Growth effects and accumulations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in rape

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00115

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a large class of ubiquitously occurring persistent organic pollutants (POP). Plants can take up PAHs through atmospheric sedimentation and sewage irrigation, resulting in serious hazards on the food safety and human’s health. Our objective was to investigate the effects of fluoranthene (FLU) and benzo-a-pyrene (B[a]P) on growth, physiological performance, and quality of rape (Brassica chinensis), and to understand their patterns of accumulations in stem and leaves.
Methods Rape seedlings were transplanted to grow in soils with different rates of FLU and B[a]P addition, i.e. 0, 0.5, 1.0, 5.0, and 10.0 mg·kg^-1, respectively. Growth indicators including leaf length, leaf width, plant height and aboveground biomass, and physiological properties including photosynthetic rate (P_n), chlorophyll content, and the content of vitamin C were measured to determine the effects of the two PAHs on rape. Accumulations of FLU and B[a]P were measured by the method of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Pearson correlation analysis was performed to investigate the relationships between the accumulations of the PAHs and various growth indicators.
Important findings We found that the accumulated concentrations of FLU and B[a]P in rapes increased with the level of FLU and B[a]P in soils. The accumulations of FLU in stems and leaves differed significantly (p < 0.05) among treatments with different rates of FLU addition. As compared with the control (CK), the accumulations of B[a]P in rapes significantly increased in treatments with 5.0 and 10.0 mg·kg^-1 B[a]P addition, and the highest amount of accumulation at 10 mg·kg^-1 was below the national food security standard. Low concentrations of FLU and B[a]P had positive effects on leaf length, leaf width and the aboveground biomass; whereas high concentrations had negative impacts. As compared with CK, plant height and P_n significantly decreased with of the level of FLU and B[a]P treatments. Chlorophyll content increased at lower concentrations but declined at higher concentrations. Overall, the reduced vitamin C was inhibited by FLU; it was lowest at 5.0 mg·kg^-1 of FLU. The reduced vitamin C varied irregularly with B[a]P treatments; it increased slightly at 0.5 mg·kg^-1of B[a]P and was lowest at 5.0 mg·kg^-1 of B[a]P, compared with CK.

Key words: accumulation characteristics, benzo-a-pyrene (B[a]P), Brassica chinensis, fluoranthene (FLU), physiological response, reduced vitamin C

WANG Hai-Cui, HU Lin-Lin, LI Min, CHEN Wei-Feng, WANG Ying, ZHOU Jia-Jia. Growth effects and accumulations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in rape[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2013, 37(12): 1123-1131.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00115

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2013/V37/I12/1123

Figures/Tables 7

References 37

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指标 Indicator	苯并[a]芘 B[a]P	荧蒽 FLU
施入土壤中污染物浓度 Pollutant concentration added in soil	0.953^**	0.958^**
叶长 Leaf length	-0.011	-0.339
叶宽 Leaf width	-0.019	-0.318
株高 Plant height	-0.918^**	-0.953^**
地上生物量 Aboveground biomass	-0.548^*	-0.554^*
光合速率 Photosynthetic rate	-0.904^**	-0.242
叶绿素 Chlorophyll	-0.801^**	-0.909^**
叶绿素a Chlorophyll a	-0.816^**	-0.909^**
叶绿素b Chlorophyll b	-0.744^**	-0.896^**
还原性维生素C Reducing vitamin C	-0.477	-0.446

指标 Indicator	苯并[a]芘 B[a]P	荧蒽 FLU
施入土壤中污染物浓度 Pollutant concentration added in soil	0.953^**	0.958^**
叶长 Leaf length	-0.011	-0.339
叶宽 Leaf width	-0.019	-0.318
株高 Plant height	-0.918^**	-0.953^**
地上生物量 Aboveground biomass	-0.548^*	-0.554^*
光合速率 Photosynthetic rate	-0.904^**	-0.242
叶绿素 Chlorophyll	-0.801^**	-0.909^**
叶绿素a Chlorophyll a	-0.816^**	-0.909^**
叶绿素b Chlorophyll b	-0.744^**	-0.896^**
还原性维生素C Reducing vitamin C	-0.477	-0.446

