Chin J Plan Ecolo ›› 2016, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (12): 1328-1343.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0087
Special Issue: 红树林及红树植物
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Xiao-Xuan ZHOU, Ling-Ling CAI, Mei-Ping FU, Li-Wei HONG, Ying-Jia SHEN, Qingshun Quinn LI*
Online:
2016-12-31
Published:
2016-12-30
Contact:
Qingshun Quinn LI
Xiao-Xuan ZHOU, Ling-Ling CAI, Mei-Ping FU, Li-Wei HONG, Ying-Jia SHEN, Qingshun Quinn LI. Progress in the studies of vivipary in mangrove plants[J]. Chin J Plan Ecolo, 2016, 40(12): 1328-1343.
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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2016.0087
科名 Family | 种名 Species | 生境 Habitat | 参考文献 Reference |
---|---|---|---|
天南星科 Araceae | Dieffenbachia longispatha | 湿润林 Wet forest | Janzen, 1983 |
隐棒花 Cryptocoryne sp. (1) | 海岸 Coast | Pijl, 1972 | |
Aglaodorum griffithii | 海岸 Coast | Pijl, 1972 | |
棕榈科 Arecaceae | 椰子 Cocos nucifera | 海岸 Coast | Sankaran et al., 2012 |
水椰 Nypa fruticans* | 海岸 Coast | Tomlinson, 1986 | |
菊科 Asteraceae | Abrotanella linearis | 湿润林 Wet forest | Simpson, 1979 |
Pachystegia insignis | 湿润林 Wet forest | Simpson, 1979 | |
海榄雌科 Avicenniaceae | Avicennia spp. (8)* | 海岸 Coast | Marilyn & Graham, 1984 |
木棉科 Bombacaceae | Montezuma speciosissima | 湿润林 Wet forest | Marrero, 1942 |
石竹科 Caryophyllaceae | Scheidea diffusa | 山地森林 Montane | Wagner et al., 1999 |
牛栓藤科 Connaraceae | Connarus grandis | 湿润林 Wet forest | Corner, 1976 |
山茱萸科 Cornaceae | Corokia macrocarpa | 湿润林 Wet forest | Fountain & Outred, 1991 |
葫芦科 Cucurbitaceae | 佛手瓜 Sechium edule | 农田 Farmland | Singh & Mathur, 2004 |
丝粉藻科 Cymodoceaceae | Amphibolus spp. (2) | 海岸 Coast | Ducker & Knox, 1976 |
Thalassodendron spp. (2) | 海岸 Coast | Tomlinson, 1986 | |
大戟科 Euphorbiaceae | 麻疯树 Jatropha curcas | 农田 Farmland | Deore & Johnson, 2008 |
豆科 Fabaceae | Inga spp. (2) | 沼泽林 Swamp forest | Leck et al., 2008 |
Pithecellobium racemosum | 湿润林 Wet forest | Leite & Rankin, 1981 | |
玉蕊科 Lecythidaceae | 玉蕊 Barringtonia racemosa | 海岸 Coast | Guppy, 1912 |
百合科 Liliaceae | Crinum capense | 河岸 Riverine | Guppy, 1912 |
Hymenocallis spp. (2) | 河岸 Riverine | Dahlgren et al., 1985 | |
Nerine sp. (1) | 草地 Grassland | Dahlgren et al., 1985 | |
Ripogonum scandens | 湿润林 Wet forest | Burrows, 1997 | |
桑科 Moraceae | Morus latifolia | 湿润林 Wet forest | Ellis et al., 1985 |
Artocarpus incisa | 湿润林 Wet forest | Guppy, 1912 | |
紫金牛科 Myrsinaceae | Aegiceras spp. (2)* | 海岸 Coast | Tomlinson, 1986 |
紫茉莉科 Nyctaginaceae | Pisonia longirostris | 沼泽林 Swamp forest | Corner, 1976 |
Pellicierieaceae | Pelliciera rhizophora* | 海岸 Coast | Tomlinson, 1986 |
白花丹科 Plumbaginaceae | Aegialitis spp. (2) | 海岸 Coast | Tomlinson, 1986 |
蓼科 Polygonaceae | 荞麦 Fagopyrum esculentum | 农田 Farmland | Joshi & Paroda, 1991 |
禾本科 Poaceae | Dinochloa sp. (1) | 湿润林 Wet forest | Dransfield & Bulletin, 1981 |
Melocanna baccifera | 湿润林 Wet forest | Ramanayake & Weerawardene, 2003 | |
