COMPARISONS OF LEAF CHLORIDE CONTENT AND LEAF TRAITS BETWEEN TRUE MANGROVE PLANTS AND SEMI-MANGROVE PLANTS

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2007.0062

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Mangrove plants are usually categorized as true mangrove plants and semi-mangrove plants on the basis of their distribution in inter-tidal regions. However, the identification of some fringe mangrove species found mainly on the landward transitional zones is controversial. Specific leaf area (SLA, leaf area per unit dry mass) and mass- and area-based leaf nitrogen concentrations (N_mass and N_area) are important leaf traits for plants, but relevant comparative research on true and semi-mangrove plants is unavailable. Our objective was to determine differences between the two groups and to classify the controversial species according to their leaf traits. Ultimately, this will assist in the management, protection and utilization of mangrove forest.
Methods Three individuals in similar growth sites were chosen for each species from Hainan Island. Fully expanded mature leaves were sampled from the upper canopy of all plants. Succulence (water content per unit leaf area), SLA, N_mass and N_area of mature leaves were studied for 33 species, representing all but three of the mangrove species in China.
Important findings True mangrove plants accumulated more Cl and water per unit leaf area than semi-mangrove plants, except for Pemphis acidula, Hernandia sonora and Clerodendrum inerme. Cl and water content per unit leaf area of true mangrove plants were generally >2.5 mg·cm^-2 and >2.4 g·dm^-2, respectively. Cl concentrations were positively related to succulence for all mangrove species. True mangrove plants had low SLA (<100 cm ²·g^-1) and high N_area; however, semi-mangrove plants had high SLA (mean of 160.4 cm ²·g^-1). Pemphis acidula had much lower SLA than other semi-mangrove species. Our study suggested that there are significant differences between true mangrove plants and semi-mangrove plants in leaf Cl concentration, succulence, SLA, N_mass and N_area. Heritiera littoralis, Excoecaria agallocha, Acrostichum aureum and Acrostichum speciosum are better classified as semi-mangrove plants, while Acanthus ilicifolius and Acanthus ebrecteatus are classified as true mangrove plants, and Xylocarpus granatum needs further research.

Key words: true mangrove plants, semi-mangrove plants, identification, leaf chloride content, leaf traits

MU Mei-Rong, JIANG Qiao-Lan, WANG Wen-Qing. COMPARISONS OF LEAF CHLORIDE CONTENT AND LEAF TRAITS BETWEEN TRUE MANGROVE PLANTS AND SEMI-MANGROVE PLANTS[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2007, 31(3): 497-504.

