Influence of light intensity on growth of Datura stramonium and D. stramonium var. tatual

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00243

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Our objective was to investigate the influence of light intensity on growth of Datura stramonium and D. stramonium var. tatual.
Methods Plants of D. stramonium var. tatual and D. stramonium were grown under five levels of light intensity in light incubators. We determined plant growth and pigment concentrations in leaves and stems and studied leaf anatomy.
Important findings Both plants grew best under 13 000 and 18 000 lx and had increased leaf and stem biomass with increased light intensity. Under the same light intensity, stem length, basal stem diameter, blade number, bud length, leaf and stem biomass of D. stramonium var. tatual appeared higher than those of D. stramonium, but most differences were statistically insignificant. Leaf, palisade and spongy thickness and stomatal density and index all increased with increasing light intensity. Under the same light intensity, stomatal density and index of D. stramonium var. tatual were significantly higher than those of D. stramonium. For both species, chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid concentrations in leaves showed open downward parabolic trends with increasing light intensity. Chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid concentrations increased with increasing light intensity in stems of D. stramonium var. tatual, but showed open downward parabolic trends in D. stramonium. Concentrations of anthocyanin, flavonoids, and total phenols of the two species increased with increasing light intensity. Stems of D. stramonium var. tatual became purple, presumably due to high levels of anthocyanin, flavonoids and total phenols. Higher levels of anthocyanin, flavonoids and total phenols, together with the higher stomatal density and index, may account for the wider distribution of D. stramonium var. tatual.

Key words: Datura stramonium, Datura stramonium var. tatual, leaf anatomy, light intensity, pigment concentration

MAO Li-Yan, MU Xiao-Qian, DONG Gai-Gai, CUI Hong-An, RAN Jun-Xiang. Influence of light intensity on growth of Datura stramonium and D. stramonium var. tatual[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2012, 36(3): 243-252.

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Figures/Tables 4

References 34

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	光照强度 Light intensity (lx)	株高 Stem length (cm)	基茎粗 Basal stem diameter (mm)	叶片数目Number of blade	花蕾长 Bud length (cm)	茎生物量 Stem biomass (g·plant^-1)	叶生物量 Leaf biomass (g·plant^-1)	比叶面积Specific leaf area (m²·kg^-1)
曼陀罗 D. stramonium	5 000	5.92 ± 0.42^a	1.49 ± 0.13^a	3.9 ± 0.6^a	-	0.002 4 ± 0.001 6^a	0.005 8 ± 0.001 0^a	88.69 ± 1.81^d
	9 000	7.45 ± 0.89^b	2.29 ± 0.06^b	4.6 ± 0.5^c	0.50 ± 0.17^a	0.004 4 ± 0.001 3^a	0.010 6 ± 0.001 1^a	77.90 ± 1.59^c
	13 000	10.35 ± 0.77^c	2.47 ± 0.18^c	4.6 ± 0.5^c	2.28 ± 0.31^b	0.017 5 ± 0.004 0^b	0.022 3 ± 0.004 2^b	76.99 ± 1.94^c
	18 000	11.55 ± 0.97^d	2.37 ± 0.18^bc	4.4 ± 0.5^bc	2.58 ± 0.28^c	0.019 9 ± 0.054 3^b	0.023 7 ± 0.003 3^b	74.76 ± 1.87^b
	22 000	10.35 ± 0.32^c	2.36 ± 0.14^bc	4.1 ± 0.6^ab	3.55 ± 0.32^d	0.027 2 ± 0.002 6^c	0.032 5 ± 0.003 2^c	20.11 ± 1.74^a
紫花曼陀罗 D. stramonium var. tatual	5 000	6.77 ± 0.44^a	1.65 ± 0.11^a	4.1 ± 0.3^a	-	0.003 8 ± 0.001 8^a	0.007 6 ± 0.001 4^a	81.66 ± 1.58^d
	9 000	6.89 ± 0.58^a	2.26 ± 0.21^b	5.4 ± 0.5^c	-	0.005 2 ± 0.001 6^a	0.013 2 ± 0.003 0^b	79.43 ± 1.79^d
	13 000	11.30 ± 0.43^b	2.48 ± 0.14^c	5.4 ± 0.5^c	1.88 ± 0.40^a	0.022 6 ± 0.006 0^b	0.023 7 ± 0.003 2^c	76.40 ± 1.10^c
	18 000	12.48 ± 0.93^d	2.38 ± 0.28^bc	5.0 ± 0.0^b	2.37 ± 0.25^b	0.023 4 ± 0.006 1^b	0.024 2 ± 0.004 4^c	72.48 ± 1.78^b
	22 000	12.15 ± 0.91^c	2.24 ± 0.14^c	4.0 ± 0.5^a	3.44 ± 0.54^c	0.031 9 ± 0.003 6^c	0.033 6 ± 0.003 6^d	33.12 ± 1.78^a

