Applicability assessment of global gross primary productivity products in alpine meadows of the Qingzang Plateau

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2025.0328

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) is a key component of carbon cycle in terrestrial ecosystems, and improving its simulation accuracy is crucial for understanding the variations of carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere. Currently, there are numerous global GPP products developed based on different data sources and models, but systematic assessments of their performance in the Qingzang Plateau are lacking.

Methods In this study, we collected GPP data from 17 eddy covariance flux towers on the Qingzang Plateau and comprehensively evaluated the accuracy of 8 global GPP products (GPP_GOSIF, GPP_NIRv, GPP_MODIS, GPP_VPM, GPP_GLASS, GPP_TL-LUE, GPP_PML, and GPP_BESS) in alpine meadows of the Qingzang Plateau using three indicators: coefficient of determination, relative root mean square error, and relative bias.

Important findings The results showed that GPP_VPM and GPP_GOSIF generally exhibited relatively higher accuracy and were more suitable for the alpine meadows of the Qingzang Plateau. Moreover, the accuracy of GPP products varied significantly in space and time. Seasonally, the accuracy was higher in summer and autumn than in spring; in terms of ecosystem types, typical alpine meadow showed better accuracy than other meadow ecosystems; regarding permafrost types, the accuracy was higher in permafrost zone than in seasonal frost zone; in climate zones, semi-humid region demonstrated higher accuracy than semi-arid region; in terms of drought conditions, the accuracy was greater in non-drought months compared to drought months; and with respect to fractional vegetation cover conditions, medium and high vegetation cover stages achieved higher accuracy than low vegetation cover stages. This study reveals the uncertainties of global GPP products in the alpine meadows of the Qingzang Plateau and provides important insights for selecting GPP data and improving GPP simulations in this region.

Key words: Qingzang Plateau, gross primary productivity, statistical model, light use efficiency model, process model, accuracy

LI Yu-Kun, ZHENG Zhou-Tao, CONG Nan, ZHAO Guang, ZHU Yi-Xuan, ZHANG Yang-Jian, SUN Xiao-Lin, YAN Jun. Applicability assessment of global gross primary productivity products in alpine meadows of the Qingzang Plateau[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2026, 50(6): 1343-1356.

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Figures/Tables 6

References 68

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数据集名称 Dataset	年份 Year	时间分辨率 Temporal resolution	空间分辨率 Spatial resolution	模型类型 Model type	参考文献 Reference
GPP_GOSIF	2000-2023	月 Monthly	0.05°	统计模型 Statistical model	Li & Xiao, 2019
GPP_NIRv	1982-2018	月 Monthly	0.05°	统计模型 Statistical model	Wang et al., 2021
GPP_MODIS	2000-2024	8 d	500 m	光能利用率模型 Light use efficiency model	Running et al., 2004
GPP_VPM	2000-2019	月 Monthly	0.05°	光能利用率模型 Light use efficiency model	Zhang et al., 2017
GPP_GLASS	1982-2018	8 d	0.05°	光能利用率模型 Light use efficiency model	Yuan et al., 2010
GPP_TL-LUE	1992-2020	8 d	0.05°	光能利用率模型 Light use efficiency model	Bi et al., 2022
GPP_PML	2002-2019	8 d	0.05°	过程模型 Process-based model	Zhang et al., 2019c
GPP_BESS	1982-2022	月 Monthly	0.05°	过程模型 Process-based model	Jiang & Ryu, 2016

数据集名称 Dataset	年份 Year	时间分辨率 Temporal resolution	空间分辨率 Spatial resolution	模型类型 Model type	参考文献 Reference
GPP_GOSIF	2000-2023	月 Monthly	0.05°	统计模型 Statistical model	Li & Xiao, 2019
GPP_NIRv	1982-2018	月 Monthly	0.05°	统计模型 Statistical model	Wang et al., 2021
GPP_MODIS	2000-2024	8 d	500 m	光能利用率模型 Light use efficiency model	Running et al., 2004
GPP_VPM	2000-2019	月 Monthly	0.05°	光能利用率模型 Light use efficiency model	Zhang et al., 2017
GPP_GLASS	1982-2018	8 d	0.05°	光能利用率模型 Light use efficiency model	Yuan et al., 2010
GPP_TL-LUE	1992-2020	8 d	0.05°	光能利用率模型 Light use efficiency model	Bi et al., 2022
GPP_PML	2002-2019	8 d	0.05°	过程模型 Process-based model	Zhang et al., 2019c
GPP_BESS	1982-2022	月 Monthly	0.05°	过程模型 Process-based model	Jiang & Ryu, 2016