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Figures/Tables 5

References 27

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类别 Groups	物种名 Plant species	单位叶面积Cl含量 Cl content per unit leaf area	肉质化程度 Succulence	取样地及分布潮滩 Site and tide	土壤Cl含量 Cl content of soil
真红树植物 True mangrove plants	1. 红海榄 Rhizophora stylosa	0.65±0.04	5.03±0.02	东寨港(中潮滩) Dongzhai Harbour (Meso-tide bank)	8.36
	2. 正红树R. apiculata	0.57±0.06	4.68±0.27	清澜港(中高潮滩) Qianglan Harbour (Meso- and high-tide bank)	8.23
	3. 木榄 Bruguiera gymnorhiza	0.57±0.12	3.48±0.71	东寨港(中高潮滩) Dongzhai Harbour (Meso- and high-tide bank)	10.04
	4. 海莲 B. sexangula	0.31±0.02	2.41±0.30	东寨港(中高潮滩) Dongzhai Harbour (Meso- and high-tide bank)	15.56
	5. 尖瓣海莲 B. sexangula var. rhynchopetala	0.29±0.02	2.53±0.27	东寨港(中高潮滩) Dongzhai Harbour (Meso- and high-tide bank)	13.04
	6. 秋茄 Kandelia obovata	0.26±0.03	3.43±0.08	东寨港(中潮滩) Dongzhai Harbour (Meso-tide bank)	6.6
	7. 角果木 Ceriops tagal	0.47±0.16	4.39±1.37	东寨港(高潮滩) Dongzhai Harbour (High-tide bank)	8.82
	8. 瓶花木 Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea	0.66±0.04	4.58±0.19	清澜港(中高潮滩) Qianglan Harbour (Meso- and high-tide bank)	9.20
	9. 榄李 Lumnitzera racemosa	0.62±0.10	4.82±0.85	清澜港(中高潮滩) Qianglan Harbour (Meso- and high-tide bank)	9.20
	10. 红榄李 L. littorea	0.63±0.05	4.73±0.29	铁炉港(高潮滩) Tielu Harbour (High-tide bank)	5.34
	11. 海桑 Sonneratia caeseolaris	0.44±0.04	4.65±0.36	东寨港(中低潮滩) Dongzhai Harbour (Meso- and low-tide Bank)	5.81
	12. 拟海桑 S. × gulngai	0.35±0.10	3.59±0.39	东寨港(中低潮滩) Dongzhai Harbour (Meso- and low-tide Bank)	6.75
	13. 杯萼海桑 S. alba	0.43±0.14	4.15±0.58	东寨港(中低潮滩) Dongzhai Harbour (Meso- and low-tide Bank)	6.32
	14. 卵叶海桑 S. ovata	0.44±0.01	4.28±0.07	东寨港(高潮滩) Dongzhai Harbour (High-tide Bank)	5.11
	15. 白骨壤 Avicennia marina	0.28±0.04	2.82±0.19	东寨港(中低潮滩) Dongzhai Harbour (Meso- and low-tide Bank)	7.07
	16. 桐花树 Aegiceras corniculatum	0.25±0.03	2.81±0.05	东寨港(中低潮滩) Dongzhai Harbour (Meso- and low-tide Bank)	8.15
	平均值 Average	0.45±0.15	3.90±0.89		8.35±2.78
半红树植物 Semi-mangrove plants	17. 黄槿 Hibiscus tiliaceus	0.04±0.00	1.70±0.18	清澜港(高潮滩) Qinglan Harbour (High-tide bank)	0.59
	18. 水黄皮 Pongamia pinnata	0.02±0.00	0.81±0.11	清澜港(高潮滩) Qinglan Harbour (High-tide bank)	1.02
	19. 杨叶肖槿 Thespesia populnea	0.09±0.01	1.59±0.02	东寨港(高潮滩) Dongzhai Harbour (High-tide bank)	1.57
	20. 海滨猫尾木Dolichandrone spathaceae	0.03	1.38	清澜港(特大高潮滩) Qinglan Harbour (Megalo-tide bank)	0.50
	21. 阔苞菊 Pluchea indica	0.09±0.01	2.26±0.20	东寨港(特大高潮滩) Dongzhai Harbour (Megalo-tide bank)	2.00
	22. 玉蕊 Barringtonia racemosa	0.06±0.01	2.65±0.13	清澜港(高潮滩) Qinglan Harbour (High-tide bank)	1.57
	23. 海芒果 Cerbera manghas	0.036	3.23	清澜港(高潮滩) Qinglan Harbour (High-tide bank)	0.58
	24. 莲叶桐 Hernandia sonora	0.26	3.58	清澜港(高潮滩) Qinglan Harbour (High-tide bank)	-
类别 Groups	物种名 Plant species	单位叶面积Cl含量 Cl content per unit leaf area	肉质化程度 Succulence	取样地及分布潮滩 Site and tide	土壤Cl含量 Cl content of soil
	25. 许树 Clerodendrum inerme	0.39±0.12	3.75±0.93	东寨港(高潮滩) Qinglan Harbour (High-tide bank)	2.98
	26. 水芫花 Pemphis acidula	1.32	6.99	清澜港(高潮滩) Qinglan Harbour (High-tide bank)	-
	平均值Average	0.23±0.40	2.79±1.77		1.35±0.86
争议物种 Controversial species	27. 银叶树 Heritiera littoralis	0.06±0.00	1.88±0.19	清澜港(高潮滩) Qinglan Harbour (High-tide bank)	5.19
	28. 卤蕨 Acrostichum aureum	0.15±0.03	2.23±0.12	清澜港(高潮滩) Qinglan Harbour (High-tide bank)	2.97
	29. 尖叶卤蕨 A. speciosum	0.15±0.02	2.26±0.10	清澜港(高潮滩) Qinglan Harbour (High-tide bank)	1.77
	30. 海漆 Excoecaria agallocha	0.15±0.06	2.25±0.38	清澜港(高潮滩) Qinglan Harbour (High-tide bank)	2.82
	31. 木果楝 Xylocarpus granatum	0.29±0.03	2.72±0.12	清澜港(高潮滩) Qinglan Harbour (High-tide bank)	3.40
	32. 老鼠簕Acanthus ilicifolius	0.44	4.47	东寨港(高潮滩) Dongzhai Harbour (High-tide bank)	7.58
	33. 小花老鼠簕A. ebrecteatus	0.42	4.58	东寨港(高潮滩) Dongzhai Harbour (High-tide bank)	4.70
	样品总体平均值 Average in total	0.34±0.27	3.36±1.33		6.02±4.08

