PHENOLOGICAL CALENDAR OF STIPA KRYLOVII STEPPE IN INNER MONGOLIA, CHINA AND ITS CORRELATION WITH CLIMATIC VARIABLES

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.06.012

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Recent studies, including field measurements, satellite-derived vegetation indices and simulations from a dynamic vegetation model, have demonstrated that global warming is influencing plant growth and phenology. Changes in plant phenology have considerable consequences for ecosystem function, but information on responses of plant phenology to climate change is lacking, especially in a community setting. Therefore, to accurately predict the future responses of plants to climate variation, a through understanding of plant phenological cycles and their relationships to light, temperature and precipitation is required.

Methods We compiled a phenological calendar with 31 phenophases of budding, inflorescence, tasselling, flowering, fruiting and senescence for Leymus chinensis, Stipa krylovii, Cleistogenes squarrosa, Allium anisopodium, Artemisia frigida, Heteropappus altaicus and Artemisia scoparia for semi-aridStipa krylovii steppe in Inner Mongolia from 1985 to 2002. Relationships among phenophases, variability, and climatic driving were examined using correlation analysis.

Important findings The climate of Stipa krylovii steppe exhibited a trend for warming and drying, with significantly increased air temperature in spring and summer and markedly decreased precipitation in autumn. Linear regression analysis indicated that spring phenophases occurred later and summer and autumn phenophases moved earlier. Phenophases in July and August with higher temperature were the most sensitive to climate change. Plant phenology was primarily controlled by light and air temperature. Phenophases of budding were highly correlated with canopy light interception in February and March and with air temperature of the coldest month, January. Other phenophases, from inflorescence, tasselling, flowering, fruiting to senescence, were negatively correlated with canopy light interception in July and August, and precipitation in June and July was negatively related to inflorescence, tasselling and flowering. The timing of senescence was postponed by precipitation in August and September, which promoted lengthening of the growing season.

Key words: climate change, plant phenology, Stipa krylovii steppe, Inner Mongolian

ZHANG Feng, ZHOU Guang-Sheng, WANG Yu-Hui. PHENOLOGICAL CALENDAR OF STIPA KRYLOVII STEPPE IN INNER MONGOLIA, CHINA AND ITS CORRELATION WITH CLIMATIC VARIABLES[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2008, 32(6): 1312-1322.

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2008/V32/I6/1312

Figures/Tables 8

References 34

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	平均气温 Mean air temperature		平均最高气温 Mean maximum air temperature		平均最低气温 Mean minimum air temperature		降水量 Precipitation
	斜率 Intercept	R²	斜率 Intercept	R²	斜率 Intercept	R²	斜率 Intercept	R²
年际水平 Annual	0.115	0.466**	0.117	0.411**	0.113	0.472**	-3.988	0.071
生长季 Seasonal	0.120	0.504***	0.117	0.416**	0.122	0.555***	-3.414	0.055
非生长季 Non-seasonal	0.114	0.174	0.121	0.157	0.106	0.178	-0.575	0.081
春Spring	0.160	0.434**	0.156	0.366**	0.164	0.468**	0.621	0.019
夏Summer	0.118	0.279*	0.117	0.187	0.119	0.395**	-2.393	0.031
秋Autumm	0.042	0.026	0.046	0.030	0.038	0.019	-2.104	0.290*
冬Winter	0.146	0.178	0.158	0.164	0.135	0.178	-0.036	0.035

	平均气温 Mean air temperature		平均最高气温 Mean maximum air temperature		平均最低气温 Mean minimum air temperature		降水量 Precipitation
	斜率 Intercept	R²	斜率 Intercept	R²	斜率 Intercept	R²	斜率 Intercept	R²
年际水平 Annual	0.115	0.466**	0.117	0.411**	0.113	0.472**	-3.988	0.071
生长季 Seasonal	0.120	0.504***	0.117	0.416**	0.122	0.555***	-3.414	0.055
非生长季 Non-seasonal	0.114	0.174	0.121	0.157	0.106	0.178	-0.575	0.081
春Spring	0.160	0.434**	0.156	0.366**	0.164	0.468**	0.621	0.019
夏Summer	0.118	0.279*	0.117	0.187	0.119	0.395**	-2.393	0.031
秋Autumm	0.042	0.026	0.046	0.030	0.038	0.019	-2.104	0.290*
冬Winter	0.146	0.178	0.158	0.164	0.135	0.178	-0.036	0.035

