漓江流域不同弃耕年限下4种常见草本植物功能性状种内变化及其影响因素

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2022.0188

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究不同弃耕年限下植物功能性状的种内变化及其影响因素, 加深对弃耕地植被恢复演替过程的认识, 该研究聚焦于漓江流域桂林市临桂区几个村庄的农田边界、弃耕草地、灌草丛和林地4种一定程度上反映弃耕地植被恢复程度的生境, 以分布较广的草本植物, 即白茅(Imperata cylindrica)、双穗雀稗(Paspalum distichum)、鬼针草(Bidens pilosa)和喜旱莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides)为研究对象, 研究不同弃耕年限下其比叶质量、叶干物质含量、叶片氮含量、叶片磷含量和植株高度5个功能性状的种内变化, 并阐明土壤氮含量、磷含量、pH和木本植物盖度对其的影响。主要发现如下: 随弃耕年限增加, 样地土壤氮、磷含量显著下降, 土壤氮磷比先增加后下降, 木本植物盖度显著增加。白茅叶片氮含量随弃耕年限增加而增加, 叶片磷含量随弃耕年限增加而下降, 这是由于叶片氮含量与土壤磷含量呈负相关关系, 叶片磷含量与土壤磷含量呈正相关关系。双穗雀稗比叶质量和叶干物质含量随弃耕年限增加而增加, 植株高度随弃耕年限增加而降低。鬼针草植株高度随弃耕年限增加而降低, 这是由于其植株高度随木本植物盖度增加而显著下降。喜旱莲子草比叶质量随弃耕年限增加而下降, 这是由于喜旱莲子草比叶质量与土壤氮磷比呈正相关关系。总之, 植物功能性状的种内变化是由土壤理化性质和木本植物盖度随弃耕年限变化造成的。

关键词: 叶功能性状, 植株高度, 种内变异, 弃耕撂荒, 适应策略, 外来入侵种

Abstract:

Aims Exploring intraspecific variations of plant functional traits with abandoned years and the relevant driving factors will deepen our understanding about the vegetation recovery of abandoned lands and thus guide our agricultural management.

Methods Using the method of substitution of space for time, we set up 42 plots in four types of habitat, i.e., field margin, abandoned grassland, shrub-grassland and forest which represents community succession along a chronosequence of vegetation restoration in Sitang town, Lingui District of Guilin in the middle reaches of Lijiang River watershed. We investigated change of intraspecific variation of five functional traits (i.e., leaf mass per area, leaf dry matter content, leaf nitrogen (N) content, leaf phosphorus (P) content and plant height) for four common herbaceous species (Imperata cylindrica, Paspalum distichum, Bidens pilosa and Alternanthera philoxeroides) with abandoned years. We also investigated the effects of soil properties and woody plant coverage on the intraspecific variation of functional traits.

Important findings With the increase of abandoned years, soil N and P content decreased significantly, soil N:P increased first and then decreased, and the woody plant coverage increased significantly. Leaf N content of I. cylindrica increased significantly, while leaf P content decreased significantly with the increase of abandoned years. This is because leaf N content decreased significantly and leaf P content increased significantly with the increase of soil P content. Leaf mass per area and leaf dry matter content of P. distichum increased significantly and plant height decreased significantly with the increase of abandoned years. Plant height of B. pilosa decreased significantly with the increase of abandoned years, because plant height of B. pilosa decreased significantly with the increase of woody plant coverage. Leaf mass per area of A. philoxeroides decreased significantly with the increase of abandoned years, because leaf mass per area of A. philoxeroides increased significantly with the increase of soil N:P. In sum, the intraspecific changes of plant functional traits are caused by the changes of soil physical and chemical properties and woody plant coverage with abandoned years.

Key words: leaf functional trait, plant height, intraspecific variation, abandoned land, adaptive strategy, invasive alien species

陈雪纯, 刘虹, 朱少琦, 孙铭遥, 宇振荣, 王庆刚. 漓江流域不同弃耕年限下4种常见草本植物功能性状种内变化及其影响因素. 植物生态学报, 2023, 47(4): 559-570. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0188

CHEN Xue-Chun, LIU Hong, ZHU Shao-Qi, SUN Ming-Yao, YU Zhen-Rong, WANG Qing-Gang. Intraspecific variations in plant functional traits of four common herbaceous species under different abandoned years and their relevant driving factors in Lijiang River Basin, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2023, 47(4): 559-570. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0188

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2022.0188

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2023/V47/I4/559

图/表 7

表1 桂林市农业景观自然、半自然生境中4种常见草本植物基本信息

Table 1 Basic information of four common herbaceous species in natural and semi-natural habitats of agricultural landscape in Guilin

种 Species	科 Family	生活型 Life form	果实类型 Fruit type	样地数量 No. of plots	物候期 Phenological phase
白茅 Imperata cylindrica	禾本科 Poaceae	多年生 Perennial	颖果 Caryopsis	16	花果期 Flowering and fruiting phase
双穗雀稗 Paspalum distichum	禾本科 Poaceae	多年生 Perennial	颖果 Caryopsis	11	花果期 Flowering and fruiting phase
鬼针草 Bidens pilosa	菊科 Asteraceae	一年生 Annual	瘦果 Achenium	13	花期 Flowering phase
喜旱莲子草 Alternanthera philoxeroides	苋科 Amaranthaceae	多年生 Perennial	胞果 Utricle	15	花果期 Flowering and fruiting phase

图1 桂林市农业景观中4种自然、半自然生境(农田边界、弃耕草地、灌草丛和林地)样方位置示意图。

Fig. 1 Locations of plots for four natural and semi-natural habitats (field margin, abandoned grassland, shrub-grassland and forest) in agricultural landscape of Guilin.

