Distribution of soil organic carbon content and its influencing factors in different vegetation type on northern foot of Qinling Mountains

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2025.0032

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Exploring the high-precision distribution and influencing factors of soil organic carbon (SOC) content under different vegetation types in the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains, which is of great significance for accurately assessing the region’s soil carbon pool and evaluating its ecosystem service functions.

Methods Taking the typical vegetation types of broadleaf forest, coniferous forest, shrubland, grassland, and cropland in the ecological protection area of the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains as the research objects, this study evaluated the distribution patterns of SOC in the 0-100 cm soil profile across these five vegetation types based on a large amount of SOC data obtained from 431 sample points using the Kriging interpolation method. Additionally, path analysis was employed to investigate the main influencing factors of SOC pools in these five vegetation types.

Important findings In the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains, the SOC content in the surface layer (0-10 cm) reaches its peak. Among the vegetation types, broadleaf forest has the highest average organic carbon content of 19.45 g·kg^-1, while shrubland has the lowest average organic carbon content of 14.50 g·kg^-1, which is approximately 74.6% of that in broadleaf forests. Across the entire 0-100 cm soil profile, the SOC content ranges for the five vegetation types—broadleaf forest, coniferous forest, shrubland, grassland, and cropland—are 2.60-37.27, 3.02-14.01, 4.41-13.38, 4.00-10.83, and 3.05-14.31 g·kg^-1, respectively. The average SOC contents are 7.32, 6.44, 6.95, 6.03, and 5.90 g·kg^-1, respectively. Cropland has the lowest average SOC content, which is approximately 80.6% of that in broadleaf forests. The influence of various factors on SOC content varied among vegetation types. Terrain features (elevation, slope, aspect), vegetation cover, climatic conditions (mean annual temperature and precipitation), soil physicochemical properties (pH, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium contents), and soil texture (sand, silt, and clay content) collectively explained 25%, 30%, 38%, 59%, and 16% of the spatial variability in SOC content for broadleaf forest, coniferous forest, shrubland, grassland, and cropland, respectively. Climatic factors and soil physicochemical properties exerted the greatest influence, with mean annual temperature and total nitrogen content being the primary affecting factors.

Key words: the northern foot of Qinling Mountains, vegetation type, soil organic carbon content, spatial distribution, environmental factor

WU Guang-Jin, GUO Yao-Xin, REN Cheng-Jie, WANG Jun, YUE Ming, ZHAO Fa-Zhu. Distribution of soil organic carbon content and its influencing factors in different vegetation type on northern foot of Qinling Mountains[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2026, 50(4): 1003-1015.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2025.0032

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2026/V50/I4/1003

Figures/Tables 8

Fig. 1 Study area and sampling sites on the northern foot of Qinling Mountains.

Fig. 2 Spatial distribution of organic carbon content in broadleaf forest soil on the northern foot of Qinling Mountains.

Fig. 3 Spatial distribution of organic carbon content in coniferous forest soil on the northern foot of Qinling Mountains.

Fig. 4 Spatial distribution of organic carbon content in shrubland soil on the northern foot of Qinling Mountains.

Fig. 5 Spatial distribution of organic carbon content in grassland soil on the northern foot of Qinling Mountains.

Fig. 6 Spatial distribution of organic carbon content in cropland soil on the northern foot of Qinling Mountains.

Table 1 Differences in vertical distribution of soil organic carbon content in different vegetation types (mean ± SE)

植被类型 Vegetation type	土层深度 Soil layer (cm)
植被类型 Vegetation type	0-10	10-20	20-30	30-40	40-50	50-60	60-80	80-100	0-100
草地 Grassland	14.95 ± 1.29^Abc	8.50 ± 0.92^Bbc	6.33 ± 0.72^Cab	4.99 ± 0.50^Db	4.02 ± 0.30^Eb	3.29 ± 0.22^Fb	2.94 ± 0.15^FGab	2.42 ± 0.19^Hab	6.03 ± 0.47^ab
灌丛 Shrubland	14.50 ± 0.86^Abc	9.46 ± 0.62^Bab	8.12 ± 0.69^Ca	5.95 ± 0.56^Dab	4.77 ± 0.49^Eab	3.71 ± 0.34^EFb	3.11 ± 0.32^FGa	2.65 ± 0.17^GHa	6.95 ± 0.73^ab
针叶林 Coniferous forest	17.27 ± 0.90^Aab	9.63 ± 0.46^Ba	7.21 ± 0.38^Ca	6.01 ± 0.28^Da	4.94 ± 0.20^Ea	3.96 ± 0.15^Fa	3.03 ± 0.07^Ga	2.33 ± 0.04^Ha	6.44 ± 0.32^ab
阔叶林 Broadleaf forest	19.45 ± 0.80^Aa	11.44 ± 0.54^Ba	8.41 ± 0.43^Ca	6.23 ± 0.32^Da	5.13 ± 0.29^Ea	3.80 ± 0.16^Fab	2.95 ± 0.09^Gab	2.45 ± 0.07^Ha	7.32 ± 0.38^a
耕地 Cropland	15.27 ± 0.84^Ac	8.56 ± 0.44^Bbc	6.29 ± 0.23^Cbc	5.30 ± 0.16^Db	4.29 ± 0.11^Eb	3.46 ± 0.09^Fb	2.76 ± 0.05^Gb	2.18 ± 0.04^Hb	5.90 ± 0.18^bc

Fig. 7 Path analysis and correlation of factors affecting soil organic carbon content in different vegetation types in the northern foot of Qinling Mountains. A, Broadleaf forest. B, Coniferous forest. C, Shrubland. D, Grassland. E, Cropland. MAT, mean annual air temperature; MAP, mean annual precipitation; NDVI, normalized difference vegetation index; SOC, soil organic carbon content; TN, total nitrogen content in soil; TP, total phosphorus content in soil; TK, total potassium content in soil. Positive path coefficients are represented by the orange lines while negative ones are represented by the blue lines. The thickness of the line represents the relative magnitude of the path coefficient; R2 represents the proportion of variance explained by the variable. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.

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