	1月	2月	3月	4月	5月	6月	7月	8月	9月	10月	11月	12月
	Jan.	Feb.	Mar.	Apr.	May	Jun.	Jul.	Aug.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.
	月均温 Monthly mean temperature (℃)
平均值Mean	-17.6	-13.0	-4.7	5.9	13.5	19.1	21.7	20.1	13.5	4.6	-6.3	-14.6
标准误差SD	2.5	3.1	2.8	1.8	1.1	1.4	1.6	1.3	1.4	1.8	2.7	2.3
变化趋势Trend	+0.9	+2.8	+2.9	+1.1	+0.7	+1.0	+1.8	+0.8	+1.8	-0.9	+0.4	+0.6
p	-	<0.05	<0.05	-	-	-	<0.01	-	<0.01	-	-	-
	月均最低温 Monthly mean minimum air temperature (℃)
平均值Mean	-23.2	-19.5	-11.4	-1.4	6.1	12.3	15.9	13.9	6.6	-2.1	-12.3	-20.0
标准误差SD	2.2	2.9	2.7	1.6	1.2	1.4	1.3	1.1	1.6	1.6	2.5	2.2
变化趋势Trend	+0.1	+0.3	+0.3	+0.1	+0.1	+0.1	+0.2	0.0	+0.1	-0.1	0.0	0.0
p	-	<.05	<.05	-	<.05	<.05	<.001	-	<.05	-	-	-
	月均最高温 Monthly mean maximum air temperature (℃)
平均值Mean	-12.1	-6.6	2.0	13.3	20.9	25.8	27.5	26.4	20.5	11.4	-0.3	-9.2
标准误差SD	2.8	3.5	2.9	2.1	1.2	1.5	2.0	1.9	1.5	2.1	3.0	2.5
变化趋势Trend	+0.1	+0.3	+0.3	+0.1	0.0	+0.1	+0.2	+0.1	+0.2	-0.1	0.0	+0.1
p	-	<.05	<.05	-	-	-	<.05	-	<.001	-	-	-
	月降水量 Monthly precipitation (mm)
平均值Mean	2.4	2.4	5.8	5.9	24.5	46.8	88.0	59.3	21.3	9.9	6.4	3.3
标准误差SD	1.8	2.1	5.2	5.0	22.1	23.5	43.5	41.1	17.9	10.2	6.5	2.0
变化趋势Trend	0.0	-0.2	-0.2	0.05	0.8	0.9	-1.3	-2.0	-1.8	-0.1	-0.2	0.05
p	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	<0.05	-	-	-

	1月	2月	3月	4月	5月	6月	7月	8月	9月	10月	11月	12月
	Jan.	Feb.	Mar.	Apr.	May	Jun.	Jul.	Aug.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.
	月均温 Monthly mean temperature (℃)
平均值Mean	-17.6	-13.0	-4.7	5.9	13.5	19.1	21.7	20.1	13.5	4.6	-6.3	-14.6
标准误差SD	2.5	3.1	2.8	1.8	1.1	1.4	1.6	1.3	1.4	1.8	2.7	2.3
变化趋势Trend	+0.9	+2.8	+2.9	+1.1	+0.7	+1.0	+1.8	+0.8	+1.8	-0.9	+0.4	+0.6
p	-	<0.05	<0.05	-	-	-	<0.01	-	<0.01	-	-	-
	月均最低温 Monthly mean minimum air temperature (℃)
平均值Mean	-23.2	-19.5	-11.4	-1.4	6.1	12.3	15.9	13.9	6.6	-2.1	-12.3	-20.0
标准误差SD	2.2	2.9	2.7	1.6	1.2	1.4	1.3	1.1	1.6	1.6	2.5	2.2
变化趋势Trend	+0.1	+0.3	+0.3	+0.1	+0.1	+0.1	+0.2	0.0	+0.1	-0.1	0.0	0.0
p	-	<.05	<.05	-	<.05	<.05	<.001	-	<.05	-	-	-
	月均最高温 Monthly mean maximum air temperature (℃)
平均值Mean	-12.1	-6.6	2.0	13.3	20.9	25.8	27.5	26.4	20.5	11.4	-0.3	-9.2
标准误差SD	2.8	3.5	2.9	2.1	1.2	1.5	2.0	1.9	1.5	2.1	3.0	2.5
变化趋势Trend	+0.1	+0.3	+0.3	+0.1	0.0	+0.1	+0.2	+0.1	+0.2	-0.1	0.0	+0.1
p	-	<.05	<.05	-	-	-	<.05	-	<.001	-	-	-
	月降水量 Monthly precipitation (mm)
平均值Mean	2.4	2.4	5.8	5.9	24.5	46.8	88.0	59.3	21.3	9.9	6.4	3.3
标准误差SD	1.8	2.1	5.2	5.0	22.1	23.5	43.5	41.1	17.9	10.2	6.5	2.0
变化趋势Trend	0.0	-0.2	-0.2	0.05	0.8	0.9	-1.3	-2.0	-1.8	-0.1	-0.2	0.05
p	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	<0.05	-	-	-