表2 桂林市农业景观自然、半自然生境中4种常见草本植物功能性状的平均值、标准差和变异系数

Table 2 Average value, standard deviation and coefficient of variation for functional traits of four common herbaceous species in natural and semi-natural habitats of agricultural landscape in Guilin

	白茅Imperata cylindrica		双穗雀稗Paspalum distichum		鬼针草Bidens pilosa		喜旱莲子Alternanthera philoxeroides
	平均值±标准差 Mean ± SD	变异系数 CV	平均值±标准差 Mean ± SD	变异系数 CV	平均值±标准差 Mean ± SD	变异系数 CV	平均值±标准差 Mean ± SD	变异系数 CV
比叶质量 LMA (g·m^-2)	78.716 ± 14.373^a	0.183	49.190 ± 19.453^b	0.395	38.768 ± 14.882^b	0.384	37.871 ± 10.858^b	0.287
叶干物质含量 LDMC	0.460 ± 0.063^a	0.137	0.288 ± 0.063^b	0.218	0.270 ± 0.108^b	0.400	0.175 ± 0.052^c	0.296
叶片氮含量 LNC (mg·g^-1)	10.957 ± 1.658^c	0.151	21.987 ± 9.355^b	0.425	27.948 ± 7.738^b	0.277	37.437 ± 8.546^a	0.229
叶片磷含量 LPC (mg·g^-1)	1.282 ± 0.664^b	0.519	2.452 ± 0.962^a	0.393	2.848 ± 1.224^a	0.428	3.185 ± 0.822^a	0.258
植株高度 plant height (m)	0.521 ± 0.205^a	0.393	0.225 ± 0.157^b	0.698	0.487 ± 0.161^a	0.331	0.214 ± 0.088^b	0.413

图2 桂林市农业景观自然、半自然生境中土壤氮含量、磷含量、pH和木本植物盖度随弃耕年限的变化以及土壤磷含量随木本植物盖度的变化。木本植物盖度为乔木层盖度和灌木层盖度之和。

Fig. 2 Changes of soil nitrogen and phosphorus contents, soil pH and woody plant coverage with abandoned years and the change of soil phosphorus content with woody plant coverage in natural and semi-natural habitats of agricultural landscape in Guilin. SNC, soil nitrogen (N) content; SPC, soil phosphorus (P) content; WPC, woody plant coverage. The woody plant coverage is calculated as the sum of coverages of tree layer and shrub layer.

图3 桂林市农业景观自然、半自然生境中4种常见草本植物功能性状随弃耕年限的变化。农田边界不参与分析。

Fig. 3 Changes of functional traits with abandoned years of four common herbaceous species in natural and semi-natural habitats of agricultural landscape in Guilin. Field margin was not included in the analysis. LDMC, leaf dry matter content; LMA, leaf mass per area; LNC, leaf nitrogen content; LPC, leaf phosphorus content.

图4 桂林市农业景观自然、半自然生境中4种常见草本植物功能性状与土壤氮含量(SNC)、磷含量(SPC)、氮磷比(N:P)、pH和木本植物盖度(WPC)回归关系的决定系数。红色和蓝色分别表示回归系数为正和负。*, p < 0.1; **, p < 0.01。木本植物盖度为乔木层盖度和灌木层盖度之和。

Fig. 4 Coefficient of determination of regression relationship of functional traits of four common herbaceous species with soil nitrogen (SNC) and phosphorus (SPC) contents, soil nitrogen to phosphorus ration (N:P), soil pH and woody plant coverage (WPC) in natural and semi-natural habitats of agricultural landscape in Guilin. LDMC, leaf dry matter content; LMA, leaf mass per area; LNC, leaf nitrogen content; LPC, leaf phosphorus content. Red and blue cirles represent positive and negative regression coefficient, respectively. *, p < 0.1; **, p < 0.01. The woody plant coverage is calculated as the sum of coverages of tree layer and shrub layer.

图5 桂林市农业景观自然、半自然生境中4种常见草本植物功能性状随土壤氮含量、磷含量、氮磷比的变化。

Fig. 5 Changes of functional traits for the four common herbaceous species with soil nitrogen (SNC), phosphorus contents (SPC) and soil nitrogen to phosphorus ratio (N:P) in natural and semi-natural habitats of agricultural landscape in Guilin. LDMC, leaf dry matter content; LMA, leaf mass per area; LNC, leaf nitrogen content; LPC, leaf phosphorus content.

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