Characteristics of Juniperus community types in the Three-River-Source Region

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2021.0223

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Juniperus community is an important component of natural forest resources in the Three-River-Source Region, which is significant in maintaining biodiversity and ecological security on the Qingzang Plateau. Yet, the information on the characteristics of the Juniperus community is lacking due to their special geographical location and varied topography. In this study, the main vegetation types of Juniperus community were investigated, and the main characteristics of each community type were described quantitatively by analyzing data from 53 plots. Methods Based on the analysis of forest resources inventory data in the Three-River-Source Region, the representative distribution area of Juniperus was selected to set up 7 sites, a total of 53 plots. Through the investigation of field communities and plot properties, the importance of each species was quantified and calculated. The principle of life form and dominance methods in Vegetation of China were used to determine community types. Important findings (1) The Juniperus plant community in the Three-River-Source Region was divided into 6 alliances, and then further divided into 15 associations. (2) In total, 142 species of seed plants were recorded, which was belonged to 34 families and 90 genera. Among them, Compositae was the major family, accounting for 16.20% of the total species. (3) The vertical structure of the community was obvious, in which the dominant species in the tree layer was single. The dominant species in the shrub layer were Berberis diaphana, Potentilla glabra and shrubby Juniperus tibetica. The herb layer were dominated by Carex and Pedicularis. (4) Among the geographical elements of seed plant species, the Temperate distribution accounted for 52.59% of the total species, while the rest was Chinese endemic species accounting for 47.41%. Temperate Asian, East Asian and Central Asian were the dominated areal-types in the Temperate distribution. Furthermore, the floristic elements of Hengduanshan flora and Tanggut flora were mixed formed the unique characteristic areal-type in the region.

Key words: plant community type, Juniperus, Three-River-Source Region, areal-type, species composition

Qin ZHU, Pan NING, Lin HOU, Jia-Tian HAO, Yun-Yun HU. Characteristics of Juniperus community types in the Three-River-Source Region[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2022, 46(1): 114-122.

Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2021.0223

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2022/V46/I1/114

Figures/Tables 4

References 18

[1]	Editorial Board of the Vegetation of China(1980). Vegetation of China. Science Press, Beijing.
	[ 中国植被编辑委员会 (1980). 中国植被. 科学出版社, 北京.]
[2]	Fang JY, Guo K, Wang GH, Tang ZY, Xie ZQ, Shen ZH, Wang RQ, Qiang S, Liang CZ, Da LJ, Yu D (2020). Vegetation classification system and classification of vegetation types used for the compilation of vegetation of China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 44, 96-110. DOI URL
	[ 方精云, 郭柯, 王国宏, 唐志尧, 谢宗强, 沈泽昊, 王仁卿, 强胜, 梁存柱, 达良俊, 于丹 (2020). 《中国植被志》的植被分类系统、植被类型划分及编排体系. 植物生态学报, 44, 96-110.] DOI
[3]	Goosem M, Paz C, Fensham R, Preece N, Goosem S, Laurance SGW (2016). Forest age and isolation affect the rate of recovery of plant species diversity and community composition in secondary rain forests in tropical Australia. Journal of Vegetation Science, 27, 504-514.
[4]	Guo QQ, Chi X, Wang SL, Ren YH, Zheng WL (2019). Types and species diversity of Cupressus communities in Southeast Tibet, China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 30, 735-742.
	[ 郭其强, 池翔, 汪书丽, 任毅华, 郑维列 (2019). 西藏东南部柏木属群落类型及物种多样性. 应用生态学报, 30, 735-742.]
[5]	Guo K, Fang JY, Wang GH, Tang ZY, Xie ZQ, Shen ZH, Wang RQ, Qiang S, Liang CZ, Da LJ, Yu D (2020). A revised scheme of vegetation classification system of China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 44, 111-127. DOI URL
	[ 郭柯, 方精云, 王国宏, 唐志尧, 谢宗强, 沈泽昊, 王仁卿, 强胜, 梁存柱, 达良俊, 于丹 (2020). 中国植被分类系统修订方案. 植物生态学报, 44, 111-127.] DOI
[6]	He YJ, Cui GF, Zou DL, Zheng J, Dong JS, Li YB (2007). Plant species diversity of main forest community types in San Jiangyuan National Nature Reserve. Forest Research, 20, 241-245.
	何友均, 崔国发, 邹大林, 郑杰, 董建生, 李永波 (2007). 三江源自然保护区主要森林群落物种多样性研究. 林业科学研究, 20, 241-245.]
[7]	Li HX, Liu GH, Fu BJ (2011). Response of vegetation to climate change and human activity based on NDVI in the Three-River Headwaters region. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 31, 5495-5504.
	[ 李辉霞, 刘国华, 傅伯杰 (2011). 基于NDVI的三江源地区植被生长对气候变化和人类活动的响应研究. 生态学报, 31, 5495-5504.]
[8]	Pan YF, Liang ZH, Li JB, Liang SC, Jiang Y, Wu HP, Wang JJ, Fu RJ, Zhou JM (2021). Community structure and species diversity of evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest in karst hills of Guilin. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 41, 2451-2459.
	[ 盘远方, 梁志慧, 李嘉宝, 梁士楚, 姜勇, 吴华萍, 王菁菁, 傅瑞静, 周健梅 (2021). 桂林岩溶石山常绿落叶阔叶混交林群落结构与物种多样性. 生态学报, 41, 2451-2459.]
[9]	Song FS, Fang OY (2019). Research on history of Juniperus tibetica growth decline in Three-River-Source National Park. Journal of Forest and Environment, 39, 386-392.
	[ 宋馥杉, 方欧娅 (2019). 三江源国家公园大果圆柏生长衰退历史研究. 森林与环境学报, 39, 386-392.]
[16]	Wu YH (2009). Floristic study on the source area of Lancangjiang (Mekong river), China. Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research, 27, 277-289.
	[ 吴玉虎 (2009). 澜沧江源区种子植物区系研究. 武汉植物学研究, 27, 277- 289.]
[17]	Wu GL, Wang D, Liu Y, Ding LM, Liu ZH (2017). Warm- season grazing benefits species diversity conservation and topsoil nutrient sequestration in alpine meadow. Land Degradation & Development, 28, 1311-1319. DOI URL
[15]	[ 吴玉虎 (2000). 长江源区植物区系研究. 西北植物学报, 20, 1086-1101.]
	Wu YH (2000). The floristic characteristics in the source area of Changjiang (Yangtze) River. Acta Botanica Boreali- Occidentalia Sinica, 20, 1086-1101.
[14]	[ 王国宏, 方精云, 郭柯, 谢宗强, 唐志尧, 沈泽昊, 王仁卿, 王襄平, 王德利, 强胜, 于丹, 彭少麟, 达良俊, 刘庆, 梁存柱 (2020). 《中国植被志》研编内容与规范. 植物生态学报, 44,128-178.] DOI
	Wang GH, Fang JY, Guo K, Xie ZQ, Tang ZY, Shen ZH, Wang RQ, Wang XP, Wang DL, Qiang S, Yu D, Peng SL, Da LJ, Liu Q, Liang CZ (2020). Contents and protocols for the classification and description of Vegetation Formations, Alliances and Associations of vegetation of China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 44, 128-178. DOI
[13]	[ 孙庆龄, 李宝林, 李飞, 张志军, 丁玲玲, 张涛, 许丽丽 (2016). 三江源植被净初级生产力估算研究进展. 地理学报, 71, 1596-1612.] DOI
	Sun QL, Li BL, Li F, Zhang ZJ, Ding LL, Zhang T, Xu LL (2016). Review on the estimation of net primary productivity of vegetation in the Three-River Headwater Region, China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 71, 1596-1612.
[12]	[ 孙海群, 石红霄, 马雷 (2013). 三江源自然保护区种子植物区系分析. 中国草地学报, 35, 85-91.]
	Sun HQ, Shi HX, Ma L (2013). Floristic Study on Sanjiangyuan National Nature Reserve. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 27, 504-514.
[11]	宋瑞玲, 王昊, 张迪, 吕植, 朱子云, 张璐, 刘炎林, 才文公保, 吴岚 (2018). 基于MODIS-EVI评估三江源高寒草地的保护成效. 生物多样性, 26, 149-157.] DOI
	Song RL, Wang H, Zhang D, Lü Z, Zhu ZY, Zhang L, Liu YL, Caiwen GB, Wu L (2018). Conservation outcomes assessment of Sanjiangyuan alpine grassland with MODIS- EVI approach. Biodiversity Science, 26, 149-157.
[10]	[ 宋梅玲, 王玉琴, 鲍根生, 王宏生 (2020). 狼毒防除对高寒草地群落植物养分重吸收的影响. 草业学报, 29, 47-57.]
	Song ML, Wang YQ, Bao GS, Wang HS (2020). Effect of Stellera chamaejasme removal on the nutrient resorption of plants in an alpine grassland community. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 29, 47-57.
[20]	[ 钟悦鸣, 王健铭, 张天汉, 李景文, 冯益明, 卢琦 (2017). 中国青藏高原北部戈壁区种子植物物种组成及其区系特征. 植物科学学报, 35, 525-533.]
	Zhong YM, Wang JM, Zhang TH, Li JW, Feng YM, Lu Q (2017). Composition of seed plant species and floristic features in the Gobi area of the northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China. Plant Science Journal, 35, 525-533.
[19]	[ 张静, 才文代吉, 谢永萍, 李德凯, 李海燕, 孙海群 (2019). 三江源国家公园种子植物区系特征分析. 西北植物学报, 39, 935-947.]
	Zhang J, Caiwen DJ, Xie YP, Li DK, Li HY, Sun HQ (2019). Characteristics on the flora of seed plants in Sanjiangyuan National Park. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 39, 935-947.
[18]	[ 张静, 陈志林, 侯晓巍, 闫义生, 井赛, 侯琳 (2020). 三江源区祁连圆柏群落物种多样性沿海拔梯度的变化格局. 西北植物学报, 40, 1759-1767.]
	Zhang J, Chen ZL, Hou XW, Yan YS, Jing S, Hou L (2020). Species diversity of Juniperus przewalskii community in three river headwater along altitude gradient. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 40, 1759-1767.

