Abstract: As an important agricultural and ecological area in Gansu Province and Northwest China, the oasis agriculture in Hexi Corridor relies on rich light and heat resources, mainly irrigated agriculture, and has a significantly diversified planting structure. It is not only an important economic region but also has significant agricultural uniqueness and diversity advantages. The study area is located in the middle part of the Hexi Corridor, within the midstream region of the Heihe River Basin. It is one of the typical representatives of the oasis agricultural ecological zone in the Hexi Corridor. This region is not only a major grain-producing area in Gansu but also faces challenges such as water resource scarcity, desertification, and the coexistence of oasis expansion. The Gansu Linze National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Farmland Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Sciences (hereinafter referred to as Linze Station), has been a part of the Chinese Ecosystem Research Network (CERN) since 2003. According to the protocols for CERN long-term monitoring, Linze Station has conducted long-term investigations on various indicators of farmland ecosystems, including cultivation practices, farming systems, harvest characteristics, and yield measurements at harvest time. This dataset compiles and organizes data from the Linze Station covering the period from 2004 to 2010 across four agricultural observation sites, including the Comprehensive Observation Site of Desert-Oasis Farmland Ecosystem, the Auxiliary Observation Site of Desert-Oasis Farmland Ecosystem, the New Oasis Farmland Survey Point, and the Old Oasis Farmland Survey Point. It includes long-term sampling data on crop rotation systems, fertilizer inputs, pesticide/herbicide/growth regulator applications, irrigation practices, harvest traits, and yield measurements at harvest time. This dataset has strong regional representativeness and provides foundational data for researchers to understand the water and fertilizer utilization mechanisms in typical irrigated agricultural areas of the Hexi Corridor. It is also significant for constructing water-saving oases and sustainable development management in this region.

Key words: Oasis farmland ecosystem, Crop harvest traits, Farming systems, Crop yield, Hexi Corridor