Release rates and controlling factors of dissolved and hot-water extractable organic carbon during litter decomposition of 21 tree species in a subtropical forest

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2025.0029

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and hot-water extractable carbon (HWEC) are important components of active carbon pools, which can be released quickly from decomposing litter and assimilated by soil microorganisms at short term. This fundamental biogeochemical process has been found to facilitate soil organic matter formation and biogeochemical processes. Traditional knowledge assumed that litter substrate quality and morphological traits are key regulators of litter decomposition. However, how the release rates of DOC and HWEC, two important labile carbon fractions released through leaching during litter decomposition, are influenced by substrate quality and morphological traits remains unknown. Therefore, this study primarily focuses on clarifying interspecific differences in the release rates of DOC and HWEC during foliar litter decomposition, and on revealing their relationships with litter substrate quality and morphological traits.

Methods Here, we conducted an in situ microcosm decomposition experiment to evaluate the release rates of DOC and HWEC from decomposing litter of 21 tree species over 214 d of decomposition in a subtropical forest.

Important findings We found that both DOC and HWEC release rates varied significantly among litters differing in substrate quality, ranging from 0.014 to 0.123 d^-1 and from 0.017 to 0.130 d^-1, respectively. Both DOC and HWEC release rates were significantly related to cellulose and phosphorus (P) contents, whereas no significant relationships were observed with morphological traits (such as thickness and leaf mass per area (LMA)) or with the initial DOC and HWEC contents. These results suggest that DOC and HWEC release rates from subtropical forest litter were controlled primarily by substrate quality rather than by morphological traits. This finding advances our mechanistic understanding of labile carbon release from litter and its role in soil carbon cycling in subtropical forests.

Key words: litter decomposition, dissolved organic carbon, hot-water extractable carbon, plant trait, subtropical forest

DENG Xiao-Ling, AI Ling, HUANG Xing-Zhou, WU Fu-Zhong, XU Qi-Wen, ZHU Jing-Jing, NI Xiang-Yin. Release rates and controlling factors of dissolved and hot-water extractable organic carbon during litter decomposition of 21 tree species in a subtropical forest[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2026, 50(6): 1331-1342.

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Figures/Tables 6

References 67

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土壤基础理化指标 Soil basic physicochemical property	值 Value
砂粒含量 Sand content (%)	12.90 ± 0.60
粉粒含量 Silt content (%)	45.27 ± 0.56
黏粒含量 Clay content (%)	41.83 ± 0.89
含水率 Water content (%)	18.45 ± 1.16
pH	4.56 ± 0.09
总碳含量 Total carbon content (g·kg^-1)	32.03 ± 0.62
总氮含量 Total nitrogen content (g·kg^-1)	1.94 ± 0.05
总磷含量 Total phosphorus content (mg·kg^-1)	216.20 ± 16.41
速效磷含量 Available phosphorus content (mg·kg^-1)	14.82 ± 1.06
冷水溶性有机碳含量 Dissolved organic carbon content (mg·kg^-1)	31.27 ± 3.05
溶解性有机氮含量 Dissolved organic nitrogen content (mg·kg^-1)	1.38 ± 0.27
铵态氮含量 Ammonium nitrogen content (mg·kg^-1)	3.20 ± 0.32
硝态氮含量 Nitrate nitrogen content (mg·kg^-1)	3.61 ± 0.64

土壤基础理化指标 Soil basic physicochemical property	值 Value
砂粒含量 Sand content (%)	12.90 ± 0.60
粉粒含量 Silt content (%)	45.27 ± 0.56
黏粒含量 Clay content (%)	41.83 ± 0.89
含水率 Water content (%)	18.45 ± 1.16
pH	4.56 ± 0.09
总碳含量 Total carbon content (g·kg^-1)	32.03 ± 0.62
总氮含量 Total nitrogen content (g·kg^-1)	1.94 ± 0.05
总磷含量 Total phosphorus content (mg·kg^-1)	216.20 ± 16.41
速效磷含量 Available phosphorus content (mg·kg^-1)	14.82 ± 1.06
冷水溶性有机碳含量 Dissolved organic carbon content (mg·kg^-1)	31.27 ± 3.05
溶解性有机氮含量 Dissolved organic nitrogen content (mg·kg^-1)	1.38 ± 0.27
铵态氮含量 Ammonium nitrogen content (mg·kg^-1)	3.20 ± 0.32
硝态氮含量 Nitrate nitrogen content (mg·kg^-1)	3.61 ± 0.64

