Effects of moss mortality on soil enzyme activities in a temperate desert

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2021.0127

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Catalysis associated with extracellular enzymes are closely related to nutrient circulation and energetic flow in soils. Changes of global climate and land use have resulted in different degrees of death of moss-dominated biological soil crusts (BSCs), yet there is still little knowledge of how moss mortality influences the nutrient cycling in the topsoil of a temperate desert.
Methods In this study, we measured the enzyme activities related to carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycling in different soil layers (0-2, 2-5, 5-10, 10-20 cm) under living and dead mosses in a desert in Gurbantünggüt, Xinjiang, China.
Important findings We found that moss death had a significant effect on the activities of β-glucosidase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, urease, nitrate reductase, phytase and alkaline phosphatase; these enzyme activities decreased with the increase of soil depth. The moss death decreased phytase activity, and increased enzyme activities related to carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycling. The results of correlation analyses showed that the carbon- and nitrogen-related enzyme activities were positively correlated with soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, NO₃^--N and NH₄⁺-N contents, and negatively correlated with pH, whereas the phytase and alkaline phosphatase activities had no significant correlation with total phosphorus and available phosphorus contents. In summary, the moss death in the temperate desert changed soil enzyme activities and accelerated soil nutrient cycling in a relatively short time.

Key words: biological soil crust, soil extracellular enzymes, nutrient cycling, Syntrichia caninervis, Gurbantünggüt Desert

ZHANG Qing, YIN Ben-Feng, LI Ji-Wen, LU Yong-Xing, RONG Xiao-Ying, ZHOU Xiao-Bing, ZHANG Bing-Chang, ZHANG Yuan-Ming. Effects of moss mortality on soil enzyme activities in a temperate desert[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2022, 46(3): 350-361.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2021.0127

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2022/V46/I3/350

Figures/Tables 7

Fig. 1 Live moss crust (A) and dead moss crust (B) in Gurbantünggüt Desert.

Table 1 Crust biomass and plant height of mosses in Gurbantünggüt Desert under different natural conditions

	生物量 Biomass (g·cm^-2)	株高 Plant height (cm)
活藓类结皮 Live moss crust	0.151 6	1.79
藓类植物死亡结皮 Dead moss crust	0.110 5	1.14

Table 2 Two-factor variance analysis of soil enzyme activities between crust state and soil depth in Gurbantünggüt Desert

因子 Factor	碳循环相关酶 Carbon-acquisition enzyme				氮循环相关酶 Nitrogen-acquisition enzyme		磷循环相关酶 Phosphorus-acquisition enzyme
因子 Factor	SR	BG	POD	PPO	UA	NR	Phytase	ALP
结皮状态 Crust state	0.065	6.265^*	46.550^**	7.403^*	7.230^*	14.925^**	166.115^**	6.402^*
土层深度 Soil depth	135.973^**	72.821^**	97.123^**	5.548^**	108.527^**	40.609^**	3.967^*	6.262^**
结皮状态×土层深度 Crust state × soil depth	0.643	1.080	2.360	12.046^**	2.891^*	14.439^**	2.540	0.770

Fig. 2 Soil enzyme activities (mean ± SE, n = 6) related to carbon cycling in different soil layers of moss crust under different conditions in Gurbantünggüt Desert. Different uppercase letters (live moss crust) and lowercase letters (dead moss crust) indicated significant differences in enzyme activities among different soil layers (p < 0.05). * and ** indicated significant (p < 0.05) and extremely significant (p < 0.01) differences in different crust states in the same soil layer.

Fig. 3 Soil enzyme activities (mean ± SE, n = 6) related to nitrogen cycling in different soil layers of moss crust under different conditions in Gurbantünggüt Desert. Different uppercase letters (live moss crust) and lowercase letters (dead moss crust) indicated significant differences in enzyme activities among different soil layers (p < 0.05). * and ** indicated significant (p < 0.05) and extremely significant (p < 0.01) differences in different crust states in the same soil layer.

Fig. 4 Soil enzyme activities (mean ± SE, n = 6) related to phosphorus cycling in different soil layers of moss crust under different conditions in Gurbantünggüt Desert. Different uppercase letters (live moss crust) and lowercase letters (dead moss crust) indicated significant differences in enzyme activities among different soil layers (p < 0.05). * and ** indicated significant (p < 0.05) and extremely significant (p < 0.01) differences in different crust states in the same soil layer.

Fig. 5 Correlation analysis of soil enzyme activities and soil physical and chemical properties under two types of crusts in Gurbantünggüt Desert. A, Live moss crust. B, Dead moss crust. C, A summary of the two types of moss crust. ALP, alkaline phosphatase activity; AP, available phosphorus content; BG, β-glucosidase activity; EC, conductivity; NH4+-N, ammonia nitrogen content; NO3--N, nitrate nitrogen content; NR, nitrate reductase activity; POD, peroxidase activity; PPO, polyphenol oxidase activity; SOC, total organic carbon content; SR, sucrase activity; SWC, soil water content; TC, total carbon content; TN, total nitrogen content; TP, total phosphorus content; UA, urease activity.

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