Relationship between plant diversity and ecosystem multifunctionality in degraded alpine meadows under multifunctional group species combination models

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2024.0162

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Constructing multifunctional group species combination model is crucial for restoring severely degraded alpine grassland. However, the responses of multifunctional group species combination to severely degraded alpine meadows and relationship between plant diversity and ecosystem multifunctionality on the Qingzang Plateau remain unclear.

Methods In the study, we focused on the severely degraded alpine meadow at the Maqên County in the Sanjiangyuan Nature Reserve, and constructed four species combination models including grass mixture, grass + legume mixture, grass + legume + sedge mixture and grass + legume + forb mixture. The study evaluated the ecosystem multifunctionality under different species combination models by measuring plant diversity, primary productivity, and soil factors. Furthermore, the relationship between plant diversity and ecosystem multifunctionality was analyzed.

Important findings The results showed that: (1) Among the four species combination modes, the grass + legume + sedge mixture had the highest species richness and Shannon-Wiener index, whereas there was no significant differences in Simpson index and Pielou index between the multifunctional group species combination models. (2) The biomass increased significantly with the addition of plant functional group numbers, and was the highest in the grass + legume + sedge mixture. (3) Except for pH, conductivity, and available phosphorus content, all other indicators increased significantly under the grass + legume + sedge mixture. (4) Ecosystem multifunctionality was the highest under the grass + legume + sedge mixture, and the ecosystem multifunctionality showed decreasing pattern along with the increase of plant diversity. Our results indicated that the grass + legume + sedge mixture has a significant impact on promoting the recovery of soil nutrients and improving primary productivity in severely degraded alpine meadows. The study provides a multifunctional group species combination reference for the restoration of severely degraded alpine meadows in the Sanjiangyuan region, and is of great significance for promoting the theoretical development of ecological restoration in severely degraded alpine meadows on the Qingzang Plateau.

Key words: multifunctional group, plant diversity, ecosystem multifunctionality, ecological restoration, alpine meadow, Qingzang Plateau

WANG Wen-Ying, XIAO Yuan-Ming, WANG Xiao-Yun, XU Jia-Xin, MA Yu-Hua, LI Qiang-Feng, ZHOU Guo-Ying. Relationship between plant diversity and ecosystem multifunctionality in degraded alpine meadows under multifunctional group species combination models[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2025, 49(1): 103-117.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2024.0162

