Analysis of functional traits of wetland plants in floodplains in middle reaches of Yangtze River

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2023.0201

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Functional traits can individually or jointly reflect the response of plants to environmental changes and their adaptation strategies and are closely linked to ecosystem functioning. Exploring the functional traits and trait space characteristics of wetland plants is of importance for understanding the mechanisms underlying the ecological adaptability of wetland plants in river floodplains.

Methods We measured 10 functional traits of 30 common herbaceous plants in 5 river floodplains around Wuhan in middle reaches of Yangtze River. We then analyzed the relationships among traits, the quality of trait space, the importance of traits, and the distribution of species in trait space.

Important findings The results showed that variations in functional traits were large among wetland plant species and that trait-trait relationships were generally weak. The quality of trait space increased rapidly when the dimension of space increased from one to four, with the six-dimensional space being of the highest quality. Considering a tradeoff between dimension reduction and space quality, we chose the four-dimensional space for subsequent analyses. In the four-dimensional space, life span, rhizome, plant height, leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf nitrogen content and leaf carbon content were significantly correlated with the axes of the trait space, indicating that they played an important role in shaping the trait space of wetland plants. Sixteen species were located at the vertices of the convex hull, of which ten had high frequencies of occurrence, indicating that these species hold unique trait values and might be more important in shaping the trait space than other species.

Key words: species distribution, quality of space, trait importance, trait-trait relationship

LI Shan-Shan, LIU Xue-Qin. Analysis of functional traits of wetland plants in floodplains in middle reaches of Yangtze River[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2024, 48(5): 601-611.

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Figures/Tables 7

References 53

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编号 Code	种 Species	科 Family	寿命 Life span	地下茎 Rhizome	整株样本数 Number of whole-plant samples	叶片样本数 Number of leaf samples
SP1	朝天委陵菜 Potentilla supina	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	一年生 Annual	无 Absent	15	18
SP2	刺儿菜 Cirsium arvense var. integrifolium	菊科 Asteraceae	多年生 Perennial	有 Present	8	17
SP3	鼠曲草 Pseudognaphalium affine	菊科 Asteraceae	一年生 Annual	无 Absent	19	20
SP4	小蓬草 Erigeron canadensis	菊科 Asteraceae	一年生 Annual	无 Absent	16	27
SP5	野莴苣 Lactuca serriola	菊科 Asteraceae	一年生 Annual	无 Absent	4	12
SP6	钻叶紫菀 Symphyotrichum subulatum	菊科 Asteraceae	一年生 Annual	无 Absent	18	20
SP7	风花菜 Rorippa globosa	十字花科 Brassicaceae	一年生 Annual	无 Absent	17	39
SP8	红蓼 Persicaria orientalis	蓼科 Polygonaceae	一年生 Annual	无 Absent	10	20
SP9	水蓼 Persicaria hydropiper	蓼科 Polygonaceae	一年生 Annual	无 Absent	15	18
SP10	长刺酸模 Rumex trisetifer	蓼科 Polygonaceae	一年生 Annual	无 Absent	9	20
SP11	荔枝草 Salvia plebeia	唇形科 Lamiaceae	一年生 Annual	无 Absent	15	20
SP12	益母草 Leonurus japonicus	唇形科 Lamiaceae	一年生 Annual	无 Absent	10	20
SP13	芦苇 Phragmites australis	禾本科 Poaceae	多年生 Perennial	有 Present	5	16
SP14	马唐 Digitaria sanguinalis	禾本科 Poaceae	一年生 Annual	无 Absent	5	20
SP15	牛鞭草 Hemarthria sibirica	禾本科 Poaceae	多年生 Perennial	有 Present	15	20
SP16	千金子 Leptochloa chinensis	禾本科 Poaceae	一年生 Annual	无 Absent	4	10
SP17	菵草 Beckmannia syzigachne	禾本科 Poaceae	一年生 Annual	无 Absent	27	40
SP18	长芒稗 Echinochloa caudata	禾本科 Poaceae	一年生 Annual	无 Absent	10	12
SP19	葎草 Humulus scandens	大麻科 Cannabaceae	多年生 Perennial	无 Absent	10	38
SP20	毛茛 Ranunculus japonicus	毛茛科 Ranunculaceae	多年生 Perennial	有 Present	12	8
SP21	铁线莲 Clematis florida	毛茛科 Ranunculaceae	多年生 Perennial	无 Absent	6	20
SP22	破铜钱 Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides var. batrachium	五加科 Araliaceae	多年生 Perennial	有 Present	15	20
SP23	碎米莎草 Cyperus iria	莎草科 Cyperaceae	一年生 Annual	无 Absent	10	12
SP24	香附子 Cyperus rotundus	莎草科 Cyperaceae	多年生 Perennial	有 Present	18	22
SP25	铁苋菜 Acalypha australis	大戟科 Euphorbiaceae	一年生 Annual	无 Absent	14	20
SP26	喜旱莲子草 Alternanthera philoxeroides	苋科 Amaranthaceae	多年生 Perennial	有 Present	15	41
SP27	杖藜 Chenopodium giganteum	苋科 Amaranthaceae	一年生 Annual	无 Absent	8	15
SP28	香蒲 Typha orientalis	香蒲科 Typhaceae	多年生 Perennial	有 Present	9	14
SP29	小苜蓿 Medicago minima	豆科 Fabaceae	一年生 Annual	无 Absent	9	10
SP30	野胡萝卜 Daucus carota	伞形科 Apiaceae	多年生 Perennial	无 Absent	14	10