	光照强度 Light intensity (lx)	株高 Stem length (cm)	基茎粗 Basal stem diameter (mm)	叶片数目Number of blade	花蕾长 Bud length (cm)	茎生物量 Stem biomass (g·plant^-1)	叶生物量 Leaf biomass (g·plant^-1)	比叶面积Specific leaf area (m²·kg^-1)
曼陀罗 D. stramonium	5 000	5.92 ± 0.42^a	1.49 ± 0.13^a	3.9 ± 0.6^a	-	0.002 4 ± 0.001 6^a	0.005 8 ± 0.001 0^a	88.69 ± 1.81^d
	9 000	7.45 ± 0.89^b	2.29 ± 0.06^b	4.6 ± 0.5^c	0.50 ± 0.17^a	0.004 4 ± 0.001 3^a	0.010 6 ± 0.001 1^a	77.90 ± 1.59^c
	13 000	10.35 ± 0.77^c	2.47 ± 0.18^c	4.6 ± 0.5^c	2.28 ± 0.31^b	0.017 5 ± 0.004 0^b	0.022 3 ± 0.004 2^b	76.99 ± 1.94^c
	18 000	11.55 ± 0.97^d	2.37 ± 0.18^bc	4.4 ± 0.5^bc	2.58 ± 0.28^c	0.019 9 ± 0.054 3^b	0.023 7 ± 0.003 3^b	74.76 ± 1.87^b
	22 000	10.35 ± 0.32^c	2.36 ± 0.14^bc	4.1 ± 0.6^ab	3.55 ± 0.32^d	0.027 2 ± 0.002 6^c	0.032 5 ± 0.003 2^c	20.11 ± 1.74^a
紫花曼陀罗 D. stramonium var. tatual	5 000	6.77 ± 0.44^a	1.65 ± 0.11^a	4.1 ± 0.3^a	-	0.003 8 ± 0.001 8^a	0.007 6 ± 0.001 4^a	81.66 ± 1.58^d
	9 000	6.89 ± 0.58^a	2.26 ± 0.21^b	5.4 ± 0.5^c	-	0.005 2 ± 0.001 6^a	0.013 2 ± 0.003 0^b	79.43 ± 1.79^d
	13 000	11.30 ± 0.43^b	2.48 ± 0.14^c	5.4 ± 0.5^c	1.88 ± 0.40^a	0.022 6 ± 0.006 0^b	0.023 7 ± 0.003 2^c	76.40 ± 1.10^c
	18 000	12.48 ± 0.93^d	2.38 ± 0.28^bc	5.0 ± 0.0^b	2.37 ± 0.25^b	0.023 4 ± 0.006 1^b	0.024 2 ± 0.004 4^c	72.48 ± 1.78^b
	22 000	12.15 ± 0.91^c	2.24 ± 0.14^c	4.0 ± 0.5^a	3.44 ± 0.54^c	0.031 9 ± 0.003 6^c	0.033 6 ± 0.003 6^d	33.12 ± 1.78^a

