Chin J Plant Ecol ›› 2017, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (6): 683-692.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0136
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Rui GUO1,2,*(), Ji ZHOU3, Fan YANG4, Feng LI1
Received:
2017-04-05
Accepted:
2016-04-14
Online:
2017-06-10
Published:
2017-07-19
Contact:
Rui GUO
About author:
KANG Jing-yao(1991-), E-mail: Rui GUO, Ji ZHOU, Fan YANG, Feng LI. Metabolic responses of wheat roots to alkaline stress[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2017, 41(6): 683-692.
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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2016.0136
处理 Treatment | 碱浓度 Alkaline concentration (mmol·L-1) | 电导率 EC (dS·m-1) | 渗透势 Osmotic potential (MPa) | pH值 pH value |
---|---|---|---|---|
对照 Control | 0 | 2.16 | -0.05 | 6.95 |
碱胁迫 Alkaline stress | 50 | 4.98 | -0.28 | 9.69 |
100 | 9.21 | -0.51 | 9.92 |
Table 1 The electrical conductivity (EC), pH value and osmotic potential of salinity stress treatment solutions
处理 Treatment | 碱浓度 Alkaline concentration (mmol·L-1) | 电导率 EC (dS·m-1) | 渗透势 Osmotic potential (MPa) | pH值 pH value |
---|---|---|---|---|
对照 Control | 0 | 2.16 | -0.05 | 6.95 |
碱胁迫 Alkaline stress | 50 | 4.98 | -0.28 | 9.69 |
100 | 9.21 | -0.51 | 9.92 |
Fig. 1 Effects of alkaline concentration on root relative growth rate (RGR) and absolute water content (AWC) (mean ± SE, n = 5). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among the various treatments (p < 0.05).
处理 Treatment | 碱胁迫浓度 Alkaline concentration (mmol) | 矿质元素 Metal elements (mmol·g-1 dry mass) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Na | K | Ca | Mg | Cu | Fe | Zn | Mn | ||
对照 Control | 0 | 4.25 ± 1.01b | 69.90 ± 3.03a | 17.11 ± 1.01b | 7.80 ± 0.29a | 1.25 ± 0.04a | 1.56 ± 0.08a | 0.07 ± 0.01a | 0.06 ± 0.00a |
碱胁迫 Alkaline stress | 50 | 15.89 ± 2.06 ab | 45.20 ± 1.54b | 20.53 ± 1.00b | 6.01 ± 0.16b | 1.02 ± 0.02a | 1.26 ± 0.03a | 0.05 ± 0.00b | 0.05 ± 0.00a |
100 | 19.09 ± 2.11a | 16.83 ± 1.02c | 32.85 ± 1.30a | 4.96 ± 0.47c | 0.55 ± 0.03b | 0.84 ± 0.05b | 0.03 ± 0.00c | 0.06 ± 0.00a |
Table 2 Effects of alkaline stress on the contents of metal elements in the roots of wheat seedlings (mean ± SE, n = 5)
处理 Treatment | 碱胁迫浓度 Alkaline concentration (mmol) | 矿质元素 Metal elements (mmol·g-1 dry mass) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Na | K | Ca | Mg | Cu | Fe | Zn | Mn | ||
对照 Control | 0 | 4.25 ± 1.01b | 69.90 ± 3.03a | 17.11 ± 1.01b | 7.80 ± 0.29a | 1.25 ± 0.04a | 1.56 ± 0.08a | 0.07 ± 0.01a | 0.06 ± 0.00a |
碱胁迫 Alkaline stress | 50 | 15.89 ± 2.06 ab | 45.20 ± 1.54b | 20.53 ± 1.00b | 6.01 ± 0.16b | 1.02 ± 0.02a | 1.26 ± 0.03a | 0.05 ± 0.00b | 0.05 ± 0.00a |
100 | 19.09 ± 2.11a | 16.83 ± 1.02c | 32.85 ± 1.30a | 4.96 ± 0.47c | 0.55 ± 0.03b | 0.84 ± 0.05b | 0.03 ± 0.00c | 0.06 ± 0.00a |
处理 Treatment | 碱胁迫浓度 Alkaline concentration (mmol) | 阴离子 Anions (mmol·g-1 dry mass) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cl- | NO3- | H2PO4- | SO42- | ||
对照 Control | 0 | 0.12 ± 0.01a | 0.41 ± 0.02a | 0.05 ± 0.00a | 0.03 ± 0.00a |
碱胁迫 Alkaline stress | 50 | 0.09 ± 0.00b | 0.34 ± 0.01b | 0.03 ± 0.01b | 0.02 ± 0.00a |
100 | 0.04 ± 0.01c | 0.07 ± 0.00c | 0.02 ± 0.00b | 0.03 ± 0.00a |
Table 3 Effects of alkaline stress on the contents of Cl-, NO3-, H2PO4-, SO42- in the roots of wheat seedlings (mean ± SE, n = 5).