类别 Groups	物种名 Plant species	单位叶面积Cl含量 Cl content per unit leaf area	肉质化程度 Succulence	取样地及分布潮滩 Site and tide	土壤Cl含量 Cl content of soil
真红树植物 True mangrove plants	1. 红海榄 Rhizophora stylosa	0.65±0.04	5.03±0.02	东寨港(中潮滩) Dongzhai Harbour (Meso-tide bank)	8.36
	2. 正红树R. apiculata	0.57±0.06	4.68±0.27	清澜港(中高潮滩) Qianglan Harbour (Meso- and high-tide bank)	8.23
	3. 木榄 Bruguiera gymnorhiza	0.57±0.12	3.48±0.71	东寨港(中高潮滩) Dongzhai Harbour (Meso- and high-tide bank)	10.04
	4. 海莲 B. sexangula	0.31±0.02	2.41±0.30	东寨港(中高潮滩) Dongzhai Harbour (Meso- and high-tide bank)	15.56
	5. 尖瓣海莲 B. sexangula var. rhynchopetala	0.29±0.02	2.53±0.27	东寨港(中高潮滩) Dongzhai Harbour (Meso- and high-tide bank)	13.04
	6. 秋茄 Kandelia obovata	0.26±0.03	3.43±0.08	东寨港(中潮滩) Dongzhai Harbour (Meso-tide bank)	6.6
	7. 角果木 Ceriops tagal	0.47±0.16	4.39±1.37	东寨港(高潮滩) Dongzhai Harbour (High-tide bank)	8.82
	8. 瓶花木 Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea	0.66±0.04	4.58±0.19	清澜港(中高潮滩) Qianglan Harbour (Meso- and high-tide bank)	9.20
	9. 榄李 Lumnitzera racemosa	0.62±0.10	4.82±0.85	清澜港(中高潮滩) Qianglan Harbour (Meso- and high-tide bank)	9.20
	10. 红榄李 L. littorea	0.63±0.05	4.73±0.29	铁炉港(高潮滩) Tielu Harbour (High-tide bank)	5.34
	11. 海桑 Sonneratia caeseolaris	0.44±0.04	4.65±0.36	东寨港(中低潮滩) Dongzhai Harbour (Meso- and low-tide Bank)	5.81
	12. 拟海桑 S. × gulngai	0.35±0.10	3.59±0.39	东寨港(中低潮滩) Dongzhai Harbour (Meso- and low-tide Bank)	6.75
	13. 杯萼海桑 S. alba	0.43±0.14	4.15±0.58	东寨港(中低潮滩) Dongzhai Harbour (Meso- and low-tide Bank)	6.32
	14. 卵叶海桑 S. ovata	0.44±0.01	4.28±0.07	东寨港(高潮滩) Dongzhai Harbour (High-tide Bank)	5.11
	15. 白骨壤 Avicennia marina	0.28±0.04	2.82±0.19	东寨港(中低潮滩) Dongzhai Harbour (Meso- and low-tide Bank)	7.07
	16. 桐花树 Aegiceras corniculatum	0.25±0.03	2.81±0.05	东寨港(中低潮滩) Dongzhai Harbour (Meso- and low-tide Bank)	8.15
	平均值 Average	0.45±0.15	3.90±0.89		8.35±2.78
半红树植物 Semi-mangrove plants	17. 黄槿 Hibiscus tiliaceus	0.04±0.00	1.70±0.18	清澜港(高潮滩) Qinglan Harbour (High-tide bank)	0.59
	18. 水黄皮 Pongamia pinnata	0.02±0.00	0.81±0.11	清澜港(高潮滩) Qinglan Harbour (High-tide bank)	1.02
	19. 杨叶肖槿 Thespesia populnea	0.09±0.01	1.59±0.02	东寨港(高潮滩) Dongzhai Harbour (High-tide bank)	1.57
	20. 海滨猫尾木Dolichandrone spathaceae	0.03	1.38	清澜港(特大高潮滩) Qinglan Harbour (Megalo-tide bank)	0.50
	21. 阔苞菊 Pluchea indica	0.09±0.01	2.26±0.20	东寨港(特大高潮滩) Dongzhai Harbour (Megalo-tide bank)	2.00
	22. 玉蕊 Barringtonia racemosa	0.06±0.01	2.65±0.13	清澜港(高潮滩) Qinglan Harbour (High-tide bank)	1.57
	23. 海芒果 Cerbera manghas	0.036	3.23	清澜港(高潮滩) Qinglan Harbour (High-tide bank)	0.58
	24. 莲叶桐 Hernandia sonora	0.26	3.58	清澜港(高潮滩) Qinglan Harbour (High-tide bank)	-
类别 Groups	物种名 Plant species	单位叶面积Cl含量 Cl content per unit leaf area	肉质化程度 Succulence	取样地及分布潮滩 Site and tide	土壤Cl含量 Cl content of soil
	25. 许树 Clerodendrum inerme	0.39±0.12	3.75±0.93	东寨港(高潮滩) Qinglan Harbour (High-tide bank)	2.98
	26. 水芫花 Pemphis acidula	1.32	6.99	清澜港(高潮滩) Qinglan Harbour (High-tide bank)	-
	平均值Average	0.23±0.40	2.79±1.77		1.35±0.86
争议物种 Controversial species	27. 银叶树 Heritiera littoralis	0.06±0.00	1.88±0.19	清澜港(高潮滩) Qinglan Harbour (High-tide bank)	5.19
	28. 卤蕨 Acrostichum aureum	0.15±0.03	2.23±0.12	清澜港(高潮滩) Qinglan Harbour (High-tide bank)	2.97
	29. 尖叶卤蕨 A. speciosum	0.15±0.02	2.26±0.10	清澜港(高潮滩) Qinglan Harbour (High-tide bank)	1.77
	30. 海漆 Excoecaria agallocha	0.15±0.06	2.25±0.38	清澜港(高潮滩) Qinglan Harbour (High-tide bank)	2.82
	31. 木果楝 Xylocarpus granatum	0.29±0.03	2.72±0.12	清澜港(高潮滩) Qinglan Harbour (High-tide bank)	3.40
	32. 老鼠簕Acanthus ilicifolius	0.44	4.47	东寨港(高潮滩) Dongzhai Harbour (High-tide bank)	7.58
	33. 小花老鼠簕A. ebrecteatus	0.42	4.58	东寨港(高潮滩) Dongzhai Harbour (High-tide bank)	4.70
	样品总体平均值 Average in total	0.34±0.27	3.36±1.33		6.02±4.08

