间作对氮调控玉米光合速率和光合氮利用效率的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2018.0033

植物生态学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (6): 672-680.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0033

间作对氮调控玉米光合速率和光合氮利用效率的影响

朱启林¹,向蕊¹,汤利^1,²,龙光强^1,^2,^*()

1 云南农业大学资源与环境学院, 昆明 650201
2 农业部云南耕地保育科学观测实验站, 昆明 650201

收稿日期:2018-01-30 修回日期:2018-04-25 出版日期:2018-06-20 发布日期:2018-06-20
通讯作者: 龙光强
基金资助:
云南省农业联合专项(2017FG001-027);云南省中青年学术技术带头人后备人才项目(2017HB027);国家自然科学基金项目(41201289);国家自然科学基金项目(41361065)

Effects of intercropping on photosynthetic rate and net photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency of maize under nitrogen addition

ZHU Qi-Lin¹,XIANG Rui¹,TANG Li^1,²,LONG Guang-Qiang^1,^2,^*()

1 College of Resources and Environmental Science, Yunnan Agriculture University, Kunming 650201, China
2 Yunnan Scientific Observation Station for Cultivated Land Conservation of the Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming 650201, China

Received:2018-01-30 Revised:2018-04-25 Online:2018-06-20 Published:2018-06-20
Contact: Guang-Qiang LONG
Supported by:
Supported by the Yunnan Agricultural Joint Project(2017FG001-027);the Reserve Talent Young Academic and Technical Leaders of Yunnan Province(2017HB027);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41201289);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41361065)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究间作后作物光合碳同化和光合氮利用效率(PNUE)对氮投入的响应, 对阐释间作产量优势的氮调控效应, 指导间作氮肥管理有重要意义。本研究设置玉米(Zea mays)单作、玉米间作两种种植模式的4个氮水平(N0, 0 kg·hm ^-2; N1, 125 kg·hm ^-2; N2, 250 kg·hm ^-2; N3, 375 kg·hm ^-2), 分析间作与施氮量对玉米叶片特征、光合参数、PNUE和产量的影响。结果表明: 与单作相比, 间作显著增加玉米叶片的叶干质量和比叶质量; 各施氮水平(除N3)下, 间作中靠近马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)侧的玉米叶面积均显著高于单作玉米。单间作对比发现, 间作提高了玉米光饱和点和暗呼吸速率。单作、间作靠玉米侧(I-M)、间作靠马铃薯侧(I-P)的玉米PNUE均随施氮量增加而降低, 降幅以I-P最大; 施氮量低于250 kg·hm ^-2时, 相同施氮量下的玉米PNUE和净光合速率(P_n)均以I-P最高, I-M和单作次之。间作显著提高了玉米产量(土地当量比>1)。该研究中当施氮量≤250 kg·hm ^-2时, 间作I-P的玉米叶片P_n和PNUE显著提高可能是间作玉米产量提高的重要原因。

关键词: 间作, 施氮水平, 叶片含氮量, 光合速率, 光合氮利用效率

Abstract:

Aims The aim of this study was to explore the response of photosynthetic carbon assimilation and photosynthetic nitrogen (N) use efficiency (PNUE) of maize to intercropping system of maize and potato under different N addition, which has a great significance for the N regulation and N fertilizer management for the increase in intercropping yield.

Methods In order to analyze the effects of intercropping and additional N level on leaf characteristics, photosynthetic parameters, PNUE and yield of maize, field experiment with mono- and inter-cropping system under four N addition levels (N0, 0 kg·hm ^-2, N1, 125 kg·hm ^-2, N2, 250 kg·hm ^-2 and N3, 375 kg·hm ^-2) treatments were set up.

Important findings The results showed that inter-cropping planting significantly increased leaf dry mass of maize and leaf mass per area compared with maize monoculture. Among different N treatment levels (except N3), leaf area of maize under intercropping close to potato increased compared with that under maize monoculture. Intercropping also increased the light saturation point of photosynthesis and dark respiration rate of maize compared with maize monoculture. PNUE decreased as the increasing of N levels in monoculture maize, intercropping maize leaves close to potato (I-P) and leaves close to maize of other row (I-M), and the largest decline was found in I-P. At the same N level (less than 250 kg N·hm^-2), PNUE and photosynthetic rate (P_n) of maize in I-P were significantly higher than those in M and I-M system. Intercropping system significantly improve the yield of maize (land equivalent ratio > 1). This study concluded that higher PNUE and P_nof maize close to the potato contributed to the increase of intercropped maize yield under less than or equal to 250 kg N·hm^-2 addition.

