Population status and conservation of an extremely small population species Euryodendron excelsum

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2020.0059

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Euryodendron excelsum, an extremely endangered species of Theaceae, is endemic to China. However, there are few studies on the cause of population structure change of E. excelsum, and its conservation strategy is not perfect. We studied the age structure and dynamics of the E. excelsum population, compared them with the research results in 2007, and analyzed the changes of the E. excelsum population in the last ten years, so as to provide scientific reference for the effective protection and management of the E. excelsum population.
Methods Based on field investigation data, the values of parameters such as standard life table, survival curve, killing power and life expectancy curve were established, and the structure status of the E. excelsum population was analyzed as well. The community composition was analyzed using DET’s multiple analysis method.
Important findings (1) The analysis of population dynamic indices showed that dynamic indices (V_pi and V′_pi) of the wild E. excelsum population were all less than 0. The survival curve of the whole population generally fit a Deevey-III type curve, suggesting a declining population. The number of young individuals was abundant, but impaired development, and hence cannot support the population growth in time. (2) The analysis of survival curve, killing power and life expectancy showed that the sapling, small tree II and middle tree II obstructed the natural population renewal. (3) The Sanjia and Bajia group seedlings of E. excelsum decreased by 39.3% and 71.9%, respectively. The seedling conversion rate of Sanjia group was nearly 1/2 times lower than the Bajia group of E. excelsum. Human interference was the main driver of population decline of E. excelsum. In addition, the conservation strategy that has been implemented is not suitable for the current situation.

Key words: Euryodendron excelsum, population structure, survival curve

WEI Xue-Ying, YE Yu-Shi, LIN Xi-Po, CUI Yu-Wen, ZENG Fei-Yan, WANG Fa-Guo. Population status and conservation of an extremely small population species Euryodendron excelsum[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2020, 44(12): 1236-1246.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2020.0059

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2020/V44/I12/1236

Figures/Tables 9

References 27

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生活型 Life form	类别 Category	物种 Species	德氏多度 Drude abundance
乔木 Arbor	优势种 Dominant species	阴香 Cinnamomum burmannii	cop3
		粉箪竹 Bambusa chungii	cop1
		卫矛叶蒲桃 Syzygium euonymifolium	sol
		龙眼 Dimocarpus longan	sp
	伴生种 Companion species	假苹婆 Sterculia lanceolata	sp
		车筒竹 Bambusa sinospinosa	cop1
		楝 Melia azedarach	sol
		破布叶 Microcos paniculata	sp
		鹅掌柴 Schefflera heptaphylla	cop1
		华润楠 Machilus chinensis	un
		杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata	sol
灌木 Shrub	优势种 Dominant species	九里香 Murraya exotica	sol
		九节 Psychotria asiatica	cop2
		赪桐 Clerodendrum japonicum	sp
		对叶榕 Ficus hispida	cop1
		黄椿木姜子 Litsea variabilis	cop1
		八角枫 Alangium chinense	sol
	伴生种 Companion species	紫玉盘 Uvaria macrophylla	sp
		大罗伞树 Ardisia hanceana	sp
		小花山小橘 Glycosmis parviflora	sp
		大青 Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum	sol
		猴耳环 Archidendron clypearia	sp
		粗叶榕 Ficus hirta	sol
草本 Herb	优势种 Dominant species	假蒟 Piper sarmentosum	sp
		热亚海芋 Alocasia macrorrhizos	cop1
		半边旗 Pteris semipinnata	cop1
	伴生种 Companion species	火炭母 Polygonum chinense	un
		欧洲凤尾蕨 Pteris cretica	sol
		淡竹叶 Lophatherum gracile	sol
		华南毛蕨 Cyclosorus parasiticus	sol
		牛白藤 Hedyotis hedyotidea	sol
		玉叶金花 Mussaenda pubescens	sol

