Effects of elevated CO2 concentration on root and needle anatomy and physiological functions in Pinus koraiensis seedlings

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2015.0273

Abstract

Abstract: AimsThe impacts of CO₂concentration on the anatomy and physiology of plant roots have rarely been studied. Here we studied the effects of elevated CO₂on anatomical and physiological traits of needles and root tips in Pinus koraiensis seedlings. Our objectives were: 1) to examine how the anatomy of needles and root tips change under doubled CO₂ concentration treatment; and 2) to explore physiological responses of needles and root tips to the rising CO₂ concentration; and 3) to reveal potential relationships of physiological trait changes between needles and root tips.MethodsThree-year-old seedlings of P. koraiensis were grown in CO₂ chambers under doubled and ambient CO₂concentrations (350 and 700 µmol·mol^-1). Physiological traits of needles were measured by the LI-6400 portable photosynthesis system during the experiment. After 5 months, needles and root tips were sampled to determine their anatomical characteristics. Theoretical hydraulic conductivity of needles and root tips were calculated based on the Hagen-Poiseuille’s Law.Important findings Elevated CO₂ concentration had a significant influence on the anatomical characteristics of needles and root tips in P. koraiensis seedlings. Under doubled CO₂ concentration, needles had a lower stomatal desnity, greater areas of leaf mesophyll, phloem and xylem. In comparision, root tips under doubled CO₂ concentration had a larger diameter, a greater cortical thickness and a larger number of cortical cell layer. Physiological traits of needles and root tips also changed substantially under the elevated CO₂ concentration, such as increases in needle photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency, xylem cavitation resistance of roots, as well as decreases in stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and root hydraulic conductivity. These results suggest that the anatomical structure and physiological function of leaf and root respond simultaneously to elevated CO₂ concentration. Future studies should not only focus on the impact of global climate change on aboveground organs and fuctions, but also to the belowground counterparts.

http://jtp.cnki.net/bilingual/detail/html/ZWSB201601006

Key words: anatomical structure, atmospheric CO2 concentration, needles, roots, global change

WANG Na, ZHANG Yun, QIAN Wen-Li, WANG Zheng-Quan, GU Jia-Cun. Effects of elevated CO₂ concentration on root and needle anatomy and physiological functions in Pinus koraiensis seedlings[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2016, 40(1): 60-68.

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References 39

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	CO₂浓度 CO₂ concentration		p
	350 µmol·mol^-1	700 µmol·mol^-1	p
气孔密度 Stomatal density (No.·mm^-2)	66.78 ± 1.85	56.83 ± 1.61	< 0.01
叶横截面积 Needle cross section area (mm²)	0.37 ± 0.02	0.44 ± 0.01	< 0.01
叶肉组织面积 Mesophyll tissue area (mm²)	0.26 ± 0.01	0.30 ± 0.01	< 0.05
叶肉细胞面积 Mesophyll cell area (µm²)	2 306.63 ± 69.97	2 501.67 ± 46.92	< 0.05
木质部面积 Xylem area (µm²)	3 817.96 ± 101.06	4 412.13 ± 126.86	< 0.01
韧皮部面积 Phloem area (µm²)	4 031.57 ± 152.95	5 534.15 ± 275.95	< 0.01
中柱直径 Central cylinder diameter (µm)	254.14 ± 8.31	277.55 ± 6.35	< 0.05
管胞数 Tracheid number (No.)	47.87 ± 1.85	50.60 ± 1.20	0.23
管胞直径 Tracheid diameter (µm)	6.53 ± 0.09	6.62 ± 0.14	0.62
管胞密度 Tracheid density (No.·µm^-2)	0.001 ± 0.000 06	0.000 8 ± 0.000 05	< 0.05
管胞壁厚度 Tracheid wall thickness (µm)	0.68 ± 0.01	0.87 ± 0.02	< 0.01
表皮和下皮厚度 Epidermis plus hypodermis thickness (µm)	1.54 ± 0.03	1.67 ± 0.04	< 0.05