红树科 Rhizophoraceae | Bruguiera spp. (6)* | 海岸 Coast | Tomlinson, 1986 |
Ceriops spp. (3)* | 海岸 Coast | Tomlinson, 1986 | |
Kandelia spp. (2)* | 海岸 Coast | Sheue et al., 2003 | |
Rhizophora spp. (8)* | 海岸 Coast | Tomlinson, 1986 | |
茜草科 Rubiaceae | Coprosma robusta | 湿润林 Wet forest | Burrows, 1995 |
Ophiorrhiza tomentosa | 湿润林 Wet forest | Tan & Rao, 1981 | |
Ophiorrhiza mungos | 湿润林 Wet forest | Dintu et al., 2015 | |
山榄科 Sapotaceae | Euphrasia disperma | 湿润林 Wet forest | Simpson, 1977 |
仙人掌科 Cactaceae | Coryphantha vivipara | 干旱 Drought | Cota-Sánchez, 2004 |
Disocactus martianus | 热带 Tropics | Cota-Sánchez, 2004 | |
Epiphyllum X Fern la Borde | 栽培 Cultivation | Cota-Sánchez, 2004 | |
Epiphyllum phyllanthus | 热带 Tropics | Conde, 1975 | |
Lepismium ianthothele | 热带 Tropics | Cota-Sánchez, 2004 | |
科名 Family | 种名 Species | 生境 Habitat | 参考文献 Reference |
仙人掌科 Cactaceae | Lepismium monacanthum | 热带 Tropics | Cota-Sánchez, 2004 |
Rhipsalis pilocarpa | 热带 Tropics | Lombardi JA, 1993 | |
Rhipsalis baccifera | 干旱 Drought | Cota-Sánchez, 2004 | |
Cleistocactus smaragdiflorus | 干旱 Drought | Cota-Sánchez, 2004 | |
Harrisia martinii | 干旱 Drought | Cota-Sánchez, 2004 |
Table 1 Viviparous plants reported in the literature
科名 Family | 种名 Species | 生境 Habitat | 参考文献 Reference |
---|---|---|---|
天南星科 Araceae | Dieffenbachia longispatha | 湿润林 Wet forest | Janzen, 1983 |
隐棒花 Cryptocoryne sp. (1) | 海岸 Coast | Pijl, 1972 | |
Aglaodorum griffithii | 海岸 Coast | Pijl, 1972 | |
棕榈科 Arecaceae | 椰子 Cocos nucifera | 海岸 Coast | Sankaran et al., 2012 |
水椰 Nypa fruticans* | 海岸 Coast | Tomlinson, 1986 | |
菊科 Asteraceae | Abrotanella linearis | 湿润林 Wet forest | Simpson, 1979 |
Pachystegia insignis | 湿润林 Wet forest | Simpson, 1979 | |
海榄雌科 Avicenniaceae | Avicennia spp. (8)* | 海岸 Coast | Marilyn & Graham, 1984 |
木棉科 Bombacaceae | Montezuma speciosissima | 湿润林 Wet forest | Marrero, 1942 |
石竹科 Caryophyllaceae | Scheidea diffusa | 山地森林 Montane | Wagner et al., 1999 |
牛栓藤科 Connaraceae | Connarus grandis | 湿润林 Wet forest | Corner, 1976 |
山茱萸科 Cornaceae | Corokia macrocarpa | 湿润林 Wet forest | Fountain & Outred, 1991 |
葫芦科 Cucurbitaceae | 佛手瓜 Sechium edule | 农田 Farmland | Singh & Mathur, 2004 |
丝粉藻科 Cymodoceaceae | Amphibolus spp. (2) | 海岸 Coast | Ducker & Knox, 1976 |
Thalassodendron spp. (2) | 海岸 Coast | Tomlinson, 1986 | |
大戟科 Euphorbiaceae | 麻疯树 Jatropha curcas | 农田 Farmland | Deore & Johnson, 2008 |
豆科 Fabaceae | Inga spp. (2) | 沼泽林 Swamp forest | Leck et al., 2008 |
Pithecellobium racemosum | 湿润林 Wet forest | Leite & Rankin, 1981 | |
玉蕊科 Lecythidaceae | 玉蕊 Barringtonia racemosa | 海岸 Coast | Guppy, 1912 |
百合科 Liliaceae | Crinum capense | 河岸 Riverine | Guppy, 1912 |
Hymenocallis spp. (2) | 河岸 Riverine | Dahlgren et al., 1985 | |
Nerine sp. (1) | 草地 Grassland | Dahlgren et al., 1985 | |
Ripogonum scandens | 湿润林 Wet forest | Burrows, 1997 | |
桑科 Moraceae | Morus latifolia | 湿润林 Wet forest | Ellis et al., 1985 |