编号 Code	种 Species	科 Family	寿命 Life span	地下茎 Rhizome	整株样本数 Number of whole-plant samples	叶片样本数 Number of leaf samples
SP1	朝天委陵菜 Potentilla supina	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	一年生 Annual	无 Absent	15	18
SP2	刺儿菜 Cirsium arvense var. integrifolium	菊科 Asteraceae	多年生 Perennial	有 Present	8	17
SP3	鼠曲草 Pseudognaphalium affine	菊科 Asteraceae	一年生 Annual	无 Absent	19	20
SP4	小蓬草 Erigeron canadensis	菊科 Asteraceae	一年生 Annual	无 Absent	16	27
SP5	野莴苣 Lactuca serriola	菊科 Asteraceae	一年生 Annual	无 Absent	4	12
SP6	钻叶紫菀 Symphyotrichum subulatum	菊科 Asteraceae	一年生 Annual	无 Absent	18	20
SP7	风花菜 Rorippa globosa	十字花科 Brassicaceae	一年生 Annual	无 Absent	17	39
SP8	红蓼 Persicaria orientalis	蓼科 Polygonaceae	一年生 Annual	无 Absent	10	20
SP9	水蓼 Persicaria hydropiper	蓼科 Polygonaceae	一年生 Annual	无 Absent	15	18
SP10	长刺酸模 Rumex trisetifer	蓼科 Polygonaceae	一年生 Annual	无 Absent	9	20
SP11	荔枝草 Salvia plebeia	唇形科 Lamiaceae	一年生 Annual	无 Absent	15	20
SP12	益母草 Leonurus japonicus	唇形科 Lamiaceae	一年生 Annual	无 Absent	10	20
SP13	芦苇 Phragmites australis	禾本科 Poaceae	多年生 Perennial	有 Present	5	16
SP14	马唐 Digitaria sanguinalis	禾本科 Poaceae	一年生 Annual	无 Absent	5	20
SP15	牛鞭草 Hemarthria sibirica	禾本科 Poaceae	多年生 Perennial	有 Present	15	20
SP16	千金子 Leptochloa chinensis	禾本科 Poaceae	一年生 Annual	无 Absent	4	10
SP17	菵草 Beckmannia syzigachne	禾本科 Poaceae	一年生 Annual	无 Absent	27	40
SP18	长芒稗 Echinochloa caudata	禾本科 Poaceae	一年生 Annual	无 Absent	10	12
SP19	葎草 Humulus scandens	大麻科 Cannabaceae	多年生 Perennial	无 Absent	10	38
SP20	毛茛 Ranunculus japonicus	毛茛科 Ranunculaceae	多年生 Perennial	有 Present	12	8
SP21	铁线莲 Clematis florida	毛茛科 Ranunculaceae	多年生 Perennial	无 Absent	6	20
SP22	破铜钱 Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides var. batrachium	五加科 Araliaceae	多年生 Perennial	有 Present	15	20
SP23	碎米莎草 Cyperus iria	莎草科 Cyperaceae	一年生 Annual	无 Absent	10	12
SP24	香附子 Cyperus rotundus	莎草科 Cyperaceae	多年生 Perennial	有 Present	18	22
SP25	铁苋菜 Acalypha australis	大戟科 Euphorbiaceae	一年生 Annual	无 Absent	14	20
SP26	喜旱莲子草 Alternanthera philoxeroides	苋科 Amaranthaceae	多年生 Perennial	有 Present	15	41
SP27	杖藜 Chenopodium giganteum	苋科 Amaranthaceae	一年生 Annual	无 Absent	8	15
SP28	香蒲 Typha orientalis	香蒲科 Typhaceae	多年生 Perennial	有 Present	9	14
SP29	小苜蓿 Medicago minima	豆科 Fabaceae	一年生 Annual	无 Absent	9	10
SP30	野胡萝卜 Daucus carota	伞形科 Apiaceae	多年生 Perennial	无 Absent	14	10