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2025/V49/I1/103

Figures/Tables 6

References 76

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土壤指标 Soil index	土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)	对照 Control	G	G + L	G + L + S	G + L + F
铵态氮含量 NH₄⁺-N content (mg·kg^-1)	0-10	4.34 ± 0.34^b	4.65 ± 0.41^b	4.79 ± 0.28^b	7.03 ± 0.43^a	6.10 ± 0.37^a
	10-20	3.71 ± 0.31^b	4.19 ± 0.33^b	4.27 ± 0.49^b	5.90 ± 0.53^a	4.80 ± 0.37^ab
	20-30	2.70 ± 0.29^b	2.98 ± 0.19^ab	3.19 ± 0.20^ab	3.58 ± 0.20^a	3.32 ± 0.20^ab
硝态氮含量 NO₃^--N content (mg·kg^-1)	0-10	31.27 ± 3.09^b	31.50 ± 1.57^b	35.62 ± 1.21^b	44.91 ± 3.09^a	38.37 ± 2.60^ab
	10-20	17.77 ± 1.49^b	18.03 ± 0.81^b	18.17 ± 0.70^b	22.90 ± 1.08^a	18.72 ± 1.72^b
	20-30	15.47 ± 0.76^a	15.31 ± 0.47^a	15.71 ± 0.90^a	17.96 ± 1.56^a	17.04 ± 1.31^a
全氮含量 TN content (g·kg^-1)	0-10	2.08 ± 0.06^b	2.13 ± 0.10^b	2.25 ± 0.16^ab	2.62 ± 0.15^a	2.26 ± 0.18^ab
	10-20	1.70 ± 0.08^b	1.74 ± 0.12^b	1.78 ± 0.06^ab	2.21 ± 0.19^a	1.86 ± 0.21^ab
	20-30	1.52 ± 0.05^b	1.48 ± 0.07^b	1.58 ± 0.08^b	1.96 ± 0.13^a	1.60 ± 0.20^b
全磷含量 TP content (g·kg^-1)	0-10	0.29 ± 0.00^b	0.30 ± 0.02^b	0.34 ± 0.02^ab	0.37 ± 0.03^a	0.35 ± 0.02^ab
	10-20	0.31 ± 0.02^b	0.33 ± 0.02^b	0.38 ± 0.02^ab	0.41 ± 0.03^a	0.40 ± 0.02^a
	20-30	0.28 ± 0.00^b	0.29 ± 0.01^b	0.34 ± 0.00^a	0.36 ± 0.02^a	0.36 ± 0.02^a
速效磷含量 AP content (mg·kg^-1)	0-10	5.25 ± 0.29^b	5.89 ± 0.08^b	5.96 ± 0.29^b	7.31 ± 0.37^a	7.29 ± 0.23^a
	10-20	4.49 ± 0.15^b	4.76 ± 0.10^b	5.67 ± 0.19^a	5.72 ± 0.15^a	5.85 ± 0.31^a
	20-30	4.09 ± 0.22^b	4.98 ± 0.08^a	5.03 ± 0.36^a	5.53 ± 0.31^a	5.42 ± 0.31^a
有机质含量 SOM content (g·kg^-1)	0-10	44.65 ± 1.18^c	51.49 ± 2.15^b	52.25 ± 1.46^b	68.74 ± 2.02^a	53.01 ± 0.80^b
	10-20	35.17 ± 1.39^b	37.50 ± 3.36^ab	38.04 ± 1.56^ab	43.83 ± 1.49^a	41.28 ± 1.93^ab
	20-30	32.01 ± 1.63^b	32.69 ± 2.29^b	34.57 ± 0.65^ab	38.22 ± 0.98^a	35.52 ± 1.35^ab
pH	0-10	7.16 ± 0.13^a	7.24 ± 0.11^a	7.18 ± 0.05^a	7.12 ± 0.09^a	7.28 ± 0.06^a
	10-20	7.17 ± 0.12^a	7.29 ± 0.09^a	7.24 ± 0.05^a	7.24 ± 0.07^a	7.33 ± 0.05^a
	20-30	7.21 ± 0.08^a	7.35 ± 0.09^a	7.27 ± 0.05^a	7.28 ± 0.06^a	7.33 ± 0.05^a
电导率 EC (μs·cm^-1)	0-10	76.44 ± 2.16^a	62.14 ± 2.79^b	59.24 ± 2.25^b	54.90 ± 3.07^b	55.56 ± 3.49^b
	10-20	57.28 ± 2.11^a	51.06 ± 2.89^ab	46.06 ± 1.66^b	46.46 ± 2.69^b	50.48 ± 1.63^ab
	20-30	53.66 ± 2.16^a	52.06 ± 2.77^a	42.10 ± 3.58^b	39.02 ± 3.31^b	38.58 ± 2.08^b