处理 Treatment | 碱胁迫浓度 Alkaline concentration (mmol) | 阴离子 Anions (mmol·g-1 dry mass) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cl- | NO3- | H2PO4- | SO42- | ||
对照 Control | 0 | 0.12 ± 0.01a | 0.41 ± 0.02a | 0.05 ± 0.00a | 0.03 ± 0.00a |
碱胁迫 Alkaline stress | 50 | 0.09 ± 0.00b | 0.34 ± 0.01b | 0.03 ± 0.01b | 0.02 ± 0.00a |
100 | 0.04 ± 0.01c | 0.07 ± 0.00c | 0.02 ± 0.00b | 0.03 ± 0.00a |
Fig. 2 SIMCA analyzed score plots showing the metabolomic trajectory of roots of wheat seedlings under different salinity concentration treatments. Principal component analysis (PCA) score plots (A). Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) scores: CK vs. AS-50 mmol·L-1 (B) and CK vs. AS-100 mmol·L-1 (C).
代谢路径和代谢物名称 Metabolic pathways and metabolites | 相对含量 Relative concentration | 倍性变量Fold changes | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | AS-50 mmol | AS-100 mmol | log2(50/CK) | log2(100/CK) | ||
三羧酸循环 Tricarboxylic acid cycle | 柠檬酸 Citric acid | 75.73 | 150.14 | 231.23 | 0.99* | 1.61** |
乌头酸 Aconitic acid | 1.34 | 1.70 | 5.13 | 0.34 | 1.93** | |
α-酮戊二酸 α-ketoglutaric acid | 0.18 | 0.33 | 0.85 | 0.89 | 2.23** | |
琥珀酸 Succinic acid | 19.05 | 61.45 | 120.69 | 1.69** | 2.66** | |
延胡索酸 Fumaric acid | 1.34 | 1.56 | 9.63 | 0.23 | 2.85** | |
苹果酸 Malic acid | 10.47 | 23.10 | 30.35 | 1.14* | 1.54** | |
糖酵解过程 Glycolysis | 葡萄糖 Glucose | 26.37 | 13.67 | 7.91 | -0.95* | -1.74** |
葡萄糖-6-磷酸 Fructose-6-phosphate | 0.57 | 0.25 | 0.08 | -1.16* | -2.75** | |
果糖-6-磷酸 Glucose-6-phosphate | 0.22 | 0.13 | 0.04 | -0.80 | -2.58** | |
3-磷酸甘油酸 3-phosphoglyceric acid | 0.50 | 0.34 | 0.11 | -0.57 | -2.19** | |
丙酮酸 Pyruvate | 0.54 | 0.50 | 0.31 | -0.10 | -0.81 | |
磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸 Enolphosphopyruvate | 0.73 | 0.61 | 0.22 | -0.26 | -1.74** | |
莽草酸途径 Shikimic path way | 莽草酸 Shikimic acid | 1.84 | 1.22 | 3.84 | -0.60 | 1.06* |
奎尼酸 Quinic acid | 4.17 | 6.17 | 23.11 | 0.58 | 2.47** | |
苯丙氨酸 Phenylalanine | 0.65 | 0.17 | 0.11 | -1.91* | -2.60** | |
色氨酸 Tryptophan | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.02 | -0.71 | -1.45* | |
酪氨酸 Tyrosine | 1.59 | 0.03 | 0.02 | -4.18** | -6.57** | |
肉桂酸 Cinnamic acid | 0.25 | 0.15 | 0.12 | -0.77 | -1.12* | |
细胞膜脂代谢 Metabolism of plasma membrane | 肌醇 Myo-inositol | 19.17 | 9.63 | 3.07 | -0.99* | -2.64** |
甘氨酸 Glycine | 0.74 | 0.34 | 0.12 | -1.56** | -2.69** | |
丝氨酸 Serine | 17.83 | 9.56 | 1.64 | -0.90* | -3.44** | |
乙醇胺 Ethanolamine | 20.23 | 11.31 | 3.26 | -0.84* | -2.63** | |
氨基酸 Amino acid | γ-氨基丁酸 γ-aminobutyric acid | 137.19 | 41.77 | 23.92 | -1.72** | -2.52** |
丙氨酸 Alanine | 106.58 | 56.88 | 10.64 | -0.91* | -3.32** | |
谷氨酸 Glutamate | 24.93 | 13.73 | 8.40 | -0.86* | -1.57** | |
天冬酰胺 Asparagine | 12.65 | 4.38 | 0.91 | -1.53** | -3.79** | |
天冬氨酸 Aspartic acid | 7.60 | 4.06 | 3.34 | -0.90* | -1.19* | |
脯氨酸 Proline | 10.04 | 15.47 | 11.57 | 0.62 | 0.20 | |
赖氨酸 Lysine | 17.32 | 0.33 | 0.11 | -5.72** | -7.26** | |
糖类及多元醇 Sugars and polyols | 果糖 Fructose | 814.31 | 574.62 | 173.68 | -0.78* | -2.23** |
蔗糖 Sucrose | 136.11 | 92.04 | 65.17 | -0.56 | -1.06* | |
塔罗糖 Talose | 114.17 | 75.07 | 23.13 | -0.60 | -2.30** | |