功能性状 Functional trait	平均值±标准误 Mean ± SE	最大值 Max	最小值 Min	变异系数 Coefficient of variation (%)
株高 Plant height (cm)	58.1 ± 7.3	192.0	13.7	68.4
根冠比 Root to shoot ratio	0.40 ± 0.11	3.21	0.06	152.5
叶面积 Leaf area (mm²)	1 545.69 ± 384.54	10 153.36	18.60	136.3
比叶面积 Specific leaf area (mm²·mg^-1)	17.66 ± 0.98	27.17	4.31	30.5
叶干物质含量 Leaf dry matter content (mg·g^-1)	236.47 ± 19.23	566.89	107.61	44.5
叶碳含量 Leaf carbon content (mg·g^-1)	479.11 ± 9.18	587.24	401.73	10.5
叶氮含量 Leaf nitrogen content (mg·g^-1)	36.98 ± 2.16	78.81	16.47	32.0
叶碳氮比 Leaf carbon to nitrogen ratio	14.06 ± 0.74	26.93	6.78	28.6

功能性状 Functional trait	平均值±标准误 Mean ± SE	最大值 Max	最小值 Min	变异系数 Coefficient of variation (%)
株高 Plant height (cm)	58.1 ± 7.3	192.0	13.7	68.4
根冠比 Root to shoot ratio	0.40 ± 0.11	3.21	0.06	152.5
叶面积 Leaf area (mm²)	1 545.69 ± 384.54	10 153.36	18.60	136.3
比叶面积 Specific leaf area (mm²·mg^-1)	17.66 ± 0.98	27.17	4.31	30.5
叶干物质含量 Leaf dry matter content (mg·g^-1)	236.47 ± 19.23	566.89	107.61	44.5
叶碳含量 Leaf carbon content (mg·g^-1)	479.11 ± 9.18	587.24	401.73	10.5
叶氮含量 Leaf nitrogen content (mg·g^-1)	36.98 ± 2.16	78.81	16.47	32.0
叶碳氮比 Leaf carbon to nitrogen ratio	14.06 ± 0.74	26.93	6.78	28.6

主坐标轴 PCoA axes	性状 Trait	R²/eta²	p
PCoA1 (50.46%)	寿命 Life span	0.69	<0.001
	地下茎 Rhizome	0.52	<0.001
	根冠比 Root to shoot ratio	0.20	0.014
	比叶面积 Specific leaf area	0.19	0.015
	株高 Plant height	0.19	0.016
	叶面积 Leaf area	0.15	0.033
	叶氮含量 Leaf nitrogen content	0.14	0.043
PCoA2 (13.57%)	叶碳含量 Leaf carbon content	0.41	<0.001
	叶干物质含量 Leaf dry matter content	0.38	<0.001
	株高 Plant height	0.27	0.004
	叶面积 Leaf area	0.24	0.006
	根冠比 Root to shoot ratio	0.19	0.015
PCoA3 (10.79%)	叶氮含量 Leaf nitrogen content	0.30	0.002
	比叶面积 Specific leaf area	0.25	0.005
	叶干物质含量 Leaf dry matter content	0.22	0.009
	叶碳含量 Leaf carbon content	0.22	0.010
PCoA4 (7.56%)	叶碳氮比 Leaf carbon to nitrogen ratio	0.41	<0.001
PCoA4 (7.56%)	叶面积 Leaf area	0.32	0.001