群丛 Association	样地号 No. of plot	分布地 Location	海拔 Altitude (m)	坡向 Aspect	坡度 Slope gradient (°)	林分平均胸径 Stand average DBH (cm)	林分平均高 Stand mean height (m)
I	37, 38, 49	ZK	2 930-3 322	阳坡或半阳坡 Sunny slope or half sunny slope	24-38	29.5 ± 7.9	8.8 ± 0.9
II	32, 34	ZK	3 020-3 082	阳坡 Sunny slope	31-37	20.7 ± 0.0	8.5 ± 0.2
III	31, 33, 35, 36	ZK	2 940-3 100	阳坡 Sunny slope	34-40	22.3 ± 4.2	8.5 ± 0.8
IV	42, 43, 44	TD	3 360-3 420	阳坡 Sunny slope	25-32	28.8 ± 6.7	10.0 ± 2.3
V	39, 40, 41	TD	3 322-3 350	阴坡 Shady slope	25-30	35.0 ± 2.7	7.4 ± 1.9
VI	45, 46, 47, 48, 50	XH	3 630-3 800	阳坡或半阳坡 Sunny slope or half sunny slope	31-39	32.0 ± 11.3	9.4 ± 2.5
VII	14, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30	NQ	3 640-4 170	阳坡 Sunny slope	33-40	23.1 ± 9.1	6.3 ± 1.3
VIII	7, 8, 11, 12	BM	3 710-3 755	阳坡或半阳坡 Sunny slope or half sunny slope	22-30	19.5 ± 4.3	6.2 ± 1.0
IX	9	BM	3 660	阳坡 Sunny slope	38	17.6	5.4
X	18, 19, 20, 21, 22	YS	3 532-3 755	阳坡或半阳坡 Sunny slope or half sunny slope	29-34	22.8 ± 4.0	7.8 ± 0.6
XI	1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6	BM	3 573-3 600	阳坡或半阳坡 Sunny slope or half sunny slope	24-33	17.0 ± 4.8	6.2 ± 0.4
XII	51, 52, 53	ZD	4 102-4 290	阳坡 Sunny slope	32-40	-	-
XIII	15, 16, 17	NQ	3 972-4 060	阳坡 Sunny slope	29-35	-	-
XIV	10	BM	3 790	阳坡 Sunny slope	49	-	-
XV	13	NQ	3 800	阴坡 Shady slope	28	-	-