蔗果三糖 Kestose | 57.63 | 42.47 | 19.69 | -0.44 | -1.55** | |
核糖 Ribose | 8.24 | 4.25 | 1.38 | -0.96* | -2.58** |
Table 4 Relative concentration and changes of major metabolites in roots of wheat seedlings after alkaline stress treatment
代谢路径和代谢物名称 Metabolic pathways and metabolites | 相对含量 Relative concentration | 倍性变量Fold changes | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | AS-50 mmol | AS-100 mmol | log2(50/CK) | log2(100/CK) | ||
三羧酸循环 Tricarboxylic acid cycle | 柠檬酸 Citric acid | 75.73 | 150.14 | 231.23 | 0.99* | 1.61** |
乌头酸 Aconitic acid | 1.34 | 1.70 | 5.13 | 0.34 | 1.93** | |
α-酮戊二酸 α-ketoglutaric acid | 0.18 | 0.33 | 0.85 | 0.89 | 2.23** | |
琥珀酸 Succinic acid | 19.05 | 61.45 | 120.69 | 1.69** | 2.66** | |
延胡索酸 Fumaric acid | 1.34 | 1.56 | 9.63 | 0.23 | 2.85** | |
苹果酸 Malic acid | 10.47 | 23.10 | 30.35 | 1.14* | 1.54** | |
糖酵解过程 Glycolysis | 葡萄糖 Glucose | 26.37 | 13.67 | 7.91 | -0.95* | -1.74** |
葡萄糖-6-磷酸 Fructose-6-phosphate | 0.57 | 0.25 | 0.08 | -1.16* | -2.75** | |
果糖-6-磷酸 Glucose-6-phosphate | 0.22 | 0.13 | 0.04 | -0.80 | -2.58** | |
3-磷酸甘油酸 3-phosphoglyceric acid | 0.50 | 0.34 | 0.11 | -0.57 | -2.19** | |
丙酮酸 Pyruvate | 0.54 | 0.50 | 0.31 | -0.10 | -0.81 | |
磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸 Enolphosphopyruvate | 0.73 | 0.61 | 0.22 | -0.26 | -1.74** | |
莽草酸途径 Shikimic path way | 莽草酸 Shikimic acid | 1.84 | 1.22 | 3.84 | -0.60 | 1.06* |
奎尼酸 Quinic acid | 4.17 | 6.17 | 23.11 | 0.58 | 2.47** | |
苯丙氨酸 Phenylalanine | 0.65 | 0.17 | 0.11 | -1.91* | -2.60** | |
色氨酸 Tryptophan | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.02 | -0.71 | -1.45* | |
酪氨酸 Tyrosine | 1.59 | 0.03 | 0.02 | -4.18** | -6.57** | |
肉桂酸 Cinnamic acid | 0.25 | 0.15 | 0.12 | -0.77 | -1.12* | |
细胞膜脂代谢 Metabolism of plasma membrane | 肌醇 Myo-inositol | 19.17 | 9.63 | 3.07 | -0.99* | -2.64** |
甘氨酸 Glycine | 0.74 | 0.34 | 0.12 | -1.56** | -2.69** | |
丝氨酸 Serine | 17.83 | 9.56 | 1.64 | -0.90* | -3.44** | |
乙醇胺 Ethanolamine | 20.23 | 11.31 | 3.26 | -0.84* | -2.63** | |
氨基酸 Amino acid | γ-氨基丁酸 γ-aminobutyric acid | 137.19 | 41.77 | 23.92 | -1.72** | -2.52** |
丙氨酸 Alanine | 106.58 | 56.88 | 10.64 | -0.91* | -3.32** | |
谷氨酸 Glutamate | 24.93 | 13.73 | 8.40 | -0.86* | -1.57** | |
天冬酰胺 Asparagine | 12.65 | 4.38 | 0.91 | -1.53** | -3.79** | |
天冬氨酸 Aspartic acid | 7.60 | 4.06 | 3.34 | -0.90* | -1.19* | |
脯氨酸 Proline | 10.04 | 15.47 | 11.57 | 0.62 | 0.20 | |
赖氨酸 Lysine | 17.32 | 0.33 | 0.11 | -5.72** | -7.26** | |
糖类及多元醇 Sugars and polyols | 果糖 Fructose | 814.31 | 574.62 | 173.68 | -0.78* | -2.23** |
蔗糖 Sucrose | 136.11 | 92.04 | 65.17 | -0.56 | -1.06* | |
塔罗糖 Talose | 114.17 | 75.07 | 23.13 | -0.60 | -2.30** | |
蔗果三糖 Kestose | 57.63 | 42.47 | 19.69 | -0.44 | -1.55** | |
核糖 Ribose | 8.24 | 4.25 | 1.38 | -0.96* | -2.58** |
Fig. 3 Proposed metabolic network changes for wheat roots upon alkaline stress obtained from OPLS-DA analysis. The metabolite with white boxes denotes no significant change while red boxes denotes significant increases and green ones denotes significant decreases (p < 0.05).
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