Key words: intercropping, nitrogen level, leaf nitrogen content, photosynthetic rate, photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency

朱启林, 向蕊, 汤利, 龙光强. 间作对氮调控玉米光合速率和光合氮利用效率的影响. 植物生态学报, 2018, 42(6): 672-680. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0033

ZHU Qi-Lin, XIANG Rui, TANG Li, LONG Guang-Qiang. Effects of intercropping on photosynthetic rate and net photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency of maize under nitrogen addition. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2018, 42(6): 672-680. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0033

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2018.0033

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2018/V42/I6/672

图/表 6

图1 玉米单作和间作示意图。I, 间作; I-M, 靠近玉米侧的玉米叶片; I-P, 靠近马铃薯侧的玉米叶片; M, 单作。

Fig. 1 Illustration of maize monoculture and intercropping maize and potato. I, intercropping; I-M, intercropping maize leaves close to maize of other row; I-P, intercropping maize leaves close to potato; M, monoculture.

表1 不同氮水平对玉米产量、生物量的影响(×103 kg·hm-2)(平均值±标准偏差)

Table 1 Effects of N levels on yield and biomass of maize (×103 kg·hm-2)(mean ± SD)

氮水平 N level (kg·hm^-2)	产量 Yield		生物量 Biomass		土地当量比 Land equivalent ratio
氮水平 N level (kg·hm^-2)	I	M	I	M	土地当量比 Land equivalent ratio
0 (N0)	7.54 ± 0.23^Aa	5.18 ± 0.71^Aa	17.62 ± 1.01^Aa	14.88 ± 1.24^Aa	1.46
125 (N1)	12.30 ± 1.57^Ab	9.99 ± 1.63^Ab	25.69 ± 0.52^Ab	21.84 ± 0.73^Bb	1.23
250 (N2)	14.40 ± 1.67^Ab	11.69 ± 1.97^Bb	28.82 ± 1.88^Ac	24.90 ± 2.73^Bc	1.23
375 (N3)	14.29 ± 1.47^Ab	11.92 ± 1.11^Bb	28.63 ± 2.33^Ac	25.20 ± 1.75^Bc	1.20

图2 不同氮水平下单作和间作对玉米光合特征参数的影响(平均值+标准偏差)。不同小写字母代表同一种植模式下的不同氮水平间差异显著(p < 0.05)。不同大写字母代表同一施氮水平下间作和单作之间差异显著(p < 0.05)。I-M, 靠近玉米侧玉米叶片; I-P, 靠近马铃薯侧玉米叶片; M, 单作; Pn, 净光合速率; Ci, 胞间CO2浓度; Gs, 气孔导度; Tr, 蒸腾速率; Ls, 气孔限制值; WUE, 水分利用效率。

Fig. 2 Effects of monoculture and intercropping on photosynthetic characteristics of maize under different nitrogen levels (mean + SD). Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among different N levels in the same planting pattern (p < 0.05). Different capital letters mean significant difference between monoculture and intercropping at the same N level (p < 0.05). I-M, intercropping maize leaves close to maize of other row; I-P, intercropping maize leaves close to potato; M, monoculture, Pn, net photosynthetic rate; Ci, intercellular CO2 concentration; Gs, stomatal conductance; Tr, transpiration rate; Ls, stomatal limitation; WUE, water use efficiency.

图3 单作和间作玉米叶片光响应曲线。I, 间作; M, 单作; Pn, 净光合速率。

Fig. 3 Response of net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of maize leaves to photon flux density at monoculture and intercropping planting. I, intercropping; M, monoculture.

