梭梭和骆驼刺对干旱的适应策略差异

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2021.0338

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

该研究目的在于揭示干旱荒漠中2个优势种梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)和骆驼刺(Alhagi sparsifolia)是否在适应干旱的策略上存在差异。在新疆艾比湖自然保护区内自然形成的干旱胁迫梯度上, 首先测量梭梭和骆驼刺的3类功能性状(叶、光合和水力性状); 其后分析性状随干旱梯度的变化, 性状在两个物种之间的差别, 两物种应对干旱胁迫时所采用策略的差异性。结果显示: 梭梭和骆驼刺的功能性状在干旱梯度上的变化存在不同。除干物质含量外, 其余10个功能性状在梭梭和骆驼刺间均存在显著差异, 但在干旱梯度与物种的共同作用下, 梭梭与骆驼刺之间性状差异呈现缩小趋势。Pearson相关分析表明, 骆驼刺显著相关的性状仅有10对, 而梭梭有15对。主成分分析可将梭梭11个功能性状分为与植物抗旱能力有关的2个典型性状组合类别, 即干旱胁迫-碳获取组和抗干旱胁迫组。但对骆驼刺, 很难划分出与抗旱有关的性状组合。该研究结果表明, 相较梭梭, 骆驼刺具有更强的耐旱能力, 属于保守型物种, 性状之间联系不显著, 但梭梭的性状之间联系紧密, 它利用各种性状之间的权衡和补偿关系尽可能地减小干旱胁迫。该研究揭示了干旱荒漠中不同生活型植物面对干旱胁迫时的性状间关系和环境适应策略, 丰富了水分生理学和植物生态学的相关理论, 可对荒漠植物的保育和多样性的维持提供一定理论参考。

关键词: 叶功能性状, 光合参数, 水力学性状, 干旱胁迫, 性状组合

Abstract:

Aims The plant mortality induced by drought has significant impact on forest ecosystems around the world. It thus has brought intensive research attention on the plant adaptive strategy to drought in the field of physiological ecology. This study aims to investigate the differences in adaptation strategies to drought between two dominant species in arid desert areas, i.e., Haloxylon ammodendron and Alhagi sparsifolia.

Methods Three types of functional traits (i.e., leaf, photosynthetic and hydraulic traits) of A. sparsifolia and H. ammodendron were measured in response to a natural drought gradient (mild, moderate and severe) in Ebinur Lake Nature Reserve in Xinjiang, China. The changes of functional traits with drought gradient, and the differences of functional traits and adaptation strategies to drought between the two species were analyzed.

Important findings The functional traits of A. sparsifolia and H. ammodendron changed differently across drought gradient. All the functional traits were significantly different between the two species except for leaf dry matter content. However, the differences in functional traits between the two species showed a decrease due to the synergetic influence of drought stress and species convergence. Pearson correlation among the traits for the two species indicated that only 10 pairs of functional traits are significantly correlated for A. sparsifolia, while 15 pairs were significantly correlated for H. ammodendron. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that two typical trait combinations related to drought resistance can be obtained from 11 functional traits of H. ammodendron, namely drought resistance-carbon acquisition group and drought resistance group. However, the trait combinations in coping with drought were not identified for A. sparsifolia. The results suggested that A. sparsifolia,was a conservative species, having greater drought tolerance than H. ammodendron. The traits in A. sparsifolia was less associated than that in H. ammodendron. In contrast, H. ammodendron used the trade-offs and compensatory relationships among functional traits to reduce drought stress. This study provided insights into the relationship between functional traits and drought adaptation strategies of different plant life forms, which advanced the fundamental theories of plant physiological ecology, and provided implications and references for the protection and diversity maintenance of desert ecosystem.

Key words: leaf functional trait, photosynthetic parameter, hydraulic trait, drought stress, trait combination

周洁, 杨晓东, 王雅芸, 隆彦昕, 王妍, 李浡睿, 孙启兴, 孙楠. 梭梭和骆驼刺对干旱的适应策略差异. 植物生态学报, 2022, 46(9): 1064-1076. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0338

ZHOU Jie, YANG Xiao-Dong, WANG Ya-Yun, LONG Yan-Xin, WANG Yan, LI Bo-Rui, SUN Qi-Xing, SUN Nan. Difference in adaptation strategy between Haloxylon ammodendron and Alhagi sparsifolia to drought. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2022, 46(9): 1064-1076. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0338

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2021.0338

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2022/V46/I9/1064

图/表 8

图1 艾比湖流域研究区采样示意图。D1、D2和D3表示轻度、中度和重度干旱的样地。

Fig. 1 Sample sites in study region of Ebinur Lake Basin. D1, D2, and D3 represent sampling plots with mild, moderate, and severe drought.

