GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION OF QUANTITATIVE TRAITS AND LOCAL ADAPTABILITY OF REMNANT POPULATIONS OF ISOETES SINENSIS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR CONSERVATION AND GENETIC REINFORCEMENT

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.01.016

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Isoetes sinensis (Isoeteaceae) is a critically endangered aquatic fern ally in China. Understanding the genetic differentiation of quantitative traits and local adaptation of the remnant populations should provide insight into the adaptation of different populations to their local environment and useful information for formulating appropriate conservation strategy.
Methods The quantitative traits of nine isozyme multilocus genotypes from three remnant populations of I. sinensis were investigated using nested analysis based on random block design in common-garden experiments. Population differentiation of allozyme (F_ST) and quantitative traits (Q_ST) were estimated using the Bayesian approach.
Important findings Of 14 quantitative traits examined, ten were found to be significantly different among populations and three were significantly different within populations. Multiple comparison by Turkey tests indicated that the mean values of five traits were the highest for the Songyang population and lowest for the Xiuning population, whereas the mean values of the macrosporangium characteristics and plant height were highest for the Jiande population and lowest for the Xiuning population. This result probably reflected different scenarios of founder effect, habitat competition ability and trade-off between vegetative and reproductive growth. Local adaptation was evaluated as a difference of Q_ST vs. F_ST value, and eight important reproductive fitness traits were found to be significant (Q_ST>F_ST, p≤0.05 ) under the selfing assumption, suggesting local adaptability in the remnant populations. It is more likely that there is a potential risk of outbreeding depression if genetic enhancement is implemented by translocation of individuals from different populations. Therefore, translocation among these remnant populations is not recommended. Instead, we recommend increasing gene flow within each population and improving habitat management by reducing competition with companion species in in situ conservation for Xiuning and Songyang populations. In the case of Jiande population, minimizing human disturbance should be considered as a top priority and an in situ conservation plot should be designated for the population.

Key words: Isoetes sinensis, genetic differentiation, quantitative traits, genotype, local adaptation, conservation strategy, genetic reinforcement

YANG Wei, YE Qi-Gang, LI Zuo-Zhou, HUANG Hong-Wen. GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION OF QUANTITATIVE TRAITS AND LOCAL ADAPTABILITY OF REMNANT POPULATIONS OF ISOETES SINENSIS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR CONSERVATION AND GENETIC REINFORCEMENT[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2008, 32(1): 143-151.

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2008/V32/I1/143

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References 40

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居群 Population	纬度 Latitude (N)	经度 Longitude (E)	海拔 Elevation (m)	生境 Habitat	水体酸度 Water pH value	居群大小 Population size	土壤 Soil
休宁 Xiuning	29°30'	118°09'	300	梯田排水沟 Drainage ditch in terrace	5.5	200~330	黄壤 Yellow soil
松阳 Songyang	28°16'	119°16'	1 110	废弃20年左右水田 Paddy field abandoned for about 20 years	6.0	550~900	黄棕壤、红壤 Yellow-brown soil, red soil
建德 Jiande	29°28'	119°15'	28	淡水性沿岸潮间带 Freshwater intertidal zone	5.5	20 000~ 30 000	沙质土 Sandy soil

居群 Population	纬度 Latitude (N)	经度 Longitude (E)	海拔 Elevation (m)	生境 Habitat	水体酸度 Water pH value	居群大小 Population size	土壤 Soil
休宁 Xiuning	29°30'	118°09'	300	梯田排水沟 Drainage ditch in terrace	5.5	200~330	黄壤 Yellow soil
松阳 Songyang	28°16'	119°16'	1 110	废弃20年左右水田 Paddy field abandoned for about 20 years	6.0	550~900	黄棕壤、红壤 Yellow-brown soil, red soil
建德 Jiande	29°28'	119°15'	28	淡水性沿岸潮间带 Freshwater intertidal zone	5.5	20 000~ 30 000	沙质土 Sandy soil

