兴安落叶松叶水力与光合性状的变异性和相关性

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2017.0049

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

树木叶水力和光合性状的变异性及权衡策略对评估和预测气候变化对树木的存活、生长及分布至关重要。在帽儿山森林生态站27年生兴安落叶松(Larix gmelinii)人工林从山谷至山脊设立一条由5个样地组成的全坡位样带, 测量兴安落叶松黎明前叶水势(Ψ_pre)、基于叶面积和叶质量的水力导度(K_area和K_mass)、抗栓塞能力(P₅₀)、比叶质量(LMA)、净光合速率(A)、叶氮含量(N)等叶水力和光合相关参数, 探索其叶性状随立地条件的变异性和相关性。结果表明: 不同样地的Ψ_pre、K_area、K_mass、P₅₀、A、LMA和N均存在显著差异(p < 0.05), 表明叶性状随立地条件变化而表现出显著的种内变异性。Ψ_pre和K_area或K_mass均与P₅₀显著相关(p < 0.05), 表明兴安落叶松种内存在一定的水力效率与安全权衡关系。A、LMA和N均存在成对相关关系(p < 0.05)。然而,水力性状与光合性状之间相关不显著。兴安落叶松响应于立地条件变化而表现出的叶水力和光合性状的可塑性和多重相关性, 是该树种的一种生存生长策略。

关键词: 叶性状, 比叶质量, 光合速率, 水力导度, 种内变异, 立地效应

Abstract:

Aims Variations and potential trade-offs of leaf hydraulic and photosynthetic traits are essential for assessing and predicting the effect of climate change on tree survival, growth and distribution. Our aims were to examine variations and interrelationships of leaf hydraulic and photosynthetic traits in response to changes in site conditions for Dahurian larch (Larix gmelinii)—a dominant tree species in Chinese boreal forests.
Methods This study was conducted at the Maoershan Forest Ecosystem Research Station. A transect of 27 year-old Dahurian larch plantation was established that consisted of five plots extending from the valley to the ridge of a slope. The predawn leaf water potential (Ψ_pre), area- and mass-based leaf hydraulic conductance (K_area and K_mass, respectively), resistance to embolism capacity (P₅₀), leaf mass per area (LMA), net photosynthetic rate (A), and leaf nitrogen content (N) were measured in August 2016.
Important findings The Ψ_pre, K_area, K_mass, P₅₀, A, LMA, and N all varied significantly among the plots (p < 0.05), indicating significant intra-specific variations in these traits in response to the changes in site conditions. The P₅₀ was significantly (p < 0.05) correlated with Ψ_pre, K_area or K_mass, suggesting that a trade-off between hydraulic efficiency and safety exist within the species to some degree. There were significant (p < 0.05) pairwise correlations between A, LMA, and N. Nevertheless, there was no significant (p < 0.05) correlation between the measured photosynthetic traits and hydraulic traits. We concluded that the intra-specific variations and multiple interrelationships of the leaf hydraulic and photosynthetic traits for the larch reflect the plasticity of its leaf traits and strategies of its survival and growth as a result of its acclimation to diverse site conditions.

Key words: leaf traits, leaf mass per area, photosynthetic rate, hydraulic conductance, intra-specific variation, site effect

李志民, 王传宽, 罗丹丹. 兴安落叶松叶水力与光合性状的变异性和相关性. 植物生态学报, 2017, 41(11): 1140-1148. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2017.0049

Zhi-Min LI, Chuan-Kuan WANG, Dan-Dan LUO. Variations and interrelationships of foliar hydraulic and photosynthetic traits for Larix gmelinii. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2017, 41(11): 1140-1148. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2017.0049

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2017.0049

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2017/V41/I11/1140

图/表 7

表1 样地和样树的基本特征(平均值±标准偏差, n = 15)

Table 1 Basic characteristics of the sample plots and trees (mean ± SD, n = 15)