生活型 Life form	类别 Category	物种 Species	德氏多度 Drude abundance
乔木 Arbor	优势种 Dominant species	阴香 Cinnamomum burmannii	cop3
		粉箪竹 Bambusa chungii	cop1
		卫矛叶蒲桃 Syzygium euonymifolium	sol
		龙眼 Dimocarpus longan	sp
	伴生种 Companion species	假苹婆 Sterculia lanceolata	sp
		车筒竹 Bambusa sinospinosa	cop1
		楝 Melia azedarach	sol
		破布叶 Microcos paniculata	sp
		鹅掌柴 Schefflera heptaphylla	cop1
		华润楠 Machilus chinensis	un
		杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata	sol
灌木 Shrub	优势种 Dominant species	九里香 Murraya exotica	sol
		九节 Psychotria asiatica	cop2
		赪桐 Clerodendrum japonicum	sp
		对叶榕 Ficus hispida	cop1
		黄椿木姜子 Litsea variabilis	cop1
		八角枫 Alangium chinense	sol
	伴生种 Companion species	紫玉盘 Uvaria macrophylla	sp
		大罗伞树 Ardisia hanceana	sp
		小花山小橘 Glycosmis parviflora	sp
		大青 Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum	sol
		猴耳环 Archidendron clypearia	sp
		粗叶榕 Ficus hirta	sol
草本 Herb	优势种 Dominant species	假蒟 Piper sarmentosum	sp
		热亚海芋 Alocasia macrorrhizos	cop1
		半边旗 Pteris semipinnata	cop1
	伴生种 Companion species	火炭母 Polygonum chinense	un
		欧洲凤尾蕨 Pteris cretica	sol
		淡竹叶 Lophatherum gracile	sol
		华南毛蕨 Cyclosorus parasiticus	sol
		牛白藤 Hedyotis hedyotidea	sol
		玉叶金花 Mussaenda pubescens	sol

编号 Number	地点 Place	生境 Habitat	乔木层盖度 Coverage of arbor layer	海拔 Altitude (m)	人为干扰 Human disturbance	干扰原因 Cause of interference	成株 Adult plant	幼树 Sapling	幼苗 Seedling
1	八甲镇合路村 Helu Village in Bajia Town	村边林 Village forest	50	52	弱 Weak		1	0	10
2	八甲镇木力村 Muli Village in Bajia Town	村边林 Village forest	65	68	中 Middle		2	0	3
3	八甲镇澄垌村 Chengdong Village in Bajia Town	田野 Field	45	42	中 Middle	阴蔽 Shading	0	0	10
4	八甲镇澄垌村 Chengdong Village in Bajia Town	村边林 Village forest	60	42	中 Middle	断梢 Branches broken	2	2	20
5	八甲镇澄垌村冲田 Chongtian of Chengdong Village in Bajia Town	村边林 Village forest	70	30	中 Middle		8	0	20
6	八甲镇中田村山喉 Shanhou of Zhongtian Village in Bajia Town	村边林 Village forest	30	72	弱 Weak		1	4	28
7	八甲镇中田村师马 Shima of Zhongtian Village in Bajia Town	村边 Near the village	65	42	强 Strong	栽培 Cultivation	1	3	10
8	八甲镇中田村塘涌 Tangyong of Zhongtian Village in Bajia Town	村边 Village	20	30	强 Strong	断梢 Branches broken	0	2	0
9	三甲镇湴背村 Banbei Village in Sanjia Town	村边风水林 Fengshui woods near village	80	44	强 Strong	盗挖 Stolen	16	5	40
10	八甲镇高屋村石角 Shijiao of Gaowu Village in Bajia Town	村边林 Village forest	60	42	强 Strong		1	0	2
11	八甲镇联合村茶嘹 Chaliao of Lianhe Village in Bajia Town	村边林 Village forest	70	33	中 Middle	断梢 Branches broken	2	3	7
12	八甲镇高屋村三叶 Sanye of Gaowu Village in Bajia Town	村边林 Village forest	75	65	中 Middle	阴蔽 Shading	1	0	8
13	八甲镇澄垌村竹根 Zhugen of Chengdong Village in Bajia Town	屋后风水林 Fengshui woods behind house	80	32	中 Middle		2	0	10
14	八甲镇澄垌村中田 Zhongtian of Chengdong Village in Bajia Town	村边林 Village forest	65	46	中 Middle		3	0	8

