STRUCTURE AND SPECIES COMPOSITION OF GROUND BRYOPHYTE COMMUNITY OF HIGH-ALTITUDE YOUNG SILVICULTURAL CUTOVERS IN RANGTANG COUNTY, CHINA: EVALUATION ON EFFECTS OF CLEAR- CUTTING AND SILVICULTURAL MANAGEMENT

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.04.010

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Traditional forestry management influences biodiversity. Revealing effects of clear-cutting and silvicultural history on ground bryophyte communities is important for evaluating impacts of forest management on biodiversity.

Methods We selected four sites with similar physical conditions but different development phases in Rangtang County. We investigated bryophyte and vascular plant vegetation, including species composition and structural characteristics, in 30 plots in each site. ANOVA analysis was used to detect differences among bryophyte communities, and the relationship between vascular plant and bryophyte communities was examined by partial correlations.

Important findings Bryophyte composition changed significantly during developmental processes of young forests. Photophilic or pleurocarpous mosses were dominant species, while some hygrophilous mosses expanded their populations and become dominant species locally and drought-tolerant species occurred because of disturbance. Richness index (22-37) and diversity index (0.37-1.08) increased during the process of development, and the four young forestlands had differences in structural characteristics. There was a positive relationship between cover of tree and shrub layers and development of bryophytes. Shrub layer significantly promoted bryophyte richness, while pioneer grass with strong development and litter restrained bryophyte development. Characteristics of development in tree, shrub, litter layer and their interaction changed dynamically during the developmental process. Promoting development of tree and shrub layers has an important role on enhancing bryophytes.

Key words: bryophyte composition and structure, forest management, vascular plant, high-altitude young silvicultural cutovers

YAN Xiao-Li, BAO Wei-Kai. STRUCTURE AND SPECIES COMPOSITION OF GROUND BRYOPHYTE COMMUNITY OF HIGH-ALTITUDE YOUNG SILVICULTURAL CUTOVERS IN RANGTANG COUNTY, CHINA: EVALUATION ON EFFECTS OF CLEAR- CUTTING AND SILVICULTURAL MANAGEMENT[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2008, 32(4): 815-824.

Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.04.010

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2008/V32/I4/815

Figures/Tables 8

References 27

[1]	Alaback P (1982). Dynamics of under storey biomass in Sitka spruce-western hemlock forests of south-east Alaska. Ecology, 63,1932-1948.
[2]	Bao WK (2005). Structural features of Polytrichum formosum Hedw. populations along a habitat sequence of cutover restoration in the eastern Tibetan Plateau . Ecological Research, 20,701-707.
[3]	Bao WK (包维楷), Zhang YL (张镱锂), Wang Q (王乾), Bai WQ (摆万奇), Zheng D (郑度) (2002a). Plant diversity along a time sequence (1-30 years) of artificial forest rehabilitation on subalpine cutland in the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica (植物生态学报), 26,330-338. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]	Bao WK (包维楷), Zhang YL (张镱锂), Wang Q (王乾), Bai WQ (摆万奇), Zheng D (郑度) (2002b). Rehabilitation and degradation for subalpine coniferous forest on the upper reaches of Dadu River of eastern Tibetan Plateau. Journal of Mountain Science (山地学报), 2,194-198. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]	Bardat J, Aubert M (2007). Impact of forest management on the diversity of corticolous bryophyte assemblages in temperate forests. Biological Conservation, 39,47-66.
[6]	Bazzaz FA (1975). Plant species diversity in old-field successional ecosystems in southern Illinois. Ecology, 56,485-488.
[7]	Busby JR, Bliss LC, Hamilton CD (1978). Microclimatic control of growth rates and habitats of the boreal forest mosses, Tome nthypnum nitens and Hylocomium splendsens. Ecological Monographs, 48,95-110.
[8]	Cao T (曹同), Guo SL (郭水良) (2000). A study on bryophytes diversity in the main ecosystems in Changbai Mountain. Biodiversity Science (生物多样性), 8,50-59. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]	Esseen PA, Ehnstrom B, Ericson L, Sjoberg K (1997). Boreal forest. Ecological Bulletin, 46,16-47.
[10]	Hartley MJ (2002). Rationale and methods for conserving biodiversity in plantation forests. Forest Ecology and Management, 155,81-95.
[11]	Humphrey JW, Davey S, Peace AJ, Ferris R, Harding K (2002). Lichens and bryophyte communities of planted and semi-natural forests in Britain: the influence of site type, stand structure and deadwood. Biological Conservation, 107,165-180.
[12]	Jalonen J, Vanh-Majamaa I (2001). Immediate effects of four different felling methods on mature boreal spruce forest understorey vegetation in south Finland. Forest Ecology and Management, 146,25-34.
[13]	Kantvilas G, Jarman SJ (2004). Lichens and bryophytes on Eucalyptus obliqua in Tasmania: management implications in production forests . Biological Conservation, 117,359-373.
[14]	Kappelle M, Kennis PAFde Vries RAJ (1995). Changes in diversity along a successional gradient in a Costa Rican upper montane Quercus forest . Biodiversity and Conservation, 4,10-34.
[15]	Lei B (雷波), Bao WK (包维楷), Jia Y (贾渝) (2004). Ground bryophyte composition and synusia structure under six types of young coniferous forest plantations in the upper Minjiang River. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica (植物生态学报), 28,594-600. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]	Liu JH (刘俊华), Bao WK (包维楷), Li FL (李芳兰) (2005). Major bryophyte patch structures and their relationships with environmental factors under a coniferous forest of eastern Tibetan Plateau. Ecology and Environment (生态环境), 14,735-741. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]	Longton RE (1988). Bryology of Polar Bryophytes and Lichens. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,141-299.
[18]	Newmaster SG, Bell FW (2002). The effects of silvicultural disturbances on cryptogam diversity in the boreal-mixedwood forest. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 32,38-51.
[19]	Okanland T, Rydgren K, Okland RH, Storaunet KO, Rolstad J (2003). Variation in environmental conditions, understorey species number, abundance and composition among natural and managed Picea abies forest stands . Forest Ecology and Management, 177,17-37.
[20]	Ross-Davis AL, Frego K (2002). Comparison of plantations and naturally regenerated clearcuts in the Acadian Forest: forest floor bryophyte community and habitat features. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 80,21-33.
[21]	The Editorial Board of Alpine Forest Handbook (高山营林手册编辑委员会) (1982). Alpine Forest Handbook (高山营林手册). Sichuan Publishing House of Science and Technology, Chengdu. (in Chinese)
[22]	The Editorial Board of Forests in Siehuan (四川森林编辑委员会) (1992). Forests in Sichuan. China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing. (in Chinese)
[23]	Vanderpooten A, Sotiaux A, Sotiaux O (2001). Integrating bryophytes into a forest management plan: lessons from grid-mapping in the forest of Soignes (Belgium). Cryptogamie Bryologie, 22,217-230.
[24]	Vellak K, Paal J (1999). Diversity of bryophyte vegetation in some forest types in Estonia: a comparison of old unmanaged and managed forests. Biodiversity and Conservation, 8,1595-1620.
[25]	Wang Q (王乾), Wu N (吴宁), Luo P (罗鹏), Yi SL (易绍良), Bao WK (包维楷), Shi FS (石福孙) (2007). Moss growth rate and its environmental determinants in subalpine coniferous forest and clear cut land in eastern Tibetan Plateau, China. Journal of Plant Ecology (Chinese Version) (植物生态学报), 31,464-469. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[26]	Wulf M (2004). Plant species richness of afforestations with different former use and habitat continuity. Forest Ecology and Management, 195,191-204.
[27]	Xu J (徐杰), Bai XL (白学良), Khasbagan (哈斯巴根), Suyalatu (苏亚拉图) (2007). Effect of different habitats on the diversity and richness of bryophyte in Erdos Region. Journal of Inner Mongolia Normal University (Natural Science Edition) (内蒙古师范大学学报(自然科学版)), 36,98-103. (in Chinese with English abstract)