Artocarpus incisa | 湿润林 Wet forest | Guppy, 1912 | |
紫金牛科 Myrsinaceae | Aegiceras spp. (2)* | 海岸 Coast | Tomlinson, 1986 |
紫茉莉科 Nyctaginaceae | Pisonia longirostris | 沼泽林 Swamp forest | Corner, 1976 |
Pellicierieaceae | Pelliciera rhizophora* | 海岸 Coast | Tomlinson, 1986 |
白花丹科 Plumbaginaceae | Aegialitis spp. (2) | 海岸 Coast | Tomlinson, 1986 |
蓼科 Polygonaceae | 荞麦 Fagopyrum esculentum | 农田 Farmland | Joshi & Paroda, 1991 |
禾本科 Poaceae | Dinochloa sp. (1) | 湿润林 Wet forest | Dransfield & Bulletin, 1981 |
Melocanna baccifera | 湿润林 Wet forest | Ramanayake & Weerawardene, 2003 | |
红树科 Rhizophoraceae | Bruguiera spp. (6)* | 海岸 Coast | Tomlinson, 1986 |
Ceriops spp. (3)* | 海岸 Coast | Tomlinson, 1986 | |
Kandelia spp. (2)* | 海岸 Coast | Sheue et al., 2003 | |
Rhizophora spp. (8)* | 海岸 Coast | Tomlinson, 1986 | |
茜草科 Rubiaceae | Coprosma robusta | 湿润林 Wet forest | Burrows, 1995 |
Ophiorrhiza tomentosa | 湿润林 Wet forest | Tan & Rao, 1981 | |
Ophiorrhiza mungos | 湿润林 Wet forest | Dintu et al., 2015 | |
山榄科 Sapotaceae | Euphrasia disperma | 湿润林 Wet forest | Simpson, 1977 |
仙人掌科 Cactaceae | Coryphantha vivipara | 干旱 Drought | Cota-Sánchez, 2004 |
Disocactus martianus | 热带 Tropics | Cota-Sánchez, 2004 | |
Epiphyllum X Fern la Borde | 栽培 Cultivation | Cota-Sánchez, 2004 | |
Epiphyllum phyllanthus | 热带 Tropics | Conde, 1975 | |
Lepismium ianthothele | 热带 Tropics | Cota-Sánchez, 2004 | |
科名 Family | 种名 Species | 生境 Habitat | 参考文献 Reference |
仙人掌科 Cactaceae | Lepismium monacanthum | 热带 Tropics | Cota-Sánchez, 2004 |
Rhipsalis pilocarpa | 热带 Tropics | Lombardi JA, 1993 | |
Rhipsalis baccifera | 干旱 Drought | Cota-Sánchez, 2004 | |
Cleistocactus smaragdiflorus | 干旱 Drought | Cota-Sánchez, 2004 | |
Harrisia martinii | 干旱 Drought | Cota-Sánchez, 2004 |
Fig. 1 Comparisons of embryo developmental processes between true-viviparous mangroves Rhizophora apiculata (A-C) and Kandelia obovata (D-F), showing that breaking of the seed coat in R. apiculata is due to the massive growth of the endosperm while it is because of hypocotyl elongation in K. obovata. A, Embryo in the heart-shaped stage, in which the integument is opened by the intrusive growth of the endosperm. B, The embryo starts to differentiate, and cotyledon is on the upper, while shoot, hypocotyl and root are below. C, An embryo in rapid elongation stage because of cell division and elongation of the intercalary meristem zone below shoot apical meristem. D, The embryo first grows in the fused cotyledon; also shown is the axis; no endosperm is seen at this stage. The funicle connects the seed and the placenta. E, A stage later than D, but the whole embryo is still enclosed by integument. F, The embryo (axis) protrudes the seed by the growth of the intercalary meristem, and the embryo will enter a rapid growth stage. a, axis; co, cotyledon; em, embryo; en, endosperm; f, funicle; i, integument; ii, inner integument; IM, intercalary meristem; oi, outer integument; SAM, shoot apical meristem.
