Chin J Plant Ecol ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (12): 1611-1628.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0336
• Review • Next Articles
Dilixiadanmu TASHENMAIMAITI1,2, LIU Hui-Liang1,3,4,*()
Received:
2022-08-18
Accepted:
2023-02-20
Online:
2023-12-20
Published:
2023-03-01
Contact:
*(liuhuiliang@ms.xjb.ac.cn)
Supported by:
Dilixiadanmu TASHENMAIMAITI, LIU Hui-Liang. Review of research on germination heterochrony of desert annual plants[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2023, 47(12): 1611-1628.
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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2022.0336
Fig. 1 Distribution map of heterochronous germinating annuals of Brassicaceae (A), Asteraceae (B) and Boraginaceae (C) (classified by genus). The yellow section shows the global arid and semi-arid region for 2001-2020. The classification is based on the FAO proposed aridity index. All species distribution data were obtained from GBIF (https://www.gbif.org/).
Fig. 2 Distribution map of heterochronous germinating annuals (classified by family). The yellow section shows the global arid and semi-arid region for 2001-2020. The classification is based on the FAO proposed aridity index. All species distribution data were obtained from GBIF (https://www.gbif.org/).
Fig. 3 Two-year life history cycle and coexistence life history pattern of annual plants. Adapted from Han et al. (2016). A, Winter annuals, which germinate in autumn, reproduce in spring, have a life history cycle of one year, seedlings need to be overwintered. B, Spring annuals, which germinate in spring, reproduce in autumn, have a life history cycle of one year. C, Coexistence within a two-year life history cycle. The same life history pattern over two years. Different germination times allow coexistence of spring- and autumn-germinating seedlings. D, Mixed coexistence of two life history patterns. Two independent life history patterns exist within the same species, both with a one-year life history cycle. Therefore, spring- and autumn- germinating plants coexist within a population. A, autumn; S, spring; SU, summer; W, winter.
Fig. 5 Proportion and kinds of seed dormancy in relation to fruit type. The red scatter plot data indicate the percentage of each fruit type. ND, nondormancy; PY, physical dormancy; PD, physiological dormancy; MD, morphological dormancy; MPD, morphophysiological dormancy; PD+PY, physiological and physical dormancy; PY+MD, physical and morphophysiological dormancy. 1, Zygophyllaceae; 2, Plantaginaceae; 3, Papaveraceae; 4, Geraniaceae; 5, Caryophyllaceae; 6, Euphorbiaceae; 7, Campanulaceae; 8, Saxifragaceae; 9, Primulaceae; 10, Hydroleaceae; 11, Polemoniaceae; 12, Molluginaceae; 13, Portulacaceae; 14, Brassicaceae; 15, Ranunculaceae; 16, Asteraceae; 17, Polygonaceae;18, Rosaceae; 19, Boraginaceae; 20, Lamiaceae; 21, Cyperaceae; 22, Poaceae;23, Chenopodiaceae;24, Amaranthaceae; 25, Fabaceae; 26, Apiaceae.
Fig. 6 Schematic representation of the regulation of germination time by the abscisic acid (ABA)-gibberellic acid (GA) network. Adapted from Abley et al. (2021). The arrow represents effective facilitation and the blunt arrow represents effective inhibition. The model behaves as a mutual inhibition circuit and a mutual activation circuit, respectively: GA inhibits integrator and vice versa; ABA promotes integrator and vice versa. DELLA protein is a negative regulator of GA signaling. Transcription factors ABI4 and ABI5 are positive regulators of ABA signal transduction. ABI4, ABI5, and DELLA proteins interact to form a transcriptional complex that inhibits germination. The transcriptional complex affects GA and ABA levels by acting on hormone biosynthesis or catabolism to precisely regulate seed germination.
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