光照强度 Light intensity (lx)			5 000	9 000	13 000	18 000	2 2000
曼陀罗 D. stramonium	叶片厚度 Thickness of leaf (μm)		105.44 ± 2.28^a	121.94 ± 4.57^b	134.99 ± 2.54^c	147.50 ± 3.08^d	159.51 ± 4.56^e
	栅栏组织厚度 Thickness of palisade (P) (μm)		37.28 ± 3.22^a	42.31 ± 2.77^a	46.74 ± 2.62^b	56.02 ± 4.63^c	58.39 ± 2.43^c
	海绵组织厚度 Thickness of spongy (S) (μm)		51.86 ± 5.57^a	53.96 ± 4.46^a	60.43 ± 3.44^b	69.660 ± 3.142^c	70.92 ± 4.58^c
	栅栏组织厚度/海绵组织厚度 P/S		0.719 ± 0.035^a	0.784 ± 0.023^b	0.773 ± 0.042^b	0.804 ± 0.064^bc	0.823 ± 0.027^c
	气孔密度 Stomatic density (ind.·mm^-2)	上表皮 Upper surface	55.91 ± 5.81^a	58.53 ± 7.50^a	100.25 ± 3.53^b	143.72 ± 10.21^c	194.32 ± 7.00^d
	气孔密度 Stomatic density (ind.·mm^-2)	下表皮 Lower surface	102.31 ± 9.37^a	107.43 ± 6.66^a	152.12 ± 6.99^b	202.32 ± 10.37^c	285.89 ± 8.59^d
	气孔指数 Stomatal index (%)	上表皮 Upper surface	19.44 ± 2.69^a	23.11 ± 3.87^a	38.32 ± 2.22^b	47.95 ± 1.64^c	56.61 ± 3.33^d
	气孔指数 Stomatal index (%)	下表皮 Lower surface	37.90 ± 1.98^a	38.43 ± 1.39^a	49.42 ± 4.42^b	64.30 ± 2.98^c	65.51 ± 2.42^c
紫花曼陀罗 D. stramonium var. tatual	叶片厚度 Thickness of leaf (μm)		109.26 ± 2.53^a	113.34 ± 2.51^a	130.67 ± 3.94^b	150.13 ± 4.57^c	156.47 ± 3.50^c
	栅栏组织厚度 Thickness of palisade (P) (μm)		38.69 ± 2.30^a	41.30 ± 2.46^a	47.30 ± 1.41^b	57.40 ± 2.76^c	64.65 ± 3.31^d
	海绵组织厚度 Thickness of spongy (S) (μm)		51.88 ± 2.87^a	52.87 ± 2.97^a	60.75 ± 3.93^b	68.47 ± 3.37^c	70.80 ± 4.81^c
	栅栏组织厚度/海绵组织厚度 P/S		0.746 ± 0.027^a	0.781 ± 0.012^ab	0.779 ± 0.021^ab	0.840 ± 0.084b^c	0.918 ± 0.029^c
	气孔密度 Stomatic density (ind.·mm^-2)	上表皮 Upper surface	52.83 ± 7.54^a	69.02 ± 7.19^b	112.314 ± 13.910^c	121.01 ± 7.63^c	191.83 ± 16.02^d
	气孔密度 Stomatic density (ind.·mm^-2)	下表皮 Lower surface	104.68 ± 10.92^a	126.51 ± 8.23^b	175.33 ± 10.21^c	197.76 ± 15.25^d	314.56 ± 14.07^e
	气孔指数 Stomatal index (%)	上表皮 Upper surface	18.33 ± 1.34^a	21.57 ± 2.23^b	29.33 ± 1.47^c	30.63 ± 0.84^c	33.72 ± 1.27^d
	气孔指数 Stomatal index (%)	下表皮 Lower surface	28.85 ± 0.78^a	33.26 ± 1.50^b	40.34 ± 1.94^c	41.12 ± 0.76^c	43.41 ± 0.75^d

