Techniques and methods of microbiomics and their applications

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2019.0222

Abstract

Abstract:

Microbiome is the combination of all microorganisms and their genetic information in a specific environment or ecosystem, which contains abundant microbial resources. A comprehensive and systematic analysis of the structure and function of microbiome will provide new ideas in solving the core issues in the fields of energy, ecological environment, industrial and agricultural production and human health. However, the study of microbiome largely depends on the development of relevant technologies and methods. Before to the advent of high-throughput sequencing technology, microbial research was mainly based on techniques such as isolation, pure-culture and fingerprint. However, due to the technical restrictions, scientists could only get limited knowledge of microorganisms. Since the beginning of 21st century, the revolutionary advances in the technology of high-throughput sequencing and mass spectrometry have greatly improved our understanding on the structure and ecological functions of environmental microbiome. However, the application of microbiomics technology in microbial research still faces many challenges. In addition, the descriptive studies focusing on the structure and diversity of microbiome have already matured, and the study of microbiomics is facing a critical transition period from quantity to quality and from structure to function. Hence, this paper will firstly introduce the basic concepts of microbiomics and a brief development history. Secondly, this paper introduces the related technologies and methods of microbiomics with their development process, and further expounds the applications and main problems of microbiomics technologies and methods in ecological study. Finally, this paper expounds the frontier direction of the development of microbiomics technology and methods from the technical, theoretical and application levels, and proposes the priority development areas of microbiome research in the future.

Key words: microbiomics, high-throughput sequencing, mass spectrometry, microbial functions

GAO Gui-Feng, CHU Hai-Yan. Techniques and methods of microbiomics and their applications[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2020, 44(4): 395-408.

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2020/V44/I4/395

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主导部门 Department	启动时间 Starting year	计划名称 Project name
美国国立卫生研究院 US National institutes of Health	2007	人体微生物组计划 The Human Microbiome Project
美国阿贡国家实验室 Argonne National Laboratory	2010	地球微生物组计划 Earth Microbiome Project
巴西国家科学技术研究院 Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais	2013	巴西微生物组计划 The Brazilian Microbiome Project
美国白宫科学和技术政策办公室与联邦机构、私营基金管理机构 Office of Science and Technology Policy, Federal Agency, Private Fund Management Agency	2016	国家微生物组计划 National Microbiome Initiative
南非和美国国际开发署 South Africa and United States Agency for International Development	2016	非洲土壤微生物组计划 African Soil Microbiology Project
中国科学院 Chinese Academy of Sciences	2017	中国微生物组计划 China Microbiome Initiative

主导部门 Department	启动时间 Starting year	计划名称 Project name
美国国立卫生研究院 US National institutes of Health	2007	人体微生物组计划 The Human Microbiome Project
美国阿贡国家实验室 Argonne National Laboratory	2010	地球微生物组计划 Earth Microbiome Project
巴西国家科学技术研究院 Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais	2013	巴西微生物组计划 The Brazilian Microbiome Project
美国白宫科学和技术政策办公室与联邦机构、私营基金管理机构 Office of Science and Technology Policy, Federal Agency, Private Fund Management Agency	2016	国家微生物组计划 National Microbiome Initiative
南非和美国国际开发署 South Africa and United States Agency for International Development	2016	非洲土壤微生物组计划 African Soil Microbiology Project
中国科学院 Chinese Academy of Sciences	2017	中国微生物组计划 China Microbiome Initiative