Nutrient regulation of plant-microbial association in Dendrobium huoshanense facilities and understory cultivation patterns

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2025.0005

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Dendrobium huoshanense (Orchidaceae) is a nationally protected and endangered medicinal plant with dual-purpose (medicinal and edible) value in China. While facility and understory cultivation dominate its artificial propagation, the linkages between aboveground biomass and substrate/soil microbial communities remain unclear, hindering the understanding of aboveground-belowground association.
Methods Hence, we conducted field experiments with randomized sampling at a D. huoshanense cultivation base in the Dabie Mountains, Anhui, to investigate nutrient-regulated plant-microbe association under facility vs understory modes.
Important findings Facility substrates and understory soil showed significant differences in microbial biomass, diversity, and community composition. Specifically, facility substrates had higher microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) contents than understory soil, along with enriched bacterial diversity and ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECM). While understory cultivation significantly altered soil microbial composition, facility substrates maintained stable microbial communities. The biomass of D. huoshanense in the facility substrate was significantly higher than that in the understory soil. Further, structural equation modeling results revealed that nutrient content in substrate/soil and the composition of microbial communities exhibit significant regulatory associations with the biomass of D. huoshanense plants, with distinct patterns emerging under varying cultivation regimes. Specifically, ECM fungi under nutrient-rich facility conditions directly promoted aboveground biomass, whereas pathogen proliferation in nutrient-limited understory soils might suppress aboveground growth. These findings clarify the associations between aboveground biomass and microbial communities in the facility and understory cultivation modes of D. huoshanense, providing actionable insights for developing microbial inoculants to enhance cultivation efficiency and conserve this endangered species.

Key words: Dendrobium huoshanense, understory cultivation, facility cultivation, soil microbe, biomass, nutrient, above- and below-ground

ZHU Rui-De, YANG Jun-Wei, LIU Xiao-Han, CHEN Bing-Rui, CHI Xiu-Lian, TIAN Di, YANG Guang, CHENG Meng, DAI Ya-Feng, WANG Shi-Wen. Nutrient regulation of plant-microbial association in Dendrobium huoshanense facilities and understory cultivation patterns[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2025, 49(9): 1434-1447.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2025.0005

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2025/V49/I9/1434

Figures/Tables 7

Fig. 1 Difference of physical and chemical properties between substrate and soil in different cultivation modes. “×” represents the mean value for each group. FC, facility control; FT, facility cultivation treatment; UC, understory control; UT, understory cultivation treatment. ns, p > 0.05; *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference between understory control and understory cultivation treatment.

Fig. 2 Difference of microbial community composition and diversity in different cultivation modes. A, Composition of fungal dominant phyla. B, Fungal diversity. C, Composition of bacterial dominant phyla. D, Bacterial diversity. FC, facility control; FT, facility cultivation treatment; UC, understory control; UT, understory cultivation treatment. PC1, principal component 1; PC2, principal component 2. ns, p > 0.05; *, p < 0.05.

Table 1 Significance of microbial community structure difference under different cultivation modes

微生物类群 Microbiome	分组 Group	R²	p
真菌 Fungi	UC-FC	0.513	0.012^*
	UC-UT	0.252	0.008^**
	FC-FT	1.480	0.053
细菌 Bacteria	UC-FC	0.567	0.005^**
	UC-UT	0.590	0.009^**
	FC-FT	0.870	0.639

Table 2 Difference of microbial community composition in different cultivation modes

不同类群 Different taxa	微生物类群 Microbiome	分组 Group	相对丰度对比 Relative abundance contrast (%)	显著性 Statistical significance
分类群 Taxonomic group	被孢霉门 Mortierellomycota	FC-UC	4.08 ± 1.50 vs 0.63 ± 0.01	***
	放线菌门 Actinobacteriota	FC-UC	7.31 ± 1.74 vs 13.67 ± 2.87	**
	捕虫霉门 Zoofagomycota	UC-UT	0.21 ± 0.00 vs 0.01 ± 0.00	*
	芽单孢菌门 Gemmatimonadota	UC-UT	3.87 ± 1.46 vs 0.40 ± 0.00	*
功能群 Functional group	外生菌根真菌 Ectomycorrhizal	FC-UC	58.96 ± 6.14 vs 27.64 ± 5.60	**
	丛枝菌根真菌 Arbuscular Mycorrhizal	FC-UC	0.23 ± 0.09 vs 0.27 ± 0.12	ns
	内生真菌 Endophyte	FC-UC	0.20 ± 0.08 vs 0.15 ± 0.07	ns
	兰花菌根真菌 Orchid Mycorrhizal	FC-UC	0.81 ± 0.16 vs 0.56 ± 0.16	ns
	病原菌 Pathogens	UC-UT	0.60 ± 0.11 vs 1.34 ± 0.23	*

Fig. 3 Principal component analysis (PCA) of nitrogen metabolic functional bacteria in different cultivation modes (A) and comparison of the differences in the first and second principal components across different cultivation modes (B, C). In A, the farther the sample points deviate to the left side of the first axis, the stronger the nitrogen metabolism processes associated with denitrification. Conversely, the more the sample points shift towards the upper side of the second axis, the more intense the nitrogen metabolism processes related to nitrogen fixation and urea decomposition. In B, C, the “×” symbol represents the mean value for each group. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference between understory control and understory cultivation treatment (p < 0.05). FC, facility control; FT, facility cultivation treatment; UC, understory control; UT, understory cultivation treatment.

Fig. 4 Differences in biomass of Dendrobium huoshanense under different cultivation modes (A) and principal component analysis (PCA) of nutrient status under different cultivation modes (B). In A, the “×” symbol represents the mean value for each group. In B, the further the sample points shift to the right on the first axis, the higher the carbon and nitrogen content in the nutrient status. FC, facility control; FT, facility cultivation treatment; UC, understory control; UT, understory cultivation treatment. TC, total carbon content; TN, total nitrogen content; TP, total phosphorus content. There is a significant difference (p < 0.05) between facility cultivation and understory cultivation between different lowercase letters.

Fig. 5 Structural equation model of plant biomass regulation mechanism of Dendrobium huoshanense. Solid arrows represent significant paths, dashed arrows represent non-significant paths, and the numbers on the arrows are the standardized path coefficients. ***, p < 0.001.

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