Abstract: Crop domestication not only directly shapes phenotypic traits but also imposes selective pressure on rhizosphere microbial community assembly through dynamic regulation of root architecture and exudate composition, thereby forming host-microbial interaction networks. These networks enhance host adaptability through multiple mechanisms: significantly improving resistance to biotic stresses (e.g., pathogen infection) and abiotic stresses (e.g., drought and salinity), while efficiently optimizing nutrient uptake of key elements like nitrogen and phosphorus. These functions arise from a rhizosphere interaction system co-regulated by host genotype and environmental factors. Notably, the molecular mechanisms by which host genetic regulation drives microbiome assembly remain a core research focus. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding how crop genetic backgrounds selectively recruit microbiomes and explores the application prospects of " rewilding plant microbiome " for agricultural sustainability, providing critical insights for theoretical innovation and practical applications in this field.

Key words: Microbiome, Domestication, Genetic loci, Abiotic stress, Biotic stress