	CO₂浓度 CO₂ concentration		p
	350 µmol·mol^-1	700 µmol·mol^-1	p
气孔密度 Stomatal density (No.·mm^-2)	66.78 ± 1.85	56.83 ± 1.61	< 0.01
叶横截面积 Needle cross section area (mm²)	0.37 ± 0.02	0.44 ± 0.01	< 0.01
叶肉组织面积 Mesophyll tissue area (mm²)	0.26 ± 0.01	0.30 ± 0.01	< 0.05
叶肉细胞面积 Mesophyll cell area (µm²)	2 306.63 ± 69.97	2 501.67 ± 46.92	< 0.05
木质部面积 Xylem area (µm²)	3 817.96 ± 101.06	4 412.13 ± 126.86	< 0.01
韧皮部面积 Phloem area (µm²)	4 031.57 ± 152.95	5 534.15 ± 275.95	< 0.01
中柱直径 Central cylinder diameter (µm)	254.14 ± 8.31	277.55 ± 6.35	< 0.05
管胞数 Tracheid number (No.)	47.87 ± 1.85	50.60 ± 1.20	0.23
管胞直径 Tracheid diameter (µm)	6.53 ± 0.09	6.62 ± 0.14	0.62
管胞密度 Tracheid density (No.·µm^-2)	0.001 ± 0.000 06	0.000 8 ± 0.000 05	< 0.05
管胞壁厚度 Tracheid wall thickness (µm)	0.68 ± 0.01	0.87 ± 0.02	< 0.01
表皮和下皮厚度 Epidermis plus hypodermis thickness (µm)	1.54 ± 0.03	1.67 ± 0.04	< 0.05

	CO₂浓度 CO₂concentration		p
	350 µmol·mol^-1	700 µmol·mol^-1	p
根尖直径 Root tips diameter (µm)	400.68 ± 10.90	453.79 ± 15.94	< 0.01
中柱直径 Stele diameter (µm)	216.23 ± 7.59	228.83 ± 12.13	0.38
皮层层数 Cortical layer number (No.)	4.77 ± 0.11	5.87 ± 0.12	< 0.01
皮层厚度 Cortical thickness (µm)	79.39 ± 2.11	99.19 ± 2.88	< 0.01
皮层细胞面积 Cortical cell area (µm²)	464.17 ± 18.06	525.72 ± 21.36	< 0.05
管胞数 Tracheid number (No.)	25.23 ± 0.76	24.03 ± 0.81	0.28
管胞直径 Tracheid diameter (µm)	12.18 ± 0.21	11.41 ± 0.21	< 0.05
管胞密度 Tracheid density (No.·µm^-2)	0.0008 ± 0.00006	0.0007 ± 0.00006	0.09
管胞壁厚度 Tracheid wall thickness (µm)	0.92 ± 0.02	1.08 ± 0.03	< 0.01

	CO₂浓度 CO₂concentration		p
	350 µmol·mol^-1	700 µmol·mol^-1	p
根尖直径 Root tips diameter (µm)	400.68 ± 10.90	453.79 ± 15.94	< 0.01
中柱直径 Stele diameter (µm)	216.23 ± 7.59	228.83 ± 12.13	0.38
皮层层数 Cortical layer number (No.)	4.77 ± 0.11	5.87 ± 0.12	< 0.01
皮层厚度 Cortical thickness (µm)	79.39 ± 2.11	99.19 ± 2.88	< 0.01
皮层细胞面积 Cortical cell area (µm²)	464.17 ± 18.06	525.72 ± 21.36	< 0.05
管胞数 Tracheid number (No.)	25.23 ± 0.76	24.03 ± 0.81	0.28
管胞直径 Tracheid diameter (µm)	12.18 ± 0.21	11.41 ± 0.21	< 0.05
管胞密度 Tracheid density (No.·µm^-2)	0.0008 ± 0.00006	0.0007 ± 0.00006	0.09
管胞壁厚度 Tracheid wall thickness (µm)	0.92 ± 0.02	1.08 ± 0.03	< 0.01

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Effects of elevated CO₂ concentration on root and needle anatomy and physiological functions in Pinus koraiensis seedlings

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