编号 Number	地点 Place	生境 Habitat	乔木层盖度 Coverage of arbor layer	海拔 Altitude (m)	人为干扰 Human disturbance	干扰原因 Cause of interference	成株 Adult plant	幼树 Sapling	幼苗 Seedling
1	八甲镇合路村 Helu Village in Bajia Town	村边林 Village forest	50	52	弱 Weak		1	0	10
2	八甲镇木力村 Muli Village in Bajia Town	村边林 Village forest	65	68	中 Middle		2	0	3
3	八甲镇澄垌村 Chengdong Village in Bajia Town	田野 Field	45	42	中 Middle	阴蔽 Shading	0	0	10
4	八甲镇澄垌村 Chengdong Village in Bajia Town	村边林 Village forest	60	42	中 Middle	断梢 Branches broken	2	2	20
5	八甲镇澄垌村冲田 Chongtian of Chengdong Village in Bajia Town	村边林 Village forest	70	30	中 Middle		8	0	20
6	八甲镇中田村山喉 Shanhou of Zhongtian Village in Bajia Town	村边林 Village forest	30	72	弱 Weak		1	4	28
7	八甲镇中田村师马 Shima of Zhongtian Village in Bajia Town	村边 Near the village	65	42	强 Strong	栽培 Cultivation	1	3	10
8	八甲镇中田村塘涌 Tangyong of Zhongtian Village in Bajia Town	村边 Village	20	30	强 Strong	断梢 Branches broken	0	2	0
9	三甲镇湴背村 Banbei Village in Sanjia Town	村边风水林 Fengshui woods near village	80	44	强 Strong	盗挖 Stolen	16	5	40
10	八甲镇高屋村石角 Shijiao of Gaowu Village in Bajia Town	村边林 Village forest	60	42	强 Strong		1	0	2
11	八甲镇联合村茶嘹 Chaliao of Lianhe Village in Bajia Town	村边林 Village forest	70	33	中 Middle	断梢 Branches broken	2	3	7
12	八甲镇高屋村三叶 Sanye of Gaowu Village in Bajia Town	村边林 Village forest	75	65	中 Middle	阴蔽 Shading	1	0	8
13	八甲镇澄垌村竹根 Zhugen of Chengdong Village in Bajia Town	屋后风水林 Fengshui woods behind house	80	32	中 Middle		2	0	10
14	八甲镇澄垌村中田 Zhongtian of Chengdong Village in Bajia Town	村边林 Village forest	65	46	中 Middle		3	0	8

大小级 Size stage	划分标准 Division standard	a_x	l_x	d_x	q_x	L_x	T_x	k_x	e_x	lnl_x
I (S_t)	0 ≤ H ≤ 100	97	1 000	185.	0.19	1 814	1 855	0.21	1.86	6.91
II (S_t)	H > 100, DBH < 3.0	79	814	618	0.76	1 010	1 051	1.43	1.29	6.70
III (S_t)	DBH [3.0, 9.0)	19	196	123	0.63	268	309	1.00	1.58	5.28
IV (S_t)	DBH [9.0, 15.0)	7	72	-20	-0.29	164	206	-0.25	2.86	4.28
V (S_t)	DBH [15.0, 21.0)	9	93	30	0.33	154	195	0.41	2.11	4.53
VI (S_t)	DBH [21.0, 27.0)	6	62	-41	-0.67	164	206	-0.51	3.33	4.12
VII (S_t)	DBH [27.0, 33.0)	10	103	92	0.90	113	154	2.30	1.50	4.64
VIII (S_t)	DBH [33.0, 39.0)	1	10	-20	-2.00	41	82	-1.10	8.00	2.33
IX (S_t)	DBH [39.0, 45.0)	3	31	-10	-0.33	72	113	-0.29	3.67	3.43
X (S_t)	≥ 45.0	4	41	NA	NA	41	364	3.72	8.83	3.72
I (S_a)	0 ≤ H ≤ 100	80	1 000	453	0.45	1 546	1 587	0.60	1.59	6.91
II (S_a)	H > 100, DBH < 3.0	53	546	402	0.74	690	731	1.33	1.34	6.30
III (S_a)	DBH [3.0, 9.0)	14	144	123	0.86	164	206	1.95	1.43	4.97
IV (S_a)	DBH [9.0, 15.0)	2	21	-10	-0.50	51	92	-0.41	4.50	3.03
V (S_a)	DBH [15.0, 21.0)	3	31	-10	-0.33	72	113	-0.29	3.67	3.43
VI (S_a)	DBH [21.0, 27.0)	4	41	-30	-0.75	113	154	-0.56	3.75	3.72
VII (S_a)	DBH [27.0, 33.0)	7	72	61	0.86	82	123	1.95	1.71	4.28
VIII (S_a)	DBH [33.0, 39.0)	1	10	-20	-2.00	41	82	-1.10	8.00	2.33
IX (S_a)	DBH [39.0, 45.0)	3	31	-10	-0.33	72	113	-0.29	3.67	3.43
X (S_a)	≥ 45.0	4	41	NA	NA	41	364	3.72	8.83	3.72
I (S_s)	0 ≤ H ≤ 100	24	1 000	835	0.31	1 164	1 206	1.80	1.21	6.91
II (S_s)	H > 100, DBH < 3.0	16	165	113	0.84	216	257	1.16	1.56	6.91
III (S_s)	DBH [3.0, 9.0)	5	52	0	0.69	103	144	0.00	2.80	5.11
IV (S_s)	DBH [9.0, 15.0)	5	52	-10	0.00	113	154	-0.18	3.00	3.94
V (S_s)	DBH [15.0, 21.0)	6	62	41	-0.20	82	123	1.10	2.00	3.94
VI (S_s)	DBH [21.0, 27.0)	2	21	-10	0.67	51	92	-0.41	4.50	4.12
VII (S_s)	DBH [27.0, 33.0)	3	31							3.03