序号 Number	站点名称 Station	经度 Longitude	纬度 Latitude	观测时间 Observation period	生态系统 Ecosystem	优势物种 Dominant species	气候区 Climate zone	冻土类型 Permafrost type
1	那曲 Nagqu	92.01° E	31.64° N	2012-2018	典型高寒草甸 Typical alpine meadow	高山嵩草 Kobresia pygmaea	半干旱区 Semi-arid region	季节冻土区 Seasonal frost zone
2	当雄 Damxung	91.07° E	30.50° N	2004-2010	典型高寒草甸 Typical alpine meadow	丝颖针茅 Stipa capillacea	半干旱区 Semi-arid region	季节冻土区 Seasonal frost zone
3	若尔盖1 Zoigê 1	102.14° E	33.59° N	2010	典型高寒草甸 Typical alpine meadow	木里薹草 Carex muliensis	半湿润区 Semi-humid region	季节冻土区 Seasonal frost zone
4	红原 Hongyuan	102.55° E	32.80° N	2015-2018	典型高寒草甸 Typical alpine meadow	发草 Deschampsia cespitosa	半湿润区 Semi-humid region	季节冻土区 Seasonal frost zone
5	垭口 Yakou	100.24° E	38.01° N	2015	典型高寒草甸 Typical alpine meadow	西藏嵩草 Kobresia tibetica	半湿润区 Semi-humid region	多年冻土区 Permafrost zone
6	玛多 Madoi	97.32° E	34.63° N	2014	典型高寒草甸 Typical alpine meadow	紫花针茅 Stipa purpurea	半湿润区 Semi-humid region	多年冻土区 Permafrost zone
7	丽江 Lijiang	100.23° E	27.17° N	2012-2015	典型高寒草甸 Typical alpine meadow	青藏薹草 Carex moorcroftii	半湿润区 Semi-humid region	季节冻土区 Seasonal frost zone
8	阿柔 Arou	100.45° E	38.03° N	2015	典型高寒草甸 Typical alpine meadow	紫花针茅 Stipa purpurea	半湿润区 Semi-humid region	季节冻土区 Seasonal frost zone
9	果洛 Golog	100.55° E	34.35° N	2008	典型高寒草甸 Typical alpine meadow	垂穗披碱草 Elymus nutans	半湿润区 Semi-humid region	季节冻土区 Seasonal frost zone
10	海北1 Haibei 1	101.32° E	37.62° N	2014-2016	典型高寒草甸 Typical alpine meadow	矮生嵩草 Kobresia humilis	半湿润区 Semi-humid region	季节冻土区 Seasonal frost zone
11	海北2 Haibei 2	101.33° E	37.61° N	2004-2009	高寒湿地草甸 Alpine wetland meadow	西藏嵩草 Kobresia tibetica	半湿润区 Semi-humid region	季节冻土区 Seasonal frost zone
12	海北3 Haibei 3	101.33° E	37.58° N	2004-2016	高寒湿地草甸 Alpine wetland meadow	西藏嵩草 Kobresia tibetica	半湿润区 Semi-humid region	季节冻土区 Seasonal frost zone
13	若尔盖2 Zoigê 2	102.87° E	33.93° N	2008-2009	高寒湿地草甸 Alpine wetland meadow	异针茅 Stipa aliena	半湿润区 Semi-humid region	季节冻土区 Seasonal frost zone
14	大沙龙 Dashalong	98.94° E	38.84° N	2015	高寒湿地草甸 Alpine wetland meadow	西藏嵩草 Kobresia tibetica	半干旱区 Semi-arid region	多年冻土区 Permafrost zone
15	申扎 Xainza	88.70° E	30.95° N	2016-2018	高寒湿地草甸 Alpine wetland meadow	紫花针茅 Stipa purpurea	半干旱区 Semi-arid region	季节冻土区 Seasonal frost zone
16	海北4 Haibei 4	101.33° E	37.67° N	2003-2020	高寒灌丛草甸 Alpine shrub meadow	金露梅 Potentilla fruticosa	半湿润区 Semi-humid region	季节冻土区 Seasonal frost zone
17	珠穆朗玛 Qomolangma	86.56° E	28.21° N	2016	高寒灌丛草甸 Alpine shrub meadow	金露梅 Potentilla fruticosa	半干旱区 Semi-arid region	多年冻土区 Permafrost zone

