Effects of simulated warming on biological soil crust-soil system respiration in alpine sandy lands

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2020.0018

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Biological soil crust is an important type of surface cover in alpine sandy lands. Understanding of the effect of warming on respiration from the biological soil crust-soil system in alpine regions can provide theoretical reference to the assessment of the response and feedback of biological soil crusts to climate changes.
Methods The moss and algae crusts in the artificial vegetation restoration areas were taken as the research objects. The open top chamber (OTC) was used as a passive warming device to simulate warming. The daily and growing season dynamics of respiration rates in two types of biological soil crust-soil systems were measured. The effects of warming on CO₂ emission and its temperature sensitivity were discussed.
Important findings Both the daily and the growing season dynamics of respiration rate of the moss and algae crust-soil system showed “single-peak” curves and were not affected by warming. The daily peaks appeared around 13:00, and the growing season peaks appeared around August. Warming changed the daily peak value of respiration rate of the biological soil crust-soil system. In the relatively dry year (2017), moderate warming increased cumulative CO₂ emission from the two types of biological soil crust-soil system during growing season, but the increase declined under excessive warming. In the relatively wet year (2018), as warming got greater, CO₂ emission from the two types of biological soil crust-soil system increased more. The relationship between respiration rate and temperature of two types of biological soil crust-soil system followed the exponential function. In the relatively dry year, more increase of temperature induced smaller temperature sensitivity of CO₂ emission, and the temperature sensitivity varied from 1.47 to 1.61 and 1.60 to 1.95 in the moss and algae crust soil system respectively. In the relatively wet year, with the increase of temperature, temperature sensitivity of system respiration increased, and the temperature sensitivity varied from 1.44 to 1.68 and 1.44 to 1.76 in the moss and algae crust soil system respectively. This study shows that global warming has greatly increased the respiration of biological soil crust-soil system in alpine ecosystems. Therefore, we should fully consider the impact of climate warming on the wide spread biological soil crusts in this area for better evaluation of carbon cycling processes in alpine ecosystems.

Key words: alpine sandy area, biological soil crust, warming, respiration, temperature sensitivity

ZHAO He-Ju, YUE Yan-Peng, JIA Xiao-Hong, CHENG Long, WU Bo, LI Yuan-Shou, ZHOU Hong, ZHAO Xue-Bin. Effects of simulated warming on biological soil crust-soil system respiration in alpine sandy lands[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2020, 44(9): 916-925.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2020.0018

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2020/V44/I9/916

Figures/Tables 8

Table 1 Main characteristics of biological soil crust in the study area (mean ± SE)

结皮类型 Crust type	盖度 Coverage (%)	厚度 Thickness (cm)	生物量 Biomass (mg·cm^-2)
藻类结皮 Algae crust	＞51	1.01 ± 0.01	3.69 ± 0.21
苔藓结皮 Moss crust	＞41	1.49 ± 0.06	4.65 ± 0.25

Table 2 Statistics of precipitation events during the growing season in alpine sandy lands

年份 Year	总降水量 Total precipitation (mm)	增长率 Growth rate (%)
近30年平均 Average over the last 30 years	246.3	-
2017	226.7	-8
2018	372.4	51

Fig. 1 Changes of soil temperature (0-5 cm) under moss and algae crusts in open top chamber (OTC) a passive warming device with different specifications. A, Moss crust-soil system (TX). B, Algae crust-soil system (ZL). CK means control group; OTC1, OTC2, OTC3 represent different warming treatments.

Fig. 2 Increase in soil temperature (0-5 cm) under moss and algae crusts in open top chamber (OTC) a passive warming device with different specifications. TX, moss crust-soil system; ZL, algae crust-soil system.

Fig. 3 Daily dynamics of respiration rate of the biological soil crust-soil system under simulated warming. A, Moss crust-soil system (TX). B, Algae crust-soil system (ZL). CK means control group; OTC1, OTC2, OTC3 represent different warming treatments.

Fig. 4 Growing season dynamics of respiration rate of the biological soil crust-soil system under simulated warming (mean ± SE). A, Moss crust-soil system (TX). B, Algae crust-soil system (ZL). CK means control group; OTC1, OTC2, OTC3 represent different warming treatments.

Table 3 Cumulative CO2 emission from the biological soil crust-soil system in the growing season under simulated warming treatments

类型 Type	年份 Year	CO₂释放量 CO₂emission (g·m^-2)
类型 Type	年份 Year	CK (CV, %)	OTC1 (CV, %)	OTC2 (CV, %)	OTC3 (CV, %)
苔藓 Moss	2017	120.71 (31.62)	239.69 (27.64)	223.83 (30.83)	207.96 (34.96)
苔藓 Moss	2018	386.97 (30.91)	430.63 (33.54)	442.82 (32.31)	481.35 (33.53)
藻类 Algae	2017	79.03 (51.98)	115.87 (53.15)	105.86 (56.54)	94.94 (56.39)
藻类 Algae	2018	236.80 (46.93)	272.71 (45.30)	285.90 (43.74)	308.64 (42.13)

Table 4 Regression relationship between respiration rate of the biological soil crust-soil system and soil temperature in the 0-5 cm layer under simulated warming and comparison of temperature sensitivity (Q10) among different treatments

类型 Type	处理 Treatment	2017				2018
类型 Type	处理 Treatment	回归方程 Regression equation	R²	Q₁₀	p	回归方程 Regression equation	R²	Q₁₀	p
苔藓 Moss	CK	y = 0.389e^0.0489^x	0.36^**	1.61	0.001	y = 1.131e^0.0364^x	0.37^**	1.44	0.000
	OTC1	y = 0.612e^0.0422^x	0.37^**	1.53	0.008	y = 1.163e^0.0419^x	0.51^**	1.52	0.001
	OTC2	y = 0.546e^0.0405^x	0.53^**	1.50	0.000	y = 0.901e^0.047^x	0.45^**	1.60	0.000
	OTC3	y = 0.502e^0.0385^x	0.66^**	1.47	0.000	y = 1.009e^0.0519^x	0.58^**	1.68	0.009
藻类 Algae	CK	y = 0.103e^0.0667^x	0.76^**	1.95	0.001	y = 0.615e^0.0363^x	0.33^**	1.44	0.000
	OTC1	y = 0.090e^0.064^x	0.35^**	1.90	0.005	y = 0.554e^0.0445^x	0.27^**	1.56	0.004
	OTC2	y = 0.149e^0.0501^x	0.66^**	1.65	0.000	y = 0.361e^0.0519^x	0.40^**	1.68	0.000
	OTC3	y = 0.204e^0.0467^x	0.31^**	1.60	0.000	y = 0.522e^0.0567^x	0.49^**	1.76	0.000

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