类别 Groups	物种 Plant species	单位重量叶氮含量 N_mass(mg·g^-1)	单位面积叶氮含量 N_area(g·m^-2)
真红树植物 True mangrove plants	1. 红海榄Rhizophora stylosa	14.22±1.35	2.83±0.03
	2. 正红树 Rhizophora apiculata	12.13±2.30	2.77±0.04
	3. 木榄 Bruguiera gymnorhiza	15.11±2.04	2.17±0.00
	4. 海莲 B. sexangula	13.19±0.44	1.98±0.04
	5. 尖瓣海莲 B. sexangula var. rhynchopetala	13.92±1.17	1.66±0.02
	6. 秋茄 Kandelia obovata	18.96±1.58	2.96±0.03
	7. 角果木 Ceriops tagal	8.56±0.93	2.12±0.05
	8. 瓶花木 Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea	10.06±1.43	1.24±0.02
	9. 榄李 Lumnitzera racemosa	14.03±1.67	1.51±0.01
	10. 红榄李 L. littorea	9.56±0.84	1.57±0.01
	11. 海桑 Sonneratia caeseolaris	26.66±0.92	3.04±0.04
	12. 拟海桑 S. × gulngai	24.99±2.89	2.69±0.06
	13. 杯萼海桑 S. alba	30.89±1.53	4.10±0.03
	14. 卵叶海桑 S. ovata	13.00±0.97	1.73±0.01
	15. 白骨壤 Avicennia marina	22.86±1.37	3.14±0.02
	16. 桐花树 Aegiceras corniculatum	13.35±0.51	2.02±0.01
	平均值 Average	16.34±6.60	2.35±0.77
半红树植物 Semi-mangrove plants	17. 黄槿 Hibiscus tiliaceus	25.95±1.74	2.02±0.01
	18. 水黄皮 Pongamia pinnata	36.07±6.41	1.81±0.03
	19. 杨叶肖槿 Thespesia populnea	15.93±1.81	1.11±0.00
	20. 海滨猫尾木Dolichandrone spathaceae	29.02	1.36
	21. 阔苞菊 Pluchea indica	30.22±3.41	1.74±0.01
	22. 玉蕊 Barringtonia racemosa	23.69±1.18	1.64±0.01
	23. 海芒果 Cerbera manghas	36.46	1.6
	24. 莲叶桐 Hernandia sonora	24.94	1.86
	25. 许树 Clerodendrum inerme	24.58±2.81	1.60±0.03
	26. 水芫花 Pemphis acidula	15.93	1.78
	平均值 Average	26.28±7.06	1.51±0.54
争议树种 Controversial species	27. 银叶树 Heritiera littoralis	16.68±0.62	2.36±0.04
	28. 卤蕨 Acrostichum aureum	16.14±1.32	1.52±0.05
	29. 尖叶卤蕨 A. speciosum	22.24±2.03	1.55±0.01
	30. 海漆 Excoecaria agallocha	23.14±2.06	1.80±0.03
	31. 木果楝 Xylocarpus granatum	22.82±1.43	1.82±0.02
	32. 老鼠 Acanthus ilicifolius	21.96	2.21
	33. 小花老鼠 A. ebrecteatus	18.93	1.74
	样品总体平均值 Average in total	20.19±7.42	1.99±0.72