序号 Number	站点名称 Station	经度 Longitude	纬度 Latitude	观测时间 Observation period	生态系统 Ecosystem	优势物种 Dominant species	气候区 Climate zone	冻土类型 Permafrost type
1	那曲 Nagqu	92.01° E	31.64° N	2012-2018	典型高寒草甸 Typical alpine meadow	高山嵩草 Kobresia pygmaea	半干旱区 Semi-arid region	季节冻土区 Seasonal frost zone
2	当雄 Damxung	91.07° E	30.50° N	2004-2010	典型高寒草甸 Typical alpine meadow	丝颖针茅 Stipa capillacea	半干旱区 Semi-arid region	季节冻土区 Seasonal frost zone
3	若尔盖1 Zoigê 1	102.14° E	33.59° N	2010	典型高寒草甸 Typical alpine meadow	木里薹草 Carex muliensis	半湿润区 Semi-humid region	季节冻土区 Seasonal frost zone
4	红原 Hongyuan	102.55° E	32.80° N	2015-2018	典型高寒草甸 Typical alpine meadow	发草 Deschampsia cespitosa	半湿润区 Semi-humid region	季节冻土区 Seasonal frost zone
5	垭口 Yakou	100.24° E	38.01° N	2015	典型高寒草甸 Typical alpine meadow	西藏嵩草 Kobresia tibetica	半湿润区 Semi-humid region	多年冻土区 Permafrost zone
6	玛多 Madoi	97.32° E	34.63° N	2014	典型高寒草甸 Typical alpine meadow	紫花针茅 Stipa purpurea	半湿润区 Semi-humid region	多年冻土区 Permafrost zone
7	丽江 Lijiang	100.23° E	27.17° N	2012-2015	典型高寒草甸 Typical alpine meadow	青藏薹草 Carex moorcroftii	半湿润区 Semi-humid region	季节冻土区 Seasonal frost zone
8	阿柔 Arou	100.45° E	38.03° N	2015	典型高寒草甸 Typical alpine meadow	紫花针茅 Stipa purpurea	半湿润区 Semi-humid region	季节冻土区 Seasonal frost zone
9	果洛 Golog	100.55° E	34.35° N	2008	典型高寒草甸 Typical alpine meadow	垂穗披碱草 Elymus nutans	半湿润区 Semi-humid region	季节冻土区 Seasonal frost zone
10	海北1 Haibei 1	101.32° E	37.62° N	2014-2016	典型高寒草甸 Typical alpine meadow	矮生嵩草 Kobresia humilis	半湿润区 Semi-humid region	季节冻土区 Seasonal frost zone
11	海北2 Haibei 2	101.33° E	37.61° N	2004-2009	高寒湿地草甸 Alpine wetland meadow	西藏嵩草 Kobresia tibetica	半湿润区 Semi-humid region	季节冻土区 Seasonal frost zone
12	海北3 Haibei 3	101.33° E	37.58° N	2004-2016	高寒湿地草甸 Alpine wetland meadow	西藏嵩草 Kobresia tibetica	半湿润区 Semi-humid region	季节冻土区 Seasonal frost zone
13	若尔盖2 Zoigê 2	102.87° E	33.93° N	2008-2009	高寒湿地草甸 Alpine wetland meadow	异针茅 Stipa aliena	半湿润区 Semi-humid region	季节冻土区 Seasonal frost zone
14	大沙龙 Dashalong	98.94° E	38.84° N	2015	高寒湿地草甸 Alpine wetland meadow	西藏嵩草 Kobresia tibetica	半干旱区 Semi-arid region	多年冻土区 Permafrost zone
15	申扎 Xainza	88.70° E	30.95° N	2016-2018	高寒湿地草甸 Alpine wetland meadow	紫花针茅 Stipa purpurea	半干旱区 Semi-arid region	季节冻土区 Seasonal frost zone
16	海北4 Haibei 4	101.33° E	37.67° N	2003-2020	高寒灌丛草甸 Alpine shrub meadow	金露梅 Potentilla fruticosa	半湿润区 Semi-humid region	季节冻土区 Seasonal frost zone
17	珠穆朗玛 Qomolangma	86.56° E	28.21° N	2016	高寒灌丛草甸 Alpine shrub meadow	金露梅 Potentilla fruticosa	半干旱区 Semi-arid region	多年冻土区 Permafrost zone