中国北亚热带天然次生林与杉木人工林土壤活性有机碳库的比较

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00431

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了了解北亚热带东部地区天然次生林转变成杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)人工林对土壤活性有机碳库的影响, 以浙江省富阳市庙山坞森林生态系统定位研究站杉木人工林和天然次生林为研究对象, 对达到成熟林状态的两种林分类型0-60 cm内各土层土壤活性有机碳含量进行了比较研究。结果表明: 1)天然次生林土壤总有机碳、易氧化有机碳、水溶性有机碳和轻组有机质含量均高于杉木人工林, 与人工杉木林相比, 增幅分别为19.0%-32.6%、0.8%-30.3%、3.8%-54.1%和6.3%-38.6%, 且在0-10和10-20 cm土层差异显著(p < 0.05) (水溶性有机碳仅在0-10 cm土层差异显著); 2)杉木人工林土壤水溶性有机碳与易氧化碳占总有机碳的比率均高于天然次生林; 3)两个林分土壤水溶性有机碳、易氧化碳和轻组有机质与总有机碳含量均呈现极显著相关, 且天然次生林土壤易氧化碳、轻组有机质与总有机碳的相关系数均大于杉木人工林; 4)土壤有机碳、水溶性有机碳、易氧化碳和轻组有机质与土壤养分(全氮、水解氮、速效磷、速效钾、速效钙和速效镁)的相关性均达到显著(p < 0.05)或极显著(p < 0.01)水平。

关键词: 杉木林, 活性有机碳, 轻组有机质, 天然次生林

Abstract:

Aims Our objective was to assess the effects of land use type conversion on the soil liable organic carbon pool in north subtropical areas of China.
Methods We used reference land unit to collect soil samples in natural secondary forests and Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) plantations and analyzed liable organic carbon in the depth of 0-60 cm.
Important findings The contents of soil total organic carbon (TOC), easily-oxidized carbon (EOC), water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and light fraction organic matter (LFOM) in the soil of natural secondary forests were higher than those in Chinese fir plantations. The variations in amplitude for these four parameters were 19.0%-32.6%, 0.8%-30.3%, 3.8%-54.1% and 6.3%-38.6%, respectively. There were significant differences in the depth of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm (p < 0.05) (WSOC was only significantly different in the depth of 0-10 cm). The ratios of WSOC and EOC to TOC content in Chinese fir plantations were higher than those in natural secondary forests. WSOC, EOC and LFOM were significantly related to TOC in the two forest stands, and the correlation coefficients of EOC and LFOM to TOC in natural secondary forests were higher than those in Chinese fir plantations. TOC, WSOC, EOC and LFOM were all significantly related to soil nutrients (total N, hydrolysis N and available K, Ca and Mg).

Key words: Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation, labile organic carbon, light fraction organic matter, natural secondary forest

刘荣杰, 吴亚丛, 张英, 李正才, 马少杰, 王斌, 格日乐图. 中国北亚热带天然次生林与杉木人工林土壤活性有机碳库的比较. 植物生态学报, 2012, 36(5): 431-437. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00431

LIU Rong-Jie, WU Ya-Cong, ZHANG Ying, LI Zheng-Cai, MA Shao-Jie, WANG Bin, GERI Le-Tu. Comparison of soil labile organic carbon in Chinese fir plantations and natural secondary forests in north subtropical areas of China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2012, 36(5): 431-437. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00431

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2012/V36/I5/431

图/表 5

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土地利用类型 Land use type	主要植物 Main plant	平均树高 Average tree height (m)	平均胸径 Average DBH (cm)	立木密度 Stem density (株·hm^-2)	郁闭度 Canopy density	管理方式 Management mode	林龄 Stand age (a)
杉木人工林 Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation	杉木 C. lanceolata	16.0	16.2	1 560	0.9	抚育采伐 Tending felling	32
天然次生林 Natural secondary forest	壳斗科、樟科为主 Fagaceae, Lauraceae-based	15.5	13.4	510	0.8	封山育林 Enclose the hills for natural afforestation	43

土地利用类型 Land use type	主要植物 Main plant	平均树高 Average tree height (m)	平均胸径 Average DBH (cm)	立木密度 Stem density (株·hm^-2)	郁闭度 Canopy density	管理方式 Management mode	林龄 Stand age (a)
杉木人工林 Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation	杉木 C. lanceolata	16.0	16.2	1 560	0.9	抚育采伐 Tending felling	32
天然次生林 Natural secondary forest	壳斗科、樟科为主 Fagaceae, Lauraceae-based	15.5	13.4	510	0.8	封山育林 Enclose the hills for natural afforestation	43