	八支沟(F93) Bazhigou	四支沟(F85) Sizhigou	三支沟(F80) Sanzhigou	一支沟(F75) Yizhigou
采伐时间 Clear-cutting time	1991	1983	1978	1973
初植时间 Initial planting time	1993	1985	1980	1975
海拔 Elevation (m)	3 550~3 580	3 525~3 560	3 530~3 550	3 520~3 550
坡向 Aspect	N-E15°	N-E20°	N-E15°	N-E15°
坡度 Slope	50°	50°	47.5°	50°
林木密度 Forest density (ind.·hm^-2)	2 208	2 624	2 300	1 666
林木高度 Forest height (m)	1.15	2.41	2.45	2.59
林木盖度 Forest coverage (%)	25.0	41.0	55.0	40.0
灌木盖度 Shrub coverage (%)	39.5	47.1	54.2	46.7
草本盖度 Herb coverage (%)	89.6	85.6	84.8	79.7

	八支沟(F93) Bazhigou	四支沟(F85) Sizhigou	三支沟(F80) Sanzhigou	一支沟(F75) Yizhigou
采伐时间 Clear-cutting time	1991	1983	1978	1973
初植时间 Initial planting time	1993	1985	1980	1975
海拔 Elevation (m)	3 550~3 580	3 525~3 560	3 530~3 550	3 520~3 550
坡向 Aspect	N-E15°	N-E20°	N-E15°	N-E15°
坡度 Slope	50°	50°	47.5°	50°
林木密度 Forest density (ind.·hm^-2)	2 208	2 624	2 300	1 666
林木高度 Forest height (m)	1.15	2.41	2.45	2.59
林木盖度 Forest coverage (%)	25.0	41.0	55.0	40.0
灌木盖度 Shrub coverage (%)	39.5	47.1	54.2	46.7
草本盖度 Herb coverage (%)	89.6	85.6	84.8	79.7

	F93 (14年)	F85 (22年)	F80 (27年)	F75 (32年)
乔木盖度 Arbor coverage (%)	11.50±3.07^a	21.47±5.21^ac	43.17±6.78^b	34.47±7.21^bc
灌木盖度 Shrub coverage (%)	15.67±3.80^a	20.53±5.12^ac	29.60±6.94^bc	29.60±5.56^b
草本盖度 Herb coverage (%)	51.72±3.99^a	47.67±3.99^ac	39.50±4.01^bc	34.50±3.25^b
草本高度 Herb height (cm)	17.13±0.78^a	20.57±1.28^a	20.73±1.35^a	25.73±2.79^b
草本生物量 Herb biomass (g·m^-2)	87.61±7.19^a	95.06±9.22^a	82.43±7.25^a	76.25±8.32^a
草本丰富度 Herb richness (spp.·plot^-1)	8.27±0.28^ab	7.77±0.24^a	8.27±0.27^ab	8.80±0.29^b
凋落物盖度 Litter coverage (%)	5.17±0.52^a	15.17±2.17^b	15.33±1.42^b	11.83±0.70^b
凋落物生物量 Litter biomass (g·m^-2)	28.21±2.62^a	58.52±9.39^b	55.82±6.44^b	48.83±5.83^b

	F93 (14年)	F85 (22年)	F80 (27年)	F75 (32年)
乔木盖度 Arbor coverage (%)	11.50±3.07^a	21.47±5.21^ac	43.17±6.78^b	34.47±7.21^bc
灌木盖度 Shrub coverage (%)	15.67±3.80^a	20.53±5.12^ac	29.60±6.94^bc	29.60±5.56^b
草本盖度 Herb coverage (%)	51.72±3.99^a	47.67±3.99^ac	39.50±4.01^bc	34.50±3.25^b
草本高度 Herb height (cm)	17.13±0.78^a	20.57±1.28^a	20.73±1.35^a	25.73±2.79^b
草本生物量 Herb biomass (g·m^-2)	87.61±7.19^a	95.06±9.22^a	82.43±7.25^a	76.25±8.32^a
草本丰富度 Herb richness (spp.·plot^-1)	8.27±0.28^ab	7.77±0.24^a	8.27±0.27^ab	8.80±0.29^b
凋落物盖度 Litter coverage (%)	5.17±0.52^a	15.17±2.17^b	15.33±1.42^b	11.83±0.70^b
凋落物生物量 Litter biomass (g·m^-2)	28.21±2.62^a	58.52±9.39^b	55.82±6.44^b	48.83±5.83^b