污染物 Pollutant	浓度 Concentration (mg·kg^-1)	叶长 Leaf length (cm)	叶宽 Leaf width (cm)	株高 Plant height (cm)	地上部生物量 Aboveground biomass (g·pot^-1)
B[a]P	0	12.54 ± 0.162^bc	8.01 ± 0.076^b	28.99 ± 0.275^a	205.67 ± 1.764^b
	0.5	11.67 ± 0.211^c	8.08 ± 0.232^b	26.65 ± 0.491^b	191.67 ± 5.044^b
	1.0	12.77 ± 0.216^ab	8.39 ± 0.591^b	24.86 ± 0.267^c	249.00 ± 4.583^a
	5.0	13.67 ± 0.309^a	9.98 ± 0.643^a	23.97 ± 0.543^c	199.67 ± 6.642^b
	10.0	11.84 ± 0.484^bc	7.45 ± 0.484^b	22.73 ± 0.135^d	154.33 ± 6.119^c
FLU	0	12.54 ± 0.162^a	8.01 ± 0.076^b	28.99 ± 0.275^a	205.67 ± 1.764^cd
	0.5	13.52 ± 0.993^a	10.10 ± 0.865^a	27.55 ± 0.492^b	239.33 ± 10.039^ab
	1.0	13.56 ± 0.423^a	9.10 ± 0.787^ab	27.14 ± 0.516^b	260.67 ± 4.177^a
	5.0	13.02 ± 0.637^a	9.00 ± 0.562^ab	23.59 ± 0.358^c	218.05 ± 14.189^c
	10.0	11.97 ± 0.770^a	7.76 ± 0.255^b	22.58 ± 0.133^c	183.13 ± 7.024^d

污染物 Pollutant	浓度 Concentration (mg·kg^-1)	叶长 Leaf length (cm)	叶宽 Leaf width (cm)	株高 Plant height (cm)	地上部生物量 Aboveground biomass (g·pot^-1)
B[a]P	0	12.54 ± 0.162^bc	8.01 ± 0.076^b	28.99 ± 0.275^a	205.67 ± 1.764^b
	0.5	11.67 ± 0.211^c	8.08 ± 0.232^b	26.65 ± 0.491^b	191.67 ± 5.044^b
	1.0	12.77 ± 0.216^ab	8.39 ± 0.591^b	24.86 ± 0.267^c	249.00 ± 4.583^a
	5.0	13.67 ± 0.309^a	9.98 ± 0.643^a	23.97 ± 0.543^c	199.67 ± 6.642^b
	10.0	11.84 ± 0.484^bc	7.45 ± 0.484^b	22.73 ± 0.135^d	154.33 ± 6.119^c
FLU	0	12.54 ± 0.162^a	8.01 ± 0.076^b	28.99 ± 0.275^a	205.67 ± 1.764^cd
	0.5	13.52 ± 0.993^a	10.10 ± 0.865^a	27.55 ± 0.492^b	239.33 ± 10.039^ab
	1.0	13.56 ± 0.423^a	9.10 ± 0.787^ab	27.14 ± 0.516^b	260.67 ± 4.177^a
	5.0	13.02 ± 0.637^a	9.00 ± 0.562^ab	23.59 ± 0.358^c	218.05 ± 14.189^c
	10.0	11.97 ± 0.770^a	7.76 ± 0.255^b	22.58 ± 0.133^c	183.13 ± 7.024^d

浓度 Concentration (mg·kg^-1)	荧蒽 FLU			苯并[a]芘 B[a]P
浓度 Concentration (mg·kg^-1)	叶绿素含量 Chl a + Chl b (mg·kg^-1)	叶绿素a含量 Chl a (mg·kg^-1)	叶绿素b含量 Chl b (mg·kg^-1)	叶绿素含量 Chl a + Chl b (mg·kg^-1)	叶绿素a含量 Chl a (mg·kg^-1)	叶绿素b含量 Chl b (mg·kg^-1)
0	1.539 ± 0.081^b	1.102 ± .0055^b	0.437 ± 0.028^b	1.539 ± 0.081^b	1.102 ± 0.055^b	0.437 ± 0.028^b
0.5	1.938 ± 0.033^a	1.412 ± 0.026^a	0.526 ± 0.007^a	2.079 ± 0.064^a	1.470 ± 0.053^a	0.609 ± 0.012^a
1.0	1.511 ± 0.024^b	1.061 ± 0.019^b	0.451 ± 0.005^b	1.517 ± 0.013^b	1.094 ± 0.019^b	0.423 ± 0.004^b
5.0	1.120 ± 0.009^c	0.757 ± 0.008^c	0.363 ± 0.004^c	1.317 ± 0.027^c	0.899 ± 0.008^c	0.417 ± 0.003^b
10.0	0.876 ± 0.017^d	0.589 ± 0.014^d	0.287 ± 0.006^d	0.832 ± 0044^d	0.575 ± 0.014^d	0.257 ± 0.015^c