土层 Soil layer (cm)	土层总有机碳 TOC (g·kg^-1)		水溶性有机碳 WSOC (mg·kg^-1)		易氧化碳 EOC (g·kg^-1)		轻组有机质 LFOM (g·kg^-1)
土层 Soil layer (cm)	天然次生林 SF	杉木人工林 CF	天然次生林 SF	杉木人工林 CF	天然次生林 SF	杉木人工林 CF	天然次生林 SF	杉木人工林 CF
0-10	38.65 ± 5.32^A	31.32 ± 2.57^B	73.99 ± 12.98^A	56.77 ± 8.82^B	15.58 ± 3.15^A	13.30 ± 1.20^B	27.84 ± 6.71^A	24.13 ± 6.28^B
10-20	30.37 ± 4.49^A	22.92 ± 1.43^B	61.07 ± 12.21	53.25 ± 10.35	12.21 ± 2.84 ^A	7.92 ± 1.26 ^B	20.66 ± 6.68^A	14.91 ± 2.43^B
20-30	23.12 ± 3.58	18.74 ± 1.82	51.99 ± 10.07	51.59 ± 9.14	7.14 ± 0.49	6.88 ± 0.66	14.82 ± 5.02	11.54 ± 1.87
30-40	18.94 ± 2.51	15.92 ± 1.83	52.70 ± 10.75	51.06 ± 6.00	5.68 ± 0.74	5.06 ± 0.92	11.14 ± 4.06	8.33 ± 1.45
40-50	18.58 ± 1.80	14.58 ± 2.19	53.44 ± 15.41	49.95 ± 6.78	4.33 ± 0.68	4.19 ± 0.84	8.64 ± 1.98	7.94 ± 2.26
50-60	16.67 ± 1.34	12.60 ± 2.41	51.93 ± 8.19	48.57 ± 4.44	3.85 ± 0.76^A	3.46 ± 0.47^B	7.61 ± 2.15	7.16 ± 2.65

土层 Soil layer (cm)	土层总有机碳 TOC (g·kg^-1)		水溶性有机碳 WSOC (mg·kg^-1)		易氧化碳 EOC (g·kg^-1)		轻组有机质 LFOM (g·kg^-1)
土层 Soil layer (cm)	天然次生林 SF	杉木人工林 CF	天然次生林 SF	杉木人工林 CF	天然次生林 SF	杉木人工林 CF	天然次生林 SF	杉木人工林 CF
0-10	38.65 ± 5.32^A	31.32 ± 2.57^B	73.99 ± 12.98^A	56.77 ± 8.82^B	15.58 ± 3.15^A	13.30 ± 1.20^B	27.84 ± 6.71^A	24.13 ± 6.28^B
10-20	30.37 ± 4.49^A	22.92 ± 1.43^B	61.07 ± 12.21	53.25 ± 10.35	12.21 ± 2.84 ^A	7.92 ± 1.26 ^B	20.66 ± 6.68^A	14.91 ± 2.43^B
20-30	23.12 ± 3.58	18.74 ± 1.82	51.99 ± 10.07	51.59 ± 9.14	7.14 ± 0.49	6.88 ± 0.66	14.82 ± 5.02	11.54 ± 1.87
30-40	18.94 ± 2.51	15.92 ± 1.83	52.70 ± 10.75	51.06 ± 6.00	5.68 ± 0.74	5.06 ± 0.92	11.14 ± 4.06	8.33 ± 1.45
40-50	18.58 ± 1.80	14.58 ± 2.19	53.44 ± 15.41	49.95 ± 6.78	4.33 ± 0.68	4.19 ± 0.84	8.64 ± 1.98	7.94 ± 2.26
50-60	16.67 ± 1.34	12.60 ± 2.41	51.93 ± 8.19	48.57 ± 4.44	3.85 ± 0.76^A	3.46 ± 0.47^B	7.61 ± 2.15	7.16 ± 2.65

土层 Soil layer (cm)	水溶性有机碳占总有机碳的比率 WSOC/TOC (%)		易氧化碳占总有机碳的比率 EOC/TOC (%)
土层 Soil layer (cm)	天然次生林 SF	杉木人工林 CF	天然次生林 SF	杉木人工林 CF
0-10	0.19	0.18	40.31	42.48
10-20	0.20	0.23	40.19	34.56
20-30	0.23	0.28	30.90	36.72
30-40	0.28	0.32	30.00	31.81
40-50	0.29	0.34	23.32	28.74
50-60	0.31	0.39	23.09	27.45