	F93	F85	F80	F75
苔类 Hepatic
双齿裂萼苔 Chiloscyphus latifolius	0.04	0.01	0.03	0.04
蛇苔 Conocephalum conicum	-	0.09	0.08	0.04
纤枝羽苔 Plagiochila corniculata	0	-	-	0
羽苔未知种 Plagiochilasp.	0.09	0.05	0.13	0.09
三瓣苔 Tritomaria exsecta	-	-	-	0.01
藓类 Moss
顶蒴藓类 Acrocarpous moss	15	10	13	18
银藓未知种 Anomobryumsp.	0.04	-	0	-
狭叶扭口藓 Barbula subcontorta	-	-	-	0
珠藓 Bartramia halleriana	0	0.01	-	0
银叶真藓 Bryum argenteum	-	-	0	0
喀什真藓 Bryum kashmirense	-	-	-	0
真藓未知种 Bryum sp.	0	-	-	-
青毛藓 Dicranodontium denudatum	0.02	-	-	0.02
湿地藓 Hyophila javanica	-	0.03	0	-
平肋提灯藓 Mnium laevinerve	-	-	-	0.01
具缘提灯藓 Mnium marginatum	0.02	0.13	-	0.02
刺叶提灯藓 Mnium spinosum	0	0.03	0	0.03
卷叶曲背藓 Oncophorus crispifolius	-	-	-	0
曲背藓 Oncophorus wahlenbergii	0.01	0.01	0.02	0
小酸土藓 Oxystegus cuspidatus	-	-	-	0
酸土藓 Oxystegus cylindricus	-	-	0	-
拟白发藓 Paraleucobryum enerve	-	-	-	0
泽藓 Philonotissp.	-	-	0	-
密叶匍灯藓 Plagiomnium confertidens	0.06	0.1	0.18	0.12
多蒴匍灯藓 Plagiomnium medium	-	0.04	-	0.04
长蒴丝瓜藓 Pohlia elongata	0.04	-	0.04	0.02
无齿曲尾藓 Pseudochorisatontium gymnostomum	0.07	-	-	0.01
韩氏曲尾藓 Pseudochorisodontium hokinense	0.05	-	0	-
阔边大叶藓 Rhodobryum laxe-limbatum	0.04	0.07	0.04	-
狭边大叶藓 Rhodobryum ontariense	0.01	0.02	-	-
长齿连轴藓 Schistidium trichodon	-	-	0	-
合睫藓 Symblepharis vaginata	0.07	-	-	-
泛生墙藓 Tortula muralis	-	0.01	-	-
树形疣灯藓 Trachycysis ussuriensis	0.04	-	0.03	0.02
毛口藓 Trichostomum brachydontium	-	-	-	0
侧蒴藓类 Pleurocarpous moss	9	9	8	14
锦丝藓 Actinothuidium hookeri	0.09	0.01	0.04	0.06
勃氏青藓 Brachythecium brotheri	0.02	0.23	0.19	0.13
匙叶毛尖藓 Cirriphyllum cirrosum	-	-	-	0.02
厚角绢藓 Entodon concinnus	0.43	0.69	0.27	0.26
密枝粗枝藓 Gollania turgens	0.02	-	0.03	0.06
狭叶小羽藓 Haplocladium angustifolium	-	-	-	0.01
塔藓 Hylocomium splendens	-	0.01	-	0
弯叶灰藓 Hypnum hamulosum	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02
鼠尾藓 Myuroclada maximowiczii	-	0.01	-	-
半栉小金发藓 Pogonatum subfuscatum	-	-	-	0.01
高山拟金发藓 Polytrichastrum alpinum	0.09	0.01	-	0.03
台湾拟金发藓 Polytrichastrum formosum	-	-	-	0
卵叶长喙藓 Rhynchostegium ovalifolium	-	-	-	0
疣拟垂枝藓 Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus	0.01	0.01	0.08	0.25
垂枝藓 Rhytidium rugosum	0.19	-	0	-
大羽藓 Thuidium cymbifolium	1.52	1.43	1.77	1.63