Fig. 2 Comparative illustrations in embryo developments in true-vivipary, crypto-vivipary and non-vivipary in mangrove plants. A-E represent true-vivipary embryo development in Rhizophora apiculata. A, The embryo is still enclosed in the integument. B, Integument has been forced open by large amount of endosperm. C, The embryo sac is filled with fused cotyledon, and axis starts its growth. D, The embryo grows out of the integument while still inside the fruit. E, The hypocotyl elongates out of the pericarp. F-J represent the true-vivipary embryo development in Kandelia obovata. F, After fertilization, when the liner embryo lays in the seed and curves to a certain extent. G, The fused cotyledon occupies the majority of the seed while axis starts to extend. H, The axis extends out of the integument. I, The same stage as D of R. apiculata. J, The same stage as E of R. apiculata. K-N, Crypto-vivipary embryogenesis and seed germination in Avivennia marina. K, Endosperm surrounds the globular pro-embryo. L, Micropylar haustorium becomes atrophied, and then the endosperm and the heart-shaped embryo grow out of the ovular tissue, with subsequent embryo development occurring outside of the ovule. M, Mature seed with folded cotyledons and embryonic axis while closely contiguous with the pericarp. N, Seed germinate in the intertidal mud. O, P, Non-vivipary embryo development in Sonneratia apetala. O, In globular stage. P, In heart-shaped stage. Q, Germinating seed after leaving the parent plant. a, axis; co, cotyledon; em, embryo; en, endosperm; i, integument; mh, micropylar haustorium; p, pericarp; pl, plumule; r, root; SM, shoot meristem. Figures are not drawn to scale.
物种 Species | 基因名称 Gene name | 生物功能 Biological functions | 脱落酸 Abscisic acid (ABA) | 文献来源 Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
玉米 Zea mays | VP1 | 编码与ABA信号相关的转录激活因子, 在胚胎与胚乳中特异表达, 能控制种子成熟中的发育过程 Encoding a transcription activator related to ABA signaling, expressed specifically in embryo and endosperm tissues, and controls multiple developmental responses associated with the maturation phase of seed formation | 不敏感 Insensitive | McCarty et al., 1989, 1991 |
VP2 | 编码或调控4-羟苯丙酮酸二加氧酶, 可催化4-羟苯丙酮酸生成高龙胆酸, 高龙胆酸可影响质体醌的合成, 进而影响淀粉体中胡萝卜素的去饱和过程 Encoding or regulating the expression of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase, an enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of homogentisic acid from 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate. Homogentisic acid affects the biosynthesis of plastoquinone, then blocks the process of carotene desaturation in amyloplasts | 合成缺陷 Synthesis deficit | Matthews et al., 2003 | |
VP5 | 编码茄红素脱氢酶, 进而影响ABA的积累和种子的发育 Encoding a phytoene desaturase which is essential for ABA accumulation and seed development | 合成缺陷 Synthesis deficit | Hable et al., 1998 | |
VP7 | 参与ABA合成通路中番茄红素转化为胡萝卜素的环化反应 Playing a role in cyclization reaction of lycopene to carotene in the ABA synthesis pathway | 合成缺陷 Synthesis deficit | Singh et al., 2003 | |