树种 Tree species	DOC (mg·g^-1)	HWEC (mg·g^-1)	碳 Carbon (mg·g^-1)	氮 Nitrogen (mg·g^-1)	磷 Phosphorus (mg·g^-1)	纤维素 Cellulose (mg·g^-1)	木质素 Lignin (mg·g^-1)
檫木 Sassafras tzumu	41.25 ± 0.68	60.28 ± 0.81	510.22 ± 2.51	8.11 ± 1.39	0.60 ± 0.11	63.91 ± 0.39	460.17 ± 2.55
杜英 Elaeocarpus decipiens	104.66 ± 1.52	163.95 ± 2.10	457.50 ± 0.67	6.14 ± 0.47	0.50 ± 0.09	73.66 ± 0.46	246.78 ± 2.67
木荷 Schima superba	56.29 ± 0.47	82.71 ± 0.53	472.36 ± 0.57	5.21 ± 0.59	0.23 ± 0.03	79.92 ± 0.37	335.32 ± 1.34
柠檬桉 Eucalyptus citriodora	95.84 ± 1.44	132.85 ± 1.92	466.52 ± 0.57	4.63 ± 0.35	0.37 ± 0.09	71.01 ± 0.52	246.86 ± 3.95
青冈 Cyclobalanopsis glauca	52.67 ± 1.37	81.03 ± 1.56	451.17 ± 0.74	7.59 ± 0.67	0.37 ± 0.05	131.45 ± 0.64	351.13 ± 0.93
细叶榕 Ficus benjamina	34.40 ± 0.36	52.97 ± 0.28	431.75 ± 0.43	5.48 ± 0.14	0.74 ± 0.20	88.20 ± 0.74	326.02 ± 4.87
台湾相思 Acacia confusa	59.18 ± 1.17	93.12 ± 1.82	512.03 ± 2.03	12.30 ± 1.17	0.44 ± 0.09	76.19 ± 0.97	359.86 ± 2.36
香樟 Cinnamomum septentrionale	57.17 ± 0.81	81.43 ± 1.07	479.76 ± 0.31	5.33 ± 0.08	0.48 ± 0.32	82.02 ± 1.07	360.72 ± 2.28
悬铃木 Platanus orientalis	43.39 ± 0.65	66.33 ± 0.79	468.22 ± 0.76	8.57 ± 1.82	1.01 ± 0.20	77.28 ± 0.89	370.36 ± 1.93
红锥 Castanopsis hystrix	21.64 ± 0.23	50.31 ± 0.49	498.88 ± 0.37	8.51 ± 0.50	0.26 ± 0.02	90.95 ± 0.71	358.23 ± 3.04
山茶 Camellia japonica	44.86 ± 0.24	83.79 ± 0.34	446.88 ± 0.45	8.83 ± 1.04	0.67 ± 0.09	89.16 ± 1.17	303.22 ± 2.28
小叶榄仁 Terminalia neotaliala	35.39 ± 0.37	60.24 ± 0.72	424.15 ± 1.36	7.53 ± 2.34	1.12 ± 0.36	82.28 ± 1.08	335.09 ± 2.88
枫香树 Liquidambar formosana	28.77 ± 0.91	42.86 ± 1.11	421.78 ± 1.29	8.61 ± 1.65	0.94 ± 0.07	70.35 ± 1.01	453.15 ± 4.02
秋枫 Bischofia javanica	59.69 ± 0.76	99.37 ± 1.16	378.33 ± 1.94	7.97 ± 1.29	0.78 ± 0.10	62.16 ± 0.84	386.64 ± 4.21
黧蒴锥 Castanopsis fissa	48.00 ± 1.09	77.06 ± 1.36	481.98 ± 1.60	6.21 ± 0.31	0.28 ± 0.03	86.42 ± 0.80	295.23 ± 1.42
阴香 Cinnamomum burmannii	33.61 ± 0.74	52.00 ± 0.96	456.45 ± 0.70	8.05 ± 0.70	0.52 ± 0.13	106.22 ± 0.46	358.25 ± 6.42
马尾松 Pinus massoniana	45.74 ± 0.66	68.45 ± 0.61	475.72 ± 0.67	3.93 ± 0.23	0.24 ± 0.03	128.82 ± 0.38	421.43 ± 1.71
木麻黄 Casuarina equisetifolia	23.26 ± 0.51	36.91 ± 0.52	452.21 ± 0.72	7.30 ± 0.96	0.27 ± 0.08	123.47 ± 0.36	394.58 ± 4.05
柳杉 Cryptomeria fortunei	27.27 ± 0.50	41.98 ± 0.52	478.37 ± 2.00	5.76 ± 1.75	0.43 ± 0.12	94.60 ± 0.55	408.56 ± 6.96
杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata	43.01 ± 2.17	62.58 ± 1.55	479.38 ± 0.86	5.63 ± 0.38	0.32 ± 0.02	133.22 ± 0.38	413.41 ± 1.26
圆柏 Sabina chinensis	31.16 ± 0.73	46.84 ± 0.98	456.73 ± 0.61	9.06 ± 0.79	1.08 ± 0.19	98.56 ± 0.48	337.86 ± 2.62

