Nocturnal sap flow of four urban greening tree species in Dalian, Liaoning Province, China

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.05.007

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Nocturnal sap flow is a driving force not only for chemical transport and nutrient movement within trees, but also for water recharge caused by diurnal transpiration loss. Therefore, it is both ecologically and physiologically significant for estimating tree and stand transpiration at larger spatial and longer temporal scales. Our objective was to analyze nocturnal sap flow (18:00-5:00 next morning) and its biophysical controls in four tree species (Cedrus deodara, Zelkova schneideriana, Euonymus bungeanus and Metasequoia glyptostroboides) in Laodong Park in Dalian, China.

Methods During June 1-August 31, 2008, we measured sap flow of twelve urban trees of four species and three diameter at breast height (DBH) classes of each species continuously by thermal dissipation probes, soil moisture by ECH2O soil moisture probe and microclimate data by an automatic weather station. SPSS 13.0 was used for statistical analysis of sap flow and environmental factors.

Important findings Nocturnal sap flow was measured in all sampled trees, but varied from 0.44% to 75.96% of total daily water consumption. Nocturnal flow was larger and more active on rainy days than that on sunny ones, to the extent that it equaled or exceeded the diurnal volume. Vapor pressure deficit and wind speed were significantly correlated with nocturnal water movement (R² > 0.6), which could provide an explanation for nocturnal transpiration. Nocturnal sap flow mainly contributed to nocturnal transpiration and water recharge. It peaked before midnight and dropped to nearly zero afterwards. Furthermore, nocturnal sap flow was remarkably correlated with diurnal sap flow (R² = 0.356, p = 0.00) and DBH (R²_Spearman > 0.80), substantiating the important role of specific structural and physiological characteristics. Nocturnal sap flow of individuals accounted for an average of < 14.4% of the total transpiration volume. Total water consumption of a forest ecosystem scaled up by daytime sap flux measurements can be underestimated without integration of nocturnal sap flux.

Key words: environmental variables, nighttime sap flow, thermal dissipation probe (TDP), urban trees

CHEN Li-Xin, ZHANG Zhi-Qiang, LI Zhan-Dong, ZHANG Wen-Juan, ZHANG Xiao-Fang, DONG Ke-Yu, WANG Guo-Yu. Nocturnal sap flow of four urban greening tree species in Dalian, Liaoning Province, China[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2010, 34(5): 535-546.

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Figures/Tables 11

References 28

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树种 Species	样木编号 No. of sample trees	胸径 DBH (cm)	冠幅 Crown area (m²)	树高 Tree height (m)	边材面积 Sapwood area (cm²)
雪松 Cedrus deodara	C1	13.60	10.18	6.10	26.42
	C2	17.20	16.61	6.70	30.19
	C3	21.00	22.90	8.30	45.36
大叶榉 Zelkova schneideriana	Z1	10.00	13.85	4.70	11.34
	Z2	14.20	18.10	5.30	20.11
	Z3	17.60	24.63	5.90	25.52
水杉 Metasequoia glyptostroboides	M1	14.60	2.01	10.30	16.62
	M2	18.80	5.31	11.60	43.01
	M3	24.60	7.07	12.90	50.27
丝棉木 Euonymus bungeanus	E1	10.40	22.90	5.20	36.32
	E2	13.50	34.21	5.40	51.53
	E3	16.60	47.78	6.30	66.48

树种 Species	样木编号 No. of sample trees	胸径 DBH (cm)	冠幅 Crown area (m²)	树高 Tree height (m)	边材面积 Sapwood area (cm²)
雪松 Cedrus deodara	C1	13.60	10.18	6.10	26.42
	C2	17.20	16.61	6.70	30.19
	C3	21.00	22.90	8.30	45.36
大叶榉 Zelkova schneideriana	Z1	10.00	13.85	4.70	11.34
	Z2	14.20	18.10	5.30	20.11
	Z3	17.60	24.63	5.90	25.52
水杉 Metasequoia glyptostroboides	M1	14.60	2.01	10.30	16.62
	M2	18.80	5.31	11.60	43.01
	M3	24.60	7.07	12.90	50.27
丝棉木 Euonymus bungeanus	E1	10.40	22.90	5.20	36.32
	E2	13.50	34.21	5.40	51.53
	E3	16.60	47.78	6.30	66.48

树种 Species	样木编号 No. of sample trees	Pearson相关系数 Pearson correlation	显著度(双尾) Sig. (2-tailed)	n
雪松 Cedrus deodara	C1	0.68^*	0.043	1 872
	C2	0.69^*	0.029	1 872
	C3	0.71^*	0.018	1 872
大叶榉 Zelkova schneideriana	Z1	0.65 ^*	0.046	1 872
	Z2	0.72^*	0.018	1 872
	Z3	0.70^*	0.034	1 872
丝棉木 Euonymus bungeanus	E1	0.73^*	0.029	1 872
	E2	0.61^*	0.033	1 872
	E3	0.59^*	0.042	1 872
水杉 Metasequoia glyptostroboides	M1	0.71^*	0.019	1 872
	M2	0.72^*	0.019	1 872
	M3	0.66^*	0.037	1 872

树种 Species	样木编号 No. of sample trees	Pearson相关系数 Pearson correlation	显著度(双尾) Sig. (2-tailed)	n
雪松 Cedrus deodara	C1	0.68^*	0.043	1 872
	C2	0.69^*	0.029	1 872
	C3	0.71^*	0.018	1 872
大叶榉 Zelkova schneideriana	Z1	0.65 ^*	0.046	1 872
	Z2	0.72^*	0.018	1 872
	Z3	0.70^*	0.034	1 872
丝棉木 Euonymus bungeanus	E1	0.73^*	0.029	1 872
	E2	0.61^*	0.033	1 872
	E3	0.59^*	0.042	1 872
水杉 Metasequoia glyptostroboides	M1	0.71^*	0.019	1 872
	M2	0.72^*	0.019	1 872
	M3	0.66^*	0.037	1 872

树种 Species	样木编号 No. of sample trees	Pearson相关系数 Pearson correlation	显著度(双尾) Sig. (2-tailed)	n
雪松 Cedrus deodara	C1	0.58 ^*	0.045	1 872
	C2	0.73 ^*	0.023	1 872
	C3	0.76 ^*	0.014	1 872
大叶榉 Zelkova schneideriana	Z1	0.81 ^**	0.006	1 872
	Z2	0.76 ^*	0.014	1 872
	Z3	0.73 ^*	0.022	1 872
丝棉木 Euonymus bungeanus	E1	0.72 ^*	0.031	1 872
	E2	0.41	0.099	1 872
	E3	0.69 ^*	0.023	1 872
水杉 Metasequoia glyptostroboides	M1	0.73 ^*	0.017	1 872
	M2	0.52 ^*	0.018	1 872
	M3	0.73 ^*	0.017	1 872