CO2浓度倍增对8种作物叶片光合作用、蒸腾作用和水分利用效率的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00438

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

揭示作物光合作用、蒸腾作用和水分利用效率(WUE)对大气CO₂浓度变化的响应, 对预测未来大气CO₂浓度升高条件下作物生产力与需水规律的变化具有重要意义。在自然CO₂浓度、CO₂倍增和倍增后恢复到自然CO₂浓度3种情况下, 对大豆(Glycine max)、甘薯(Ipomoea batatas)、花生(Arachis hypogaea)、水稻(Oryza sativa)、棉花(Gossypium hirsutum)、玉米(Zea mays)、高粱(Sorghum vulgare)和谷子(Setaria italica) 8种作物的气体交换参数进行了研究。结果表明: CO₂浓度倍增可以提高光合速率, 降低蒸腾速率, 从而提高WUE, 其中光合速率提高的贡献更大; C₃比C₄作物的光合速率、WUE增幅大, C₃作物光合速率提高对WUE的贡献大于C₄作物; 通过对比倍增后恢复到自然CO₂浓度时气体交换参数随环境条件变化的响应确定了其内在调控机制; 倍增后恢复到自然CO₂浓度时作物光合速率低于自然CO₂浓度下的光合速率, 而蒸腾速率无明显差异。由此判断: CO₂浓度倍增下存在光合下调现象, 这可能是由于Rubisco酶蛋白含量、活化水平和比活性降低等“非气孔因素”造成的, 并非由气孔导度的降低引起的。

关键词: 作物, CO₂浓度倍增, 光合速率, 蒸腾速率, 水分利用效率

Abstract:

Aims Our objective was to elucidate the response of crop photosynthesis, transpiration and water use efficiency to atmospheric CO₂ concentration. This has great significance to predicting crop productivity and water-demand changes under increasing atmospheric CO₂ concentration.
Methods The photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate and water use efficiency of eight crops (soybean (Glycine max), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), peanut (Arachis hypogaea), rice (Oryza sativa), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), corn (Zea mays), sorghum (Sorghum vulgare) and millet (Setaria italica)) were studied under natural CO₂ concentration, doubled CO₂ concentration and natural CO₂ concentration after doubled CO₂ conditions.
Important findings Doubled CO₂ concentration increased the photosynthesis rate and decreased the transpiration rate, and therefore water use efficiency was more significantly increased. The increase of water use efficiency showed greater dependence on the increase of photosynthesis rate than the decrease of transpiration rate. The variations of photosynthesis rate and water use efficiency of C₃ crops were larger than those of C₄ crops. The effect of photosynthesis rate of C₃ crops on the water use efficiency was larger than that of C₄ crops. The photosynthesis rate under natural CO₂ concentration after doubled CO₂concentration was lower than that under natural CO₂ concentration, but no significant difference was found for the transpiration rate. The photosynthetic capacity under natural CO₂ concentration after doubled CO₂ concentration was decreased mainly by the decreasing of some non-stomatal factors, including the protein content, activation levels and specific activity of the enzyme Rubisco.

Key words: crop, doubled CO₂ concentration, photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, water use efficiency

王建林, 温学发, 赵风华, 房全孝, 杨新民. CO₂浓度倍增对8种作物叶片光合作用、蒸腾作用和水分利用效率的影响. 植物生态学报, 2012, 36(5): 438-446. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00438

WANG Jian-Lin, WEN Xue-Fa, ZHAO Feng-Hua, FANG Quan-Xiao, YANG Xin-Min. Effects of doubled CO₂ concentration on leaf photosynthesis, transpiration and water use efficiency of eight crop species. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2012, 36(5): 438-446. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00438

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00438

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2012/V36/I5/438

图/表 5

图1 自然CO2浓度([375])、CO2浓度倍增([750])、倍增后恢复到自然CO2浓度([750-375])下8种作物的光合速率(Pn) (平均值±标准偏差, n = 3)。CO, 棉花; MA, 玉米; MI, 谷子; PE, 花生; RI, 水稻; SB, 大豆; SO, 高粱; SP, 甘薯。

Fig. 1 Photosynthesis rate (Pn) of eight crops under natural ([375]), doubled ([750]), natural after doubled ([750-375]) CO2 concentration conditions (mean ± SD, n = 3). CO, Gossypium hirsutum; MA, Zea mays; MI, Setaria italica; PE, Arachis hypogaea; RI, Oryza sativa; SB, Glyline max; SO, Sorghum vulgare; SP, Ipomoea batatas.