物候期 Phenophase	平均日期Average date (Julian day)	温度 T(℃)	最早日期 Min. date	最晚日期 Max. date	变幅 Extent	标准偏差 SD
P1	2-Apr. (93)	2.8	1990-21-Mar. (81)	2001-26-Apr. (117)	36	10.4
P2	7-Apr. (99)	3.3	1997-23-Mar. (83)	2000-12-May (133)	50	12.6
P3	12-Apr. (103)	4.8	1990-28-Mar. (88)	2002-3-May (124)	36	8.6
P4	14-Apr. (106)	7.3	1990-24-Mar. (84)	2002-11-May (132)	48	10.2
P5	16-Apr. (108)	7.7	1990-1-Apr. (92)	2002-5-May (126)	34	7.9
P6	24-Apr. (115)	6.6	1990-3-Apr. (94)	1989-21-Jun. (173)	79	18.3
P7	29-Apr. (121)	10.5	1990-17-Apr. (108)	1989-28-May. (149)	41	9.7
P8	1-Jul. (183)	20.6	2001-2-Jun. (154)	1994-5-Aug. (218)	64	18.8
P9	12-Jul. (194)	21.4	1996-15-Apr. (106)	1997-1-Aug. (214)	108	27.5
P10	23-Jul. (205)	21.9	1993-30-Jun. (182)	1995-15-Aug. (228)	46	13.6
P11	2-Aug. (215)	21.7	1986-19-Jul. (201)	2000-28-Aug. (241)	40	9.7
P12	3-Aug. (216)	23.0	1993-21-Jul. (203)	1985-15-Sept. (259)	56	16.2
P13	6-Aug. (220)	20.2	2002-9-Jul. (191)	1985-6-Sept. (250)	59	13.5
P14	16-Aug. (229)	19.7	2002-21-Jul. (203)	1987-14-Sept. (258)	55	15.8
P15	18-Aug. (231)	18.8	1993-23-Jul. (205)	1995/1996-2-Sept. (246)	41	12.1
P16	20-Aug. (234)	19.4	1992-13-Aug. (226)	1987-29-Aug. (242)	16	4.4
P17	23-Aug. (236)	19.0	1990-1-Aug. (214)	1987-30-Sept. (274)	60	19.4
P18	24-Aug. (237)	19.1	2002-1-Aug. (214)	1989-29-Sept. (273)	59	13.3
P19	31-Aug. (244)	18.9	1992-19-Aug. (232)	1985-15-Sept. (259)	27	9.0
P20	6-Sept. (250)	16.6	2002-15-Aug. (228)	1987-29-Sept. (273)	45	13.2
P21	9-Sept. (253)	14.3	1986-17-Aug. (230)	1996-26-Sept. (270)	40	10.2
P22	11-Sept. (255)	14.5	1998-26-Aug. (239)	1989-5-Oct. (279)	40	13.0
P23	19-Sept. (263)	10.8	2002-30-Aug. (243)	2000-24-Oct. (298)	55	13.9
P24	28-Sept. (273)	10.8	1998-17-Sept. (261)	1993-29-Oct. (303)	42	10.9
P25	29-Sept. (274)	9.2	2002-4-Sept. (248)	2000-22-Oct. (296)	48	15.9
P26	3-Oct. (277)	8.9	2001-6-Sept. (250)	2000-22-Oct. (296)	46	14.7
P27	4-Oct. (278)	7.9	1991-8-Sept. (252)	2000-23-Oct. (297)	45	12.5
P28	6-Oct. (280)	8.0	1992-26-Sept. (270)	1996-21-Oct. (295)	25	7.5
P29	7-Oct. (281)	7.6	1994-23-Sept. (267)	1998-17-Oct. (291)	24	7.4
P30	11-Oct. (285)	7.1	1994-1-Oct. (275)	1987-19-Oct. (293)	18	5.8
P31	22-Oct. (296)	3.3	2001-24-Sept. (268)	1997/1998-30-Oct. (304)	36	10.2