Responses of ecosystem multifunctionality to global change: progress, problem and prospect

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2020.0074

Abstract

Abstract:

Global change has exerted profound impacts on ecosystem function, such as variations in plant productivity and imbalances in nutrient cycling. Previous studies mostly focused on the impacts of global change on individual functions. However, ecosystems have multiple functions, known as ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF), such that the evaluation based on a single functionality is inappropriate to reflect the overall performance of ecosystems due to the occurrence of trade-offs or synergies among the differential functions. This imposes limitation to our understanding of the effects of global change on ecosystems. Since the initial quantitative study of EMF by Hector and Bagchi in 2007, this field of research has undergone rapid development and the environmental impacts on EMF have received wide attention with intensification of global change. In order to gain systematic understanding of the progress in EMF studies, we conducted a bibliometric analysis for the period 2007-2020 based on CNKI and ISI Web of Science databases. This paper provides a brief description of the development in EMF research and summary of studies concerning the impacts of land use change, warming, changes in precipitation, and nitrogen deposition on EMF. We raised six issues of further attention in future studies of EMF in the context of global change, including (1) requirement of consensus in EMF indices and evaluation method; (2) consideration on the interactive effects among different factors on EMF; (3) elucidation of EMF responses to global change across various temporal scales; (4) understanding of the relationships between multi-dimensional, multi-scale biodiversity and EMF; (5) understanding of the relationships between multiple trophic diversity and EMF; and (6) understanding of the relationships between root functional traits and EMF.

Key words: global change, ecosystem multifunctionality, land use change, warming, changes in precipitation, nitrogen deposition

ZHANG Hong-Jin, WANG Wei. Responses of ecosystem multifunctionality to global change: progress, problem and prospect[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2021, 45(10): 1112-1126.

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2021/V45/I10/1112

Figures/Tables 5

Fig. 1 Bibliometric analysis of ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF). A, The number of global studies published during 2007-2020. B, The number of studies published by continents. C, The number of studies conducted by ecosystem types. D, The proportion of studies concerning different global change factors. The orange column represents EMF researches related to global change, and the combination of orange and blue columns represents the total number of EMF publications.

Fig. 2 Conceptual framework of ecosystem multifunctionality responses to global change factors (Referenced from Giling et al., 2019).

Fig. 3 Indicators of ecosystem function and their applications in literature. A, Carbon cycle indicators with the proportion of literature appearance greater than 10%. The main panel displays values without considering journal impact factor, and the insert displays values considering the journal impact factor. AGB, aboveground biomass; BG, β-1,4-glucosidase; BGB, belowground biomass; LD, litter decomposition; SOC, soil organic carbon. B, Carbon cycle indicators with the proportion of literature appearance between 5% and 10%, without considering journal impact factor. AC, aromatic compounds; AMF, arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi; BC, β-D-cellobiosidase; DOC, dissolved organic carbon; He, hexose; MBC, microbial biomass carbon; Pe, pentose; Ph, phenolic compounds; SOM, soil organic matter; SR, soil respiration. C, Nitrogen cycle indicators with the proportion of literature appearance greater than 10%. The main panel displays values without considering journal impact factor, and the insert displays values considering journal impact factor. AvN, available nitrogen; NH4+, ammonium; NO3-, nitrate; PN, plant nitrogen content; STN, soil total nitrogen. D, Nitrogen cycle indicators with the proportion of literature appearance between 5% and 10%, without considering journal impact factor. AA, amino acid; AR, ammoniation rate; LAP, leucine aminopeptidase; NAG, β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase; NMR, nitrogen mineralization rate; NR, nitrification rate; SP, soil protein; Ur, urease. E, Phosphorus cycle and water cycle indicators with the proportion of literature appearance greater than 5%. The insert displays values of the phosphorus cycle indicators with the proportion of literature appearance greater than 10%, considering journal impact factor. AvP, available phosphorus; PP, plant phosphorus content; Ps, phosphatase; SIP, soil inorganic phosphorus; SM, soil moisture; STP, soil total phosphorus; SWHC, soil water holding capacity. F, Percentage of all indicators related to carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and water cycles.

Fig. 4 Statistics on the numbers of indicators selected in studies of ecosystem multifunctionality in literature. The red-colored portion of the pie chart represents the percentage of EMF studies that used 5-8 indicators.

Fig. 5 Relationships between ecosystem multifunctionality and multi-dimensional or multi-scale biodiversity under the scenario of global change.

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