群丛 Association	样地号 No. of plot	分布地 Location	海拔 Altitude (m)	坡向 Aspect	坡度 Slope gradient (°)	林分平均胸径 Stand average DBH (cm)	林分平均高 Stand mean height (m)
I	37, 38, 49	ZK	2 930-3 322	阳坡或半阳坡 Sunny slope or half sunny slope	24-38	29.5 ± 7.9	8.8 ± 0.9
II	32, 34	ZK	3 020-3 082	阳坡 Sunny slope	31-37	20.7 ± 0.0	8.5 ± 0.2
III	31, 33, 35, 36	ZK	2 940-3 100	阳坡 Sunny slope	34-40	22.3 ± 4.2	8.5 ± 0.8
IV	42, 43, 44	TD	3 360-3 420	阳坡 Sunny slope	25-32	28.8 ± 6.7	10.0 ± 2.3
V	39, 40, 41	TD	3 322-3 350	阴坡 Shady slope	25-30	35.0 ± 2.7	7.4 ± 1.9
VI	45, 46, 47, 48, 50	XH	3 630-3 800	阳坡或半阳坡 Sunny slope or half sunny slope	31-39	32.0 ± 11.3	9.4 ± 2.5
VII	14, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30	NQ	3 640-4 170	阳坡 Sunny slope	33-40	23.1 ± 9.1	6.3 ± 1.3
VIII	7, 8, 11, 12	BM	3 710-3 755	阳坡或半阳坡 Sunny slope or half sunny slope	22-30	19.5 ± 4.3	6.2 ± 1.0
IX	9	BM	3 660	阳坡 Sunny slope	38	17.6	5.4
X	18, 19, 20, 21, 22	YS	3 532-3 755	阳坡或半阳坡 Sunny slope or half sunny slope	29-34	22.8 ± 4.0	7.8 ± 0.6
XI	1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6	BM	3 573-3 600	阳坡或半阳坡 Sunny slope or half sunny slope	24-33	17.0 ± 4.8	6.2 ± 0.4
XII	51, 52, 53	ZD	4 102-4 290	阳坡 Sunny slope	32-40	-	-
XIII	15, 16, 17	NQ	3 972-4 060	阳坡 Sunny slope	29-35	-	-
XIV	10	BM	3 790	阳坡 Sunny slope	49	-	-
XV	13	NQ	3 800	阴坡 Shady slope	28	-	-

分布类型 Areal-type	种数 Species	占总种数的比例 Ratio to total species (%)
1. 世界分布 Cosmopolitan distribution	7	-
温带分布 Temperate distribution	71	52.59
8. 北温带 North Temperate	8	5.93
10. 旧世界温带 Old World Temperate	4	2.96
11. 温带亚洲 Temperate Asia	26	19.26
13. 中亚 Central Asia	13	9.63
13-0. 中亚广布 Pan-Central Asia	(3)	(2.22)
13-1. 中亚东部(亚洲中部) East Central Asia (Asia Media)	(6)	(4.44)
13-2. 中亚至喜马拉雅和我国西南 Central Asia to Himalaya & Southwest China	(4)	(2.96)
14. 东亚 East Asia	20	14.81
14-0. 东亚广布 Pan-East Asia	(4)	(2.96)
14-1. 中国-喜马拉雅 Sino-Himalaya	(15)	(11.11)
14-2. 中国日本 Sino-Japan	(1)	(0.74)
非中国特有种 Non-Chinese endemic species	78	-
15. 中国特有种 Endemic to China	64	47.41
合计(不含世界分布) Total (excluded the cosmopolitan distribution)	135	100