土壤指标 Soil index	土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)	对照 Control	G	G + L	G + L + S	G + L + F
铵态氮含量 NH₄⁺-N content (mg·kg^-1)	0-10	4.34 ± 0.34^b	4.65 ± 0.41^b	4.79 ± 0.28^b	7.03 ± 0.43^a	6.10 ± 0.37^a
	10-20	3.71 ± 0.31^b	4.19 ± 0.33^b	4.27 ± 0.49^b	5.90 ± 0.53^a	4.80 ± 0.37^ab
	20-30	2.70 ± 0.29^b	2.98 ± 0.19^ab	3.19 ± 0.20^ab	3.58 ± 0.20^a	3.32 ± 0.20^ab
硝态氮含量 NO₃^--N content (mg·kg^-1)	0-10	31.27 ± 3.09^b	31.50 ± 1.57^b	35.62 ± 1.21^b	44.91 ± 3.09^a	38.37 ± 2.60^ab
	10-20	17.77 ± 1.49^b	18.03 ± 0.81^b	18.17 ± 0.70^b	22.90 ± 1.08^a	18.72 ± 1.72^b
	20-30	15.47 ± 0.76^a	15.31 ± 0.47^a	15.71 ± 0.90^a	17.96 ± 1.56^a	17.04 ± 1.31^a
全氮含量 TN content (g·kg^-1)	0-10	2.08 ± 0.06^b	2.13 ± 0.10^b	2.25 ± 0.16^ab	2.62 ± 0.15^a	2.26 ± 0.18^ab
	10-20	1.70 ± 0.08^b	1.74 ± 0.12^b	1.78 ± 0.06^ab	2.21 ± 0.19^a	1.86 ± 0.21^ab
	20-30	1.52 ± 0.05^b	1.48 ± 0.07^b	1.58 ± 0.08^b	1.96 ± 0.13^a	1.60 ± 0.20^b
全磷含量 TP content (g·kg^-1)	0-10	0.29 ± 0.00^b	0.30 ± 0.02^b	0.34 ± 0.02^ab	0.37 ± 0.03^a	0.35 ± 0.02^ab
	10-20	0.31 ± 0.02^b	0.33 ± 0.02^b	0.38 ± 0.02^ab	0.41 ± 0.03^a	0.40 ± 0.02^a
	20-30	0.28 ± 0.00^b	0.29 ± 0.01^b	0.34 ± 0.00^a	0.36 ± 0.02^a	0.36 ± 0.02^a
速效磷含量 AP content (mg·kg^-1)	0-10	5.25 ± 0.29^b	5.89 ± 0.08^b	5.96 ± 0.29^b	7.31 ± 0.37^a	7.29 ± 0.23^a
	10-20	4.49 ± 0.15^b	4.76 ± 0.10^b	5.67 ± 0.19^a	5.72 ± 0.15^a	5.85 ± 0.31^a
	20-30	4.09 ± 0.22^b	4.98 ± 0.08^a	5.03 ± 0.36^a	5.53 ± 0.31^a	5.42 ± 0.31^a
有机质含量 SOM content (g·kg^-1)	0-10	44.65 ± 1.18^c	51.49 ± 2.15^b	52.25 ± 1.46^b	68.74 ± 2.02^a	53.01 ± 0.80^b
	10-20	35.17 ± 1.39^b	37.50 ± 3.36^ab	38.04 ± 1.56^ab	43.83 ± 1.49^a	41.28 ± 1.93^ab
	20-30	32.01 ± 1.63^b	32.69 ± 2.29^b	34.57 ± 0.65^ab	38.22 ± 0.98^a	35.52 ± 1.35^ab
pH	0-10	7.16 ± 0.13^a	7.24 ± 0.11^a	7.18 ± 0.05^a	7.12 ± 0.09^a	7.28 ± 0.06^a
	10-20	7.17 ± 0.12^a	7.29 ± 0.09^a	7.24 ± 0.05^a	7.24 ± 0.07^a	7.33 ± 0.05^a
	20-30	7.21 ± 0.08^a	7.35 ± 0.09^a	7.27 ± 0.05^a	7.28 ± 0.06^a	7.33 ± 0.05^a
电导率 EC (μs·cm^-1)	0-10	76.44 ± 2.16^a	62.14 ± 2.79^b	59.24 ± 2.25^b	54.90 ± 3.07^b	55.56 ± 3.49^b
	10-20	57.28 ± 2.11^a	51.06 ± 2.89^ab	46.06 ± 1.66^b	46.46 ± 2.69^b	50.48 ± 1.63^ab
	20-30	53.66 ± 2.16^a	52.06 ± 2.77^a	42.10 ± 3.58^b	39.02 ± 3.31^b	38.58 ± 2.08^b