树种 Tree species	DOC (mg·g^-1)	HWEC (mg·g^-1)	碳 Carbon (mg·g^-1)	氮 Nitrogen (mg·g^-1)	磷 Phosphorus (mg·g^-1)	纤维素 Cellulose (mg·g^-1)	木质素 Lignin (mg·g^-1)
檫木 Sassafras tzumu	41.25 ± 0.68	60.28 ± 0.81	510.22 ± 2.51	8.11 ± 1.39	0.60 ± 0.11	63.91 ± 0.39	460.17 ± 2.55
杜英 Elaeocarpus decipiens	104.66 ± 1.52	163.95 ± 2.10	457.50 ± 0.67	6.14 ± 0.47	0.50 ± 0.09	73.66 ± 0.46	246.78 ± 2.67
木荷 Schima superba	56.29 ± 0.47	82.71 ± 0.53	472.36 ± 0.57	5.21 ± 0.59	0.23 ± 0.03	79.92 ± 0.37	335.32 ± 1.34
柠檬桉 Eucalyptus citriodora	95.84 ± 1.44	132.85 ± 1.92	466.52 ± 0.57	4.63 ± 0.35	0.37 ± 0.09	71.01 ± 0.52	246.86 ± 3.95
青冈 Cyclobalanopsis glauca	52.67 ± 1.37	81.03 ± 1.56	451.17 ± 0.74	7.59 ± 0.67	0.37 ± 0.05	131.45 ± 0.64	351.13 ± 0.93
细叶榕 Ficus benjamina	34.40 ± 0.36	52.97 ± 0.28	431.75 ± 0.43	5.48 ± 0.14	0.74 ± 0.20	88.20 ± 0.74	326.02 ± 4.87
台湾相思 Acacia confusa	59.18 ± 1.17	93.12 ± 1.82	512.03 ± 2.03	12.30 ± 1.17	0.44 ± 0.09	76.19 ± 0.97	359.86 ± 2.36
香樟 Cinnamomum septentrionale	57.17 ± 0.81	81.43 ± 1.07	479.76 ± 0.31	5.33 ± 0.08	0.48 ± 0.32	82.02 ± 1.07	360.72 ± 2.28
悬铃木 Platanus orientalis	43.39 ± 0.65	66.33 ± 0.79	468.22 ± 0.76	8.57 ± 1.82	1.01 ± 0.20	77.28 ± 0.89	370.36 ± 1.93
红锥 Castanopsis hystrix	21.64 ± 0.23	50.31 ± 0.49	498.88 ± 0.37	8.51 ± 0.50	0.26 ± 0.02	90.95 ± 0.71	358.23 ± 3.04
山茶 Camellia japonica	44.86 ± 0.24	83.79 ± 0.34	446.88 ± 0.45	8.83 ± 1.04	0.67 ± 0.09	89.16 ± 1.17	303.22 ± 2.28
小叶榄仁 Terminalia neotaliala	35.39 ± 0.37	60.24 ± 0.72	424.15 ± 1.36	7.53 ± 2.34	1.12 ± 0.36	82.28 ± 1.08	335.09 ± 2.88
枫香树 Liquidambar formosana	28.77 ± 0.91	42.86 ± 1.11	421.78 ± 1.29	8.61 ± 1.65	0.94 ± 0.07	70.35 ± 1.01	453.15 ± 4.02
秋枫 Bischofia javanica	59.69 ± 0.76	99.37 ± 1.16	378.33 ± 1.94	7.97 ± 1.29	0.78 ± 0.10	62.16 ± 0.84	386.64 ± 4.21
黧蒴锥 Castanopsis fissa	48.00 ± 1.09	77.06 ± 1.36	481.98 ± 1.60	6.21 ± 0.31	0.28 ± 0.03	86.42 ± 0.80	295.23 ± 1.42
阴香 Cinnamomum burmannii	33.61 ± 0.74	52.00 ± 0.96	456.45 ± 0.70	8.05 ± 0.70	0.52 ± 0.13	106.22 ± 0.46	358.25 ± 6.42
马尾松 Pinus massoniana	45.74 ± 0.66	68.45 ± 0.61	475.72 ± 0.67	3.93 ± 0.23	0.24 ± 0.03	128.82 ± 0.38	421.43 ± 1.71
木麻黄 Casuarina equisetifolia	23.26 ± 0.51	36.91 ± 0.52	452.21 ± 0.72	7.30 ± 0.96	0.27 ± 0.08	123.47 ± 0.36	394.58 ± 4.05
柳杉 Cryptomeria fortunei	27.27 ± 0.50	41.98 ± 0.52	478.37 ± 2.00	5.76 ± 1.75	0.43 ± 0.12	94.60 ± 0.55	408.56 ± 6.96
杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata	43.01 ± 2.17	62.58 ± 1.55	479.38 ± 0.86	5.63 ± 0.38	0.32 ± 0.02	133.22 ± 0.38	413.41 ± 1.26
圆柏 Sabina chinensis	31.16 ± 0.73	46.84 ± 0.98	456.73 ± 0.61	9.06 ± 0.79	1.08 ± 0.19	98.56 ± 0.48	337.86 ± 2.62