光照强度 Light intensity (lx)			5 000	9 000	13 000	18 000	2 2000
曼陀罗 D. stramonium	叶片厚度 Thickness of leaf (μm)		105.44 ± 2.28^a	121.94 ± 4.57^b	134.99 ± 2.54^c	147.50 ± 3.08^d	159.51 ± 4.56^e
	栅栏组织厚度 Thickness of palisade (P) (μm)		37.28 ± 3.22^a	42.31 ± 2.77^a	46.74 ± 2.62^b	56.02 ± 4.63^c	58.39 ± 2.43^c
	海绵组织厚度 Thickness of spongy (S) (μm)		51.86 ± 5.57^a	53.96 ± 4.46^a	60.43 ± 3.44^b	69.660 ± 3.142^c	70.92 ± 4.58^c
	栅栏组织厚度/海绵组织厚度 P/S		0.719 ± 0.035^a	0.784 ± 0.023^b	0.773 ± 0.042^b	0.804 ± 0.064^bc	0.823 ± 0.027^c
	气孔密度 Stomatic density (ind.·mm^-2)	上表皮 Upper surface	55.91 ± 5.81^a	58.53 ± 7.50^a	100.25 ± 3.53^b	143.72 ± 10.21^c	194.32 ± 7.00^d
	气孔密度 Stomatic density (ind.·mm^-2)	下表皮 Lower surface	102.31 ± 9.37^a	107.43 ± 6.66^a	152.12 ± 6.99^b	202.32 ± 10.37^c	285.89 ± 8.59^d
	气孔指数 Stomatal index (%)	上表皮 Upper surface	19.44 ± 2.69^a	23.11 ± 3.87^a	38.32 ± 2.22^b	47.95 ± 1.64^c	56.61 ± 3.33^d
	气孔指数 Stomatal index (%)	下表皮 Lower surface	37.90 ± 1.98^a	38.43 ± 1.39^a	49.42 ± 4.42^b	64.30 ± 2.98^c	65.51 ± 2.42^c
紫花曼陀罗 D. stramonium var. tatual	叶片厚度 Thickness of leaf (μm)		109.26 ± 2.53^a	113.34 ± 2.51^a	130.67 ± 3.94^b	150.13 ± 4.57^c	156.47 ± 3.50^c
	栅栏组织厚度 Thickness of palisade (P) (μm)		38.69 ± 2.30^a	41.30 ± 2.46^a	47.30 ± 1.41^b	57.40 ± 2.76^c	64.65 ± 3.31^d
	海绵组织厚度 Thickness of spongy (S) (μm)		51.88 ± 2.87^a	52.87 ± 2.97^a	60.75 ± 3.93^b	68.47 ± 3.37^c	70.80 ± 4.81^c
	栅栏组织厚度/海绵组织厚度 P/S		0.746 ± 0.027^a	0.781 ± 0.012^ab	0.779 ± 0.021^ab	0.840 ± 0.084b^c	0.918 ± 0.029^c
	气孔密度 Stomatic density (ind.·mm^-2)	上表皮 Upper surface	52.83 ± 7.54^a	69.02 ± 7.19^b	112.314 ± 13.910^c	121.01 ± 7.63^c	191.83 ± 16.02^d
	气孔密度 Stomatic density (ind.·mm^-2)	下表皮 Lower surface	104.68 ± 10.92^a	126.51 ± 8.23^b	175.33 ± 10.21^c	197.76 ± 15.25^d	314.56 ± 14.07^e
	气孔指数 Stomatal index (%)	上表皮 Upper surface	18.33 ± 1.34^a	21.57 ± 2.23^b	29.33 ± 1.47^c	30.63 ± 0.84^c	33.72 ± 1.27^d
	气孔指数 Stomatal index (%)	下表皮 Lower surface	28.85 ± 0.78^a	33.26 ± 1.50^b	40.34 ± 1.94^c	41.12 ± 0.76^c	43.41 ± 0.75^d