样地号 Plot code	离山谷的距离 Distance from valley (m)	样地 Plot			样树 Sample tree
样地号 Plot code	离山谷的距离 Distance from valley (m)	胸高断面积 Basal area (m²·hm^-2)	密度 Density (trees·hm^-2)	平均胸径 Mean DBH (cm)	平均胸径 Mean DBH (cm)	平均树高 Mean tree height (m)
P1	20-40	28.2 ± 5.0^ab	1β778 ± 192^ab	12.9 ± 3.5^a	13.9 ± 0.5^b	13.0 ± 0.6^c
P2	140-160	54.5 ± 21.3^a	2β222 ± 855^ab	19.5 ± 7.3^a	17.2 ± 1.4^ab	16.3 ± 1.7^ab
P3	260-280	64.5 ± 20.2^a	2β444 ± 385^a	17.3 ± 3.3^a	17.9 ± 1.7^a	17.3 ± 1.0^a
P4	540-560	28.2 ± 7.2^ab	1β167 ± 167b^c	16.1 ± 0.6^a	17.2 ± 1.3^ab	15.1 ± 1.0^ab
P5	980-1β000	13.2 ± 4.9^b	722 ± 192^c	15.5 ± 2.8^a	14.9 ± 1.0^ab	14.3 ± 0.8^b

图1 样地位置示意图。样地代码(P1-P5)同表1。

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of the plot location. Refer to Table 1 for the plot codes (P1-P5).

图2 不同样地兴安落叶松水力和光合性状的比较(平均值±标准偏差)。Karea, 基于叶面积的水力导度; P50, 导水率丢失50%所对应的叶水势; Ψpre, 黎明前叶水势; A, 净光合速率; LMA, 比叶质量; N, 叶氮含量; P1-P5, 样地代码见表1。不同小写字母表示样地间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Comparisons of leaf hydraulic and photosynthesis traits among the plots of Larix gmelinii (mean ± SD). Karea, area-based leaf hydraulic conductance; Ψpre, predawn leaf water potential; A, net photosynthesis rate; P50, leaf water potential inducing 50% loss of the leaf hydraulic conductance; LMA, leaf mass per area; N, leaf nitrogen content; P1-P5, refer to Table 1 for Plot codes. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among the plots (p < 0.05).

图3 兴安落叶松水力性状之间的关系。Karea, 基于叶面积的水力导度; P50, 导水率丢失50%所对应的叶水势; Ψpre, 黎明前叶水势; H, 树高. 空心方形、圆形和三角形分别表示P1、P2和P3样地, 实心方形和圆形分别表示P4和P5样地。所有的样本数均为60。

Fig. 3 Relationships between leaf hydraulic traits for Larix gmelinii. Karea, area-based leaf hydraulic conductance; P50, leaf water potential inducing 50% loss of the leaf hydraulic conductance; Ψpre, predawn leaf water potential; H, tree height. Hollow square circle, and triangle represent P1 plot, P2 plot, and P3 plot, respectively; solid square and triangle represent P4 plot and P5 plot, respectively. All sample sizes are 60.

图4 兴安落叶松光合性状间的关系。A, 净光合速率; N, 叶氮含量; LMA, 比叶质量; 空心方形、圆形和三角形分别表示P1、P2和P3样地, 实心方形和圆形分别表示P4和P5样地。所有的样本数均为60。

Fig. 4 Relationships between leaf photosynthetic traits for Larix gmelinii. A, net photosynthesis rate; N, leaf nitrogen content; LMA, leaf mass per area. Hollow square circle, and triangle represent P1 plot, P2 plot, and P3 plot, respectively; solid square and triangle represent P4 plot and P5 plot, respectively. All sample sizes are 60.

图5 兴安落叶松光合和水力性状的关系。A, 净光合速率; Karea, 基于叶面积的水力导度; ek, 水力导度与树高的残差。空心方形、圆形和三角形分别表示P1、P2和P3样地, 实心方形和圆形分别表示P4和P5样地。所有的样本数为60。

Fig. 5 Relationships between leaf photosynthetic and hydraulic traits for Larix gmelinii. A, net photosynthesis rate; Karea, area-based leaf hydraulic conductance; ek, residuals between Karea and height. Hollow square circle, and triangle represent P1 plot, P2 plot, and P3 plot, respectively; solid square and triangle represent P4 plot and P5 plot, respectively. All sample sizes are 60.

图6 兴安落叶松水力和光合性状的主成分分析。Karea, 基于叶面积的水力导度; P50, 导水率丢失50%所对应的叶水势; A, 净光合速率; LMA, 比叶质量; N, 叶氮含量。灰色圆形, 光合性状; 黑色圆形, 水力性状。

Fig. 6 Principal component analysis of the hydraulic and photosynthetic traits for Larix gmelinii. Karea, area-based leaf hydraulic conductance; P50, leaf water potential inducing 50% loss of the leaf hydraulic conductance; A, net photosynthesis rate; LMA, leaf mass per area; N, leaf nitrogen content. Solid and hollow symbols represent hydraulic and photosynthetic traits, respectively.

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