表2 不同氮水平对单作和间作玉米叶片形态特征的影响(平均值±标准偏差)

Table 2 Effects of N levels on morphological characteristics of maize leaves grown in monoculture and intercropping pattern (mean ± SD)

叶片指标 Leaf indexes	种植模式 planting pattern	氮水平 N level (kg·hm^-2)
叶片指标 Leaf indexes	种植模式 planting pattern	0 (N0)	125 (N1)	250 (N2)	375 (N3)
叶面积 Leaf area (cm²·leaf^-1)	M	308 ± 14^Aa	466 ± 26^Ab	493 ± 19^Ab	553 ± 28^Ac
	I-M	283 ± 17^Aa	478 ± 19^Ab	524 ± 13^ABb	562 ± 22^Ac
	I-P	394 ± 8^Ba	498 ± 16^Bb	549 ± 23^Bc	576 ± 12^Ac
叶干质量 Leaf dry mass (g·leaf^-1)	M	1.71 ± 0.09^Aa	2.55 ± 0.08^Ab	2.68 ± 0.10^Ab	2.86 ± 0.22^Ab
	I-M	1.19 ± 0.07^Ba	2.66 ± 0.19^Ab	2.68 ± 0.14^Ab	3.02 ± 0.19^Ac
	I-P	1.44 ± 0.11^ABa	2.90 ± 0.16^Bb	3.30 ± 0.28^Bb	3.62 ± 0.10^Bc
比叶质量 LMA (g·m^-2 )	M	55.72 ± 3.97^Aa	54.90 ± 4.22^Aa	54.41 ± 1.87^Aa	51.82 ± 4.94^Aa
	I-M	42.42 ± 5.11^Ba	58.33 ± 2.16^Abc	63.00 ± 3.86^Bb	53.78 ± 4.60^Ac
	I-P	36.65 ± 2.07^Ba	55.59 ± 4.78^Abc	62.75 ± 2.21^Bc	48.82 ± 3.76^Bb
单位质量含氮量 N_mass(g·kg^-1)	M	14.55 ± 1.30^Aa	21.62 ± 1.04^Ab	31.02 ± 0.89^Ac	34.04 ± 1.15^Ac
	I-M	15.99 ± 0.71^Aa	23.78 ± 1.03^Ab	31.17 ± 0.76^Ac	34.08 ± 0.80^Ac
	I-P	18.68 ± 0.86^Ba	24.86 ± 0.66^Ab	32.97 ± 1.23^Ac	37.12 ± 0.49^Ac
单位面积含氮量 N_area(mg·cm^-2)	M	0.42 ± 0.05^Aa	0.62 ± 0.01^Ab	0.84 ± 0.06^Abc	0.89 ± 0.06^Ac
	I-M	0.34 ± 0.03^Aa	0.69 ± 0.08^Ab	0.82 ± 0.06^Ac	0.92 ± 0.06^Ac
	I-P	0.36 ± 0.03^Aa	0.72 ± 0.05^Ab	0.91 ± 0.01^Ac	0.93 ± 0.02^Ac
光合氮利用效率 PNUE (CO₂ μmol·g^-1·s^-1)	M	49.85 ± 5.24^Aa	32.57 ± 0.48^Ab	32.73 ± 2.37^Ab	32.01 ± 2.39^Ab
	I-M	64.71 ± 6.25^Ba	31.53 ± 2.03^Ab	28.65 ± 0.23^Ab	26.32 ± 5.41^Ab
	I-P	75.58 ± 5.38^Ca	47.14 ± 5.39^Bb	39.29 ± 5.40^Bc	30.28 ± 2.06^Ad

表3 不同氮水平对间作玉米净光合速率(Pn)、单位面积叶片含氮量(Narea)及光合氮利用效率(PNUE)的影响

Table 3 Effects of intercropping pattern on net photosynthetic rate (Pn), nitrogen content per unit area (Narea) and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE) of maize leaves grown under different nitrogen levels

氮水平 N rate (kg·hm^-2)	P_n (%)			N_area (%)			PNUE (%)
氮水平 N rate (kg·hm^-2)	M	I-M	I-P	M	I-M	I-P	M	I-M	I-P
0 (N0)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
125 (N1)	-1.8	4.8	16.2	50.2	116.5	86.8	-34.7	-51.3	-37.6
250 (N2)	28.8	18.8	32.5	98.6	172.1	158.6	-34.3	-55.7	-48.0
375 (N3)	27.6	28.9	-3.0	101.9	174.9	173.5	-35.8	-59.3	-59.9

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间作对氮调控玉米光合速率和光合氮利用效率的影响

Effects of intercropping on photosynthetic rate and net photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency of maize under nitrogen addition

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