VP10 | 编码Cnx1直系同源蛋白, 该酶能催化钼蛋白辅助因子的合成 Encoding an orthologous protein of Cnx1 which is required for molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis | 正常 Normal | Porch et al., 2006 | |
VP14 | 编码一种类囊体膜蛋白, 催化ABA合成的关键步骤 Encoding a thylakoid membrane protein that catalyzes the committed step in ABA synthesis | 合成缺陷 Synthesis deficit | Bertoni, 2010 | |
VP15 | 编码植物钼喋呤合成酶的小亚基, 影响ABA的合成 Encoding a plant molybdopterin small subunit that affects ABA synthesis | 合成缺陷 Synthesis deficit | Suzuki et al., 2006 | |
水稻 Oryza sativa | ENL1 | 编码SNF2解旋酶家族蛋白, 在水稻合胞体胚乳的发育过程中起重要作用 Encoding a SNF2 helicase family protein that is essential for syncytial endosperm development | 正常 Normal | Hara et al., 2015 |
PHS1 | 编码茄红素脱氢酶, 参与类胡萝卜素合成途径 Encoding a phytoene desaturase which is involved in carotenoid synthesis pathway | 合成缺陷 Synthesis deficit | Fang et al., 2008 | |
PHS2 | 编码ζ胡萝卜素去饱和酶, 参与类胡萝卜素合成途径 Encoding a ζ-carotene desaturase which is involved in carotenoid synthesis pathway | 合成缺陷 Synthesis deficit | Fang et al., 2008 | |
PHS3 | 编码类胡萝卜素异构酶, 参与类胡萝卜素合成途径 Encoding a carotenoid isomerase which is involved in carotenoid synthesis pathway | 合成缺陷 Synthesis deficit | Fang et al., 2008 | |
PHS4 | 编码番茄红素β-环化酶, 参与类胡萝卜素合成途径 Encoding a lycopene β-cyclase which is involved in carotenoid synthesis pathway | 合成缺陷 Synthesis deficit | Fang et al., 2008 | |
向日葵 Helianthus annuus | ND-1 | 编码ζ胡萝卜素去饱和酶, 参与类胡萝卜素合成途径 Encoding a ζ-carotene desaturase which is involved in carotenoid synthesis pathway | 合成缺陷 Synthesis deficit | Conti et al., 2004 |
拟南芥 Arabidopsis thaliana | ABI3 | ABA信号识别的主要调节因子, 编码与玉米Vp-1基因同源的转录因子, 调控胚胎成熟与幼苗的早期发育过程 A main regulator of ABA signal recognition, encoding a transcription factor that is homologous to VP1 in maize, functions in regulation of embryo maturation and early development of plant | 不敏感 Insensitive | Meinke et al., 1994 |
LEC1 | 编码与胚胎成熟和细胞分化相关的转录激活因子, 正调控脂肪酸的合成 Encoding a transcription activator related to embryo maturation and cell differentiation, acts as a positive regulator to fatty acid synthesis | 正常 Normal | Meinke et al., 1994 |
Table 2 Genes related to vivipary and its corresponding functions in plants
物种 Species | 基因名称 Gene name | 生物功能 Biological functions | 脱落酸 Abscisic acid (ABA) | 文献来源 Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
玉米 Zea mays | VP1 | 编码与ABA信号相关的转录激活因子, 在胚胎与胚乳中特异表达, 能控制种子成熟中的发育过程 Encoding a transcription activator related to ABA signaling, expressed specifically in embryo and endosperm tissues, and controls multiple developmental responses associated with the maturation phase of seed formation | 不敏感 Insensitive | McCarty et al., 1989, 1991 |
VP2 | 编码或调控4-羟苯丙酮酸二加氧酶, 可催化4-羟苯丙酮酸生成高龙胆酸, 高龙胆酸可影响质体醌的合成, 进而影响淀粉体中胡萝卜素的去饱和过程 Encoding or regulating the expression of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase, an enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of homogentisic acid from 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate. Homogentisic acid affects the biosynthesis of plastoquinone, then blocks the process of carotene desaturation in amyloplasts | 合成缺陷 Synthesis deficit | Matthews et al., 2003 | |