图2 自然CO2浓度([375])、CO2浓度倍增([750])、倍增后恢复到自然CO2浓度([750-375])下8种作物的最大羧化速率(Vcmax) (平均值±标准偏差, n = 3)。CO, 棉花; MA, 玉米; MI, 谷子; PE, 花生; RI, 水稻; SB, 大豆; SO, 高粱; SP, 甘薯。

Fig. 2 Maximum rate of carboxylation (Vcmax) of eight crops under natural ([375]), doubled ([750]), natural after doubled ([750-375]) CO2 concentration conditions (mean ± SD, n = 3). CO, Gossypium hirsutum; MA, Zea mays; MI, Setaria italica; PE, Arachis hypogaea; RI, Oryza sativa; SB, Glyline max; SO, Sorghum vulgare; SP, Ipomoea batatas.

图3 自然CO2浓度([375])、CO2浓度倍增([750])、倍增后恢复到自然CO2浓度([750-375])下8种作物的蒸腾速率(Tr) (平均值±标准偏差, n = 3)。CO, 棉花; MA, 玉米; MI, 谷子; PE, 花生; RI, 水稻; SB, 大豆; SO, 高粱; SP, 甘薯。

Fig. 3 Transpiration rate (Tr) of eight crops under natural ([375]), doubled ([750]), natural after doubled ([750-375]) CO2 concentration conditions (mean ± SD, n = 3). CO, Gossypium hirsutum; MA, Zea mays; MI, Setaria italica; PE, Arachis hypogaea; RI, Oryza sativa; SB, Glyline max; SO, Sorghum vulgare; SP, Ipomoea batatas.

图4 自然CO2浓度([375])、CO2浓度倍增([750])、倍增后恢复到自然CO2浓度([750-375])下8种作物的水分利用效率(WUE) (平均值±标准偏差, n = 3)。CO, 棉花; MA, 玉米; MI, 谷子; PE, 花生; RI, 水稻; SB, 大豆; SO, 高粱; SP, 甘薯。

Fig. 4 Water use efficiency (WUE) of eight crops under natural ([375]), doubled ([750]), natural after doubled ([750-375]) CO2 concentration conditions (mean ± SD, n = 3). CO, Gossypium hirsutum; MA, Zea mays; MI, Setaria italica; PE, Arachis hypogaea; RI, Oryza sativa; SB, Glyline max; SO, Sorghum vulgare; SP, Ipomoea batatas.

表1 CO2浓度倍增下水分利用效率(WUE)的增幅及光合增强和蒸腾减弱的贡献率

Table 1 Elevated water use efficiency (WUE) by increased photosynthesis and decreased transpiration under doubled CO2 concentration

物种 Species	大豆 Glycine max	甘薯 Ipomoea batatas	花生 Arachis hypogaea	水稻 Oryza sativa	棉花 Gossypium hirsutum	玉米 Zea mays	高粱 Sorghum vulgare	谷子 Setaria italica
WUE增幅 Elevated WUE (%)	68.18	87.78	81.78	93.05	61.34	47.97	46.89	47.02
光合速率升高的贡献 Proffer from photosynthetic rate (%)	69.31	66.27	75.53	69.06	70.49	61.73	56.74	41.18
蒸腾速率降低的贡献 Proffer from transpiration rate (%)	30.69	33.73	24.47	30.94	29.51	38.27	43.26	58.82

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CO₂浓度倍增对8种作物叶片光合作用、蒸腾作用和水分利用效率的影响

Effects of doubled CO₂ concentration on leaf photosynthesis, transpiration and water use efficiency of eight crop species

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