性状 Trait	区组^d1 Block			居群^d2 Population			基因型^d3(居群内) Genotype (within population)
性状 Trait	MS	F值 F value		MS	F值 F value		MS	F值 F value
平均生长速率1 Mean growth rate 1	14.370		2.100	46.784		6.870^**	2.237	0.330
平均生长速率2 Mean growth rate 2	9.015		1.640	54.440		9.900^**	2.600	0.470
平均发育速率1 Mean development rate 1	0.126		2.440	2.245		43.630^**	0.134	2.610^*
平均发育速率2 Mean development rate 2	0.049		2.330	0.201		9.610^**	0.012	0.610
植株高度1 Height 1	13.632		2.470	118.169		21.390^**	5.204	0.940
植株高度2 Height 2	19.787		4.160^*	52.109		10.940^**	5.918	1.240
叶片数 Number of fronds	1.485		3.540^*	15.502		36.980^**	0.676	1.610
平均叶片面积 Mean area of frond	0.636		0.750	1.200		1.068	1.228	1.450
大孢子叶高度 Height of macrosporophyll	2.232		0.460	11.331		2.330	7.179	1.470
大孢子叶基宽度 Width of the base of macrosporophyll	0.004		1.960	0.003		1.780	0.001	0.680
大孢子囊的长度 Length of macrosporangium	0.012		4.400^*	0.009		3.220^*	0.007	2.440^*
大孢子囊的宽度 Width of macrosporangium	0.001		0.850	0.005		3.810^*	0.004	2.840^*
大孢子囊的长宽比 Ratio of length to width	0.091		2.690	0.009		0.270	0.043	1.280
大孢子囊的产孢数 Number of macrospores per macrosporangium	0.069		4.810^*	0.554		38.690^**	0.031	2.190

性状 Trait	区组^d1 Block			居群^d2 Population			基因型^d3(居群内) Genotype (within population)
性状 Trait	MS	F值 F value		MS	F值 F value		MS	F值 F value
平均生长速率1 Mean growth rate 1	14.370		2.100	46.784		6.870^**	2.237	0.330
平均生长速率2 Mean growth rate 2	9.015		1.640	54.440		9.900^**	2.600	0.470
平均发育速率1 Mean development rate 1	0.126		2.440	2.245		43.630^**	0.134	2.610^*
平均发育速率2 Mean development rate 2	0.049		2.330	0.201		9.610^**	0.012	0.610
植株高度1 Height 1	13.632		2.470	118.169		21.390^**	5.204	0.940
植株高度2 Height 2	19.787		4.160^*	52.109		10.940^**	5.918	1.240
叶片数 Number of fronds	1.485		3.540^*	15.502		36.980^**	0.676	1.610
平均叶片面积 Mean area of frond	0.636		0.750	1.200		1.068	1.228	1.450
大孢子叶高度 Height of macrosporophyll	2.232		0.460	11.331		2.330	7.179	1.470
大孢子叶基宽度 Width of the base of macrosporophyll	0.004		1.960	0.003		1.780	0.001	0.680
大孢子囊的长度 Length of macrosporangium	0.012		4.400^*	0.009		3.220^*	0.007	2.440^*
大孢子囊的宽度 Width of macrosporangium	0.001		0.850	0.005		3.810^*	0.004	2.840^*
大孢子囊的长宽比 Ratio of length to width	0.091		2.690	0.009		0.270	0.043	1.280
大孢子囊的产孢数 Number of macrospores per macrosporangium	0.069		4.810^*	0.554		38.690^**	0.031	2.190

性状Trait	居群 Population
性状Trait	松阳 Songyang	建德 Jiande	休宁 Xiuning
平均生长速率1 Mean growth rate 1	7.999(0.659)^a	6.637(0.434)^a	5.367(0.342)^c
平均生长速率2 Mean growth rate 2	5.483(0.513)^a	5.320(0.369)^a	2.897(0.452)^b
平均发育速率1 Mean development rate 1	0.855(0.059)^a	0.452(0.048)^b	0.359(0.047)^b
平均发育速率2 Mean development rate 2	0.395(0.035)^a	0.341(0.023)^a	0.208(0.023)^b
植株高度1 Height 1	14.963(0.390)^b	18.481(0.451)^a	15.963(0.522)^b
植株高度2 Height 2	15.741(0.435)^b	18.981(0.457)^a	16.634(0.440)^b
叶片数 Number of fronds	6.420(0.656)^a	5.893(0.122)^a	4.905(0.149)^b
大孢子囊的长度Length of macrosporangium	0.352(0.013)^ab	0.368(0.012)^a	0.329(0.009)^b
大孢子囊的宽度 Width of macrosporangium	0.253(0.009)^ab	0.267(0.007)^a	0.236(0.009)^b
大孢子囊的产孢数Number of macrospores per macrosporangium	2.040(0.025)^b	2.309(0.029)^a	2.065(0.025)^b