VP5 | 编码茄红素脱氢酶, 进而影响ABA的积累和种子的发育 Encoding a phytoene desaturase which is essential for ABA accumulation and seed development | 合成缺陷 Synthesis deficit | Hable et al., 1998 | |
VP7 | 参与ABA合成通路中番茄红素转化为胡萝卜素的环化反应 Playing a role in cyclization reaction of lycopene to carotene in the ABA synthesis pathway | 合成缺陷 Synthesis deficit | Singh et al., 2003 | |
VP10 | 编码Cnx1直系同源蛋白, 该酶能催化钼蛋白辅助因子的合成 Encoding an orthologous protein of Cnx1 which is required for molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis | 正常 Normal | Porch et al., 2006 | |
VP14 | 编码一种类囊体膜蛋白, 催化ABA合成的关键步骤 Encoding a thylakoid membrane protein that catalyzes the committed step in ABA synthesis | 合成缺陷 Synthesis deficit | Bertoni, 2010 | |
VP15 | 编码植物钼喋呤合成酶的小亚基, 影响ABA的合成 Encoding a plant molybdopterin small subunit that affects ABA synthesis | 合成缺陷 Synthesis deficit | Suzuki et al., 2006 | |
水稻 Oryza sativa | ENL1 | 编码SNF2解旋酶家族蛋白, 在水稻合胞体胚乳的发育过程中起重要作用 Encoding a SNF2 helicase family protein that is essential for syncytial endosperm development | 正常 Normal | Hara et al., 2015 |
PHS1 | 编码茄红素脱氢酶, 参与类胡萝卜素合成途径 Encoding a phytoene desaturase which is involved in carotenoid synthesis pathway | 合成缺陷 Synthesis deficit | Fang et al., 2008 | |
PHS2 | 编码ζ胡萝卜素去饱和酶, 参与类胡萝卜素合成途径 Encoding a ζ-carotene desaturase which is involved in carotenoid synthesis pathway | 合成缺陷 Synthesis deficit | Fang et al., 2008 | |
PHS3 | 编码类胡萝卜素异构酶, 参与类胡萝卜素合成途径 Encoding a carotenoid isomerase which is involved in carotenoid synthesis pathway | 合成缺陷 Synthesis deficit | Fang et al., 2008 | |
PHS4 | 编码番茄红素β-环化酶, 参与类胡萝卜素合成途径 Encoding a lycopene β-cyclase which is involved in carotenoid synthesis pathway | 合成缺陷 Synthesis deficit | Fang et al., 2008 | |
向日葵 Helianthus annuus | ND-1 | 编码ζ胡萝卜素去饱和酶, 参与类胡萝卜素合成途径 Encoding a ζ-carotene desaturase which is involved in carotenoid synthesis pathway | 合成缺陷 Synthesis deficit | Conti et al., 2004 |
拟南芥 Arabidopsis thaliana | ABI3 | ABA信号识别的主要调节因子, 编码与玉米Vp-1基因同源的转录因子, 调控胚胎成熟与幼苗的早期发育过程 A main regulator of ABA signal recognition, encoding a transcription factor that is homologous to VP1 in maize, functions in regulation of embryo maturation and early development of plant | 不敏感 Insensitive | Meinke et al., 1994 |
LEC1 | 编码与胚胎成熟和细胞分化相关的转录激活因子, 正调控脂肪酸的合成 Encoding a transcription activator related to embryo maturation and cell differentiation, acts as a positive regulator to fatty acid synthesis | 正常 Normal | Meinke et al., 1994 |
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[1] | MU Mei-Rong, JIANG Qiao-Lan, WANG Wen-Qing. COMPARISONS OF LEAF CHLORIDE CONTENT AND LEAF TRAITS BETWEEN TRUE MANGROVE PLANTS AND SEMI-MANGROVE PLANTS [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2007, 31(3): 497-504. |
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