 ± 0.51	2.56 ± 0.13	86.90 ± 1.76	6.31 ± 1.01	6.43 ± 0.02
MIX	0.61 ± 0.02	33.50 ± 0.64^**	2.38 ± 0.08	86.14 ± 0.75	10.80 ± 0.76^**	6.52 ± 0.02^**
生境 Habitat	有机质 Organic matter (%)	全氮 Total nitrogen (%)	全硫 Total sulphur (%)	全磷 Total phosphorus (%)	全钾 Total potassium (%)	全碳 Total carbon (%)
US	1.01 ± 0.03	0.06 ± 0.001	0.17 ± 0.01	0.015 ± 0.000	0.42 ± 0.01	0.65 ± 0.02
SA	2.15 ± 0.04^**	0.14 ± 0.004^**	0.36 ± 0.01^**	0.031 ± 0.001^**	0.69 ± 0.02^**	1.48 ± 0.03^**
AM	2.23 ± 0.06	0.12 ± 0.002	0.41 ± 0.03	0.019 ± 0.001	0.59 ± 0.01	1.55 ± 0.04
MIX	2.40 ± 0.06	0.15 ± 0.004^**	0.41 ± 0.01	0.032 ± 0.001^**	0.69 ± 0.0.02^**	1.62 ± 0.04^**

生境 Habitat	容重 Bulk density	盐度 Salinity (%)	砂粒 Sand (%)	粉粒 Silt (%)	黏粒 Clay (%)	pH
US	1.44 ± 0.02^**	8.75 ± 0.34	5.42 ± 0.13^**	90.46 ± 0.38	2.67 ± 0.28	6.62 ± 0.02
SA	0.65 ± 0.02	29.29 ± 1.07^**	2.08 ± 0.08	89.53 ± 0.53	8.12 ± 0.53^**	6.58 ± 0.03
AM	0.91 ± 0.03^**	15.43 ± 0.51	2.56 ± 0.13	86.90 ± 1.76	6.31 ± 1.01	6.43 ± 0.02
MIX	0.61 ± 0.02	33.50 ± 0.64^**	2.38 ± 0.08	86.14 ± 0.75	10.80 ± 0.76^**	6.52 ± 0.02^**
生境 Habitat	有机质 Organic matter (%)	全氮 Total nitrogen (%)	全硫 Total sulphur (%)	全磷 Total phosphorus (%)	全钾 Total potassium (%)	全碳 Total carbon (%)
US	1.01 ± 0.03	0.06 ± 0.001	0.17 ± 0.01	0.015 ± 0.000	0.42 ± 0.01	0.65 ± 0.02
SA	2.15 ± 0.04^**	0.14 ± 0.004^**	0.36 ± 0.01^**	0.031 ± 0.001^**	0.69 ± 0.02^**	1.48 ± 0.03^**
AM	2.23 ± 0.06	0.12 ± 0.002	0.41 ± 0.03	0.019 ± 0.001	0.59 ± 0.01	1.55 ± 0.04
MIX	2.40 ± 0.06	0.15 ± 0.004^**	0.41 ± 0.01	0.032 ± 0.001^**	0.69 ± 0.0.02^**	1.62 ± 0.04^**

理化性质 Physicochemical properties	植被特征 Vegetation characteristics	p	R²	回归方程 Regression equation
有机质含量 Organic matter content (C_OM)	PH	<0.001	0.848	C_OM = 0.89PH + 1.09
全氮含量 Total nitrogen content (C_TN)	PD, PH, C	<0.001	0.923	C_TN = 0.001PD + 0.08PH - 0.07C + 0.06
全磷含量 Total phosphorus content (C_TP)	PD	<0.001	0.689	C_TP = 0.0003PD + 0.02
全硫含量 Total sulphur content (C_TS)	PH	<0.001	0.860	C_TS = 0.16PH + 0.18
全钾含量 Total potassium content (C_TK)	PD, PH, C	0.001	0.903	C_TK = 0.05PD + 0.21PH - 0.19C + 0.42
全碳含量 Total carbon content (C_TC)	PH, PD, C	0.047	0.887	C_TC = 0.58PH + 0.005PD + 0.67
容重 Bulk density (BD)	PD, PH, C	0.001	0.961	BD = 0.68CC - 0.014PD - 0.71PH + 1.43
盐度 Salinity (Sal)	PD, PH, C	<0.001	0.939	Sal = 0.006PD + 0.25PH - 0.38C + 0.91
pH	PD, PH	0.022	0.608	pH = 0.003PD - 0.122PH + 6.62
砂粒比例 Sand ratio (Sa)	C	<0.001	0.837	Sa = 5.11 - 3.41C
粉粒比例 Silt ratio (Si)	PH	0.03	0.295	Si = 90.55 - 2.31PH
黏粒比例 Clay ratio (Cl)	PD, PH, C	0.003	0.807	Cl = 0.15PD + 9.48PH - 12.97C + 2.74