分布类型 Areal-type	种数 Species	占总种数的比例 Ratio to total species (%)
1. 世界分布 Cosmopolitan distribution	7	-
温带分布 Temperate distribution	71	52.59
8. 北温带 North Temperate	8	5.93
10. 旧世界温带 Old World Temperate	4	2.96
11. 温带亚洲 Temperate Asia	26	19.26
13. 中亚 Central Asia	13	9.63
13-0. 中亚广布 Pan-Central Asia	(3)	(2.22)
13-1. 中亚东部(亚洲中部) East Central Asia (Asia Media)	(6)	(4.44)
13-2. 中亚至喜马拉雅和我国西南 Central Asia to Himalaya & Southwest China	(4)	(2.96)
14. 东亚 East Asia	20	14.81
14-0. 东亚广布 Pan-East Asia	(4)	(2.96)
14-1. 中国-喜马拉雅 Sino-Himalaya	(15)	(11.11)
14-2. 中国日本 Sino-Japan	(1)	(0.74)
非中国特有种 Non-Chinese endemic species	78	-
15. 中国特有种 Endemic to China	64	47.41
合计(不含世界分布) Total (excluded the cosmopolitan distribution)	135	100

分布亚型 Areal-subtypes	种数 Species	占本类型比例 Ratio of this type (%)	占总种数的比例 Ratio to total species (%)
15-2. 三江源地区与唐古特地区共有 Species common to the Three-River Headwater Region and Tanggute Region	1	1.56	0.74
15-3. 三江源地区与中国其他地区共有 Species common to the Three-River Headwater Region and other areas in China	63	98.44	46.67
a. 西藏(北部)或(西北部) North Xizang or Northeast Xizang	(1)	(1.56)	(0.74)
b. 四川(西部) West Sichuan	(3)	(4.69)	(2.22)
c. 西藏-四川 Xizang and Sichuan	(2)	(3.13)	(1.48)
e. 四川-云南 Sichuan and Yunnan	(1)	(1.56)	(0.74)
f. 西南(藏、滇、川) Southwest China (Xizang, Sichuan and Yunnan)	(4)	(6.25)	(2.96)
g. 甘肃或甘肃(南部) Gansu or South Gansu	(4)	(6.25)	(2.96)
i. 四川-甘肃 Sichuan and Gansu	(7)	(10.94)	(5.19)
j. 西藏-四川-甘肃 Xizang, Sichuan and Gansu	(11)	(17.19)	(8.15)
k. 四川-甘肃-陕西 Sichuan, Gansu and Shaanxi	(1)	(1.56)	(0.74)
o. 甘肃-陕西 Gansu and Shaanxi	(1)	(1.56)	(0.74)
r. 西南-西北 Southwest & Northwest China	(11)	(17.19)	(8.15)
s. 西北-华北 Northwest & North China	(4)	(6.25)	(2.96)
t. 西南-西北-华北 Southwest, Northwest & North China	(6)	(9.38)	(4.44)
u. 北方(西北-华北-东北) North of China (Northwest, North and Northeast China)	(2)	(3.13)	(1.48)
v. 西南-西北-华中 Southwest, Northwest & Central China	(2)	(3.13)	(1.48)
w. 西南-西北-华北-华中 Southwest, Northwest, North & Central China	(1)	(1.56)	(0.74)
x. 北方-西南 North & Southwest China	(1)	(1.56)	(0.74)
z. 北方-南方 Throughout mainland China	(1)	(1.56)	(0.74)
合计 Total	64	100	47.41