类别 Groups	物种 Plant species	单位重量叶氮含量 N_mass(mg·g^-1)	单位面积叶氮含量 N_area(g·m^-2)
真红树植物 True mangrove plants	1. 红海榄Rhizophora stylosa	14.22±1.35	2.83±0.03
	2. 正红树 Rhizophora apiculata	12.13±2.30	2.77±0.04
	3. 木榄 Bruguiera gymnorhiza	15.11±2.04	2.17±0.00
	4. 海莲 B. sexangula	13.19±0.44	1.98±0.04
	5. 尖瓣海莲 B. sexangula var. rhynchopetala	13.92±1.17	1.66±0.02
	6. 秋茄 Kandelia obovata	18.96±1.58	2.96±0.03
	7. 角果木 Ceriops tagal	8.56±0.93	2.12±0.05
	8. 瓶花木 Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea	10.06±1.43	1.24±0.02
	9. 榄李 Lumnitzera racemosa	14.03±1.67	1.51±0.01
	10. 红榄李 L. littorea	9.56±0.84	1.57±0.01
	11. 海桑 Sonneratia caeseolaris	26.66±0.92	3.04±0.04
	12. 拟海桑 S. × gulngai	24.99±2.89	2.69±0.06
	13. 杯萼海桑 S. alba	30.89±1.53	4.10±0.03
	14. 卵叶海桑 S. ovata	13.00±0.97	1.73±0.01
	15. 白骨壤 Avicennia marina	22.86±1.37	3.14±0.02
	16. 桐花树 Aegiceras corniculatum	13.35±0.51	2.02±0.01
	平均值 Average	16.34±6.60	2.35±0.77
半红树植物 Semi-mangrove plants	17. 黄槿 Hibiscus tiliaceus	25.95±1.74	2.02±0.01
	18. 水黄皮 Pongamia pinnata	36.07±6.41	1.81±0.03
	19. 杨叶肖槿 Thespesia populnea	15.93±1.81	1.11±0.00
	20. 海滨猫尾木Dolichandrone spathaceae	29.02	1.36
	21. 阔苞菊 Pluchea indica	30.22±3.41	1.74±0.01
	22. 玉蕊 Barringtonia racemosa	23.69±1.18	1.64±0.01
	23. 海芒果 Cerbera manghas	36.46	1.6
	24. 莲叶桐 Hernandia sonora	24.94	1.86
	25. 许树 Clerodendrum inerme	24.58±2.81	1.60±0.03
	26. 水芫花 Pemphis acidula	15.93	1.78
	平均值 Average	26.28±7.06	1.51±0.54
争议树种 Controversial species	27. 银叶树 Heritiera littoralis	16.68±0.62	2.36±0.04
	28. 卤蕨 Acrostichum aureum	16.14±1.32	1.52±0.05
	29. 尖叶卤蕨 A. speciosum	22.24±2.03	1.55±0.01
	30. 海漆 Excoecaria agallocha	23.14±2.06	1.80±0.03
	31. 木果楝 Xylocarpus granatum	22.82±1.43	1.82±0.02
	32. 老鼠 Acanthus ilicifolius	21.96	2.21
	33. 小花老鼠 A. ebrecteatus	18.93	1.74
	样品总体平均值 Average in total	20.19±7.42	1.99±0.72