表1 艾比湖流域干旱梯度划分(平均值±标准差)

Table 1 Division of drought gradient of Ebinur Lake Basin (mean ± SD)

编号 Number	土壤含水量 Soil water content (%)	干旱程度 Drought level
D1	12.74 ± 1.25	轻度 Mild
D2	9.38 ± 0.80	中度 Moderate
D3	3.63 ± 0.66	重度 Severe

图2 骆驼刺(As)和梭梭(Ha)的叶功能性状随干旱程度的变化以及种间差异(平均值±标准差)。D1、D2和D3表示轻度、中度和重度干旱。大写字母是单因素方差分析的结果, 表示同物种的功能性状随干旱程度的变化, 不同字母表示显著差异(p < 0.05)。小写字母是独立样本t检验的结果, 表示在同一干旱程度下, 功能性状在梭梭和骆驼刺之间的差异, 不同字母表示显著差异(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Variance of leaf traits across the drought levels and between Alhagi sparsifolia (As) and Haloxylon ammodendron (Ha) (mean ± SD). D1, D2 and D3 are mild, moderate and severe drought, respectively. Uppercase letters are the result of one-way AVOVA, different letters show significant difference under different drought levels of same species (p < 0.05). Lowercase letters are the result of independent sample t test, different letters show significant difference between species under same drought level (p < 0.05).

图3 骆驼刺(As)和梭梭(Ha)的光合性状随同干旱程度的变化以及种间差异(平均值±标准差)。D1、D2和D3表示轻度、中度和重度干旱。大写字母是单因素方差分析的结果, 表示同物种的功能性状随干旱程度的变化, 不同字母表示显著差异(p < 0.05)。小写字母是独立样本t检验的结果, 表示在同一干旱程度下, 功能性状在梭梭和骆驼刺之间的差异, 不同字母表示显著差异(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Variance of photosynthetic traits across the drought levels and between Alhagi sparsifolia (As) and Haloxylon ammodendron (Ha)(mean ± SD). D1, D2 and D3 are mild, moderate and severe drought, respectively. Uppercase letters are the result of one-way AVOVA, different letters show significant difference under different drought levels of same species (p < 0.05). Lowercase letters are the result of independent sample t test, different letters show significant difference between species under same drought level (p < 0.05).

图4 骆驼刺(As)和梭梭(Ha)的水力性状随同干旱程度的变化以及种间差异(平均值±标准差)。D1、D2和D3表示轻度、中度和重度干旱。大写字母是单因素方差分析的结果, 表示同物种的功能性状随干旱程度的变化, 不同字母表示显著差异(p < 0.05)。小写字母是独立样本t检验的结果, 表示在同一干旱程度下, 功能性状在梭梭和骆驼刺之间的差异, 不同字母表示显著差异(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 4 Variance of hydraulic traits across the drought levels and between Alhagi sparsifolia (As) and Haloxylon ammodendron (Ha)(mean ± SD). D1, D2 and D3 are mild, moderate and severe drought, respectively. Uppercase letters are the result of one-way AVOVA, different letters show significant difference under different drought levels of same species (p < 0.05). Lowercase letters are the result of independent sample t test, different letters show significant difference between species under same drought level (p < 0.05).

表2 干旱程度和物种对骆驼刺和梭梭功能性状的协同影响

Table 2 Collaborative influences of drought level and species on functional traits of Alhagi sparsifolia and Haloxylon ammodendron tested using two-way ANOVA

功能性状 Functional trait		干旱程度×物种 Drought level × species
功能性状 Functional trait		F	p
叶性状 Leaf trait	叶厚或嫩枝叶直径 Leaf thickness or shoot diameter	0.43	0.81
	叶面积 Leaf area	0.30	0.75
	比叶面积 Specific leaf area	8.91	<0.01
	干物质含量 Dry matter content	1.22	0.54
光合性状 Photosynthetic trait	净光合速率 Net photosynthetic rate	0.85	0.66
	气孔导度 Stomatal conductance	1.89	0.39
	蒸腾速率 Transpiration rate	0.01	0.99
	水分利用效率 Water use efficiency	14.28	<0.01
水力性状 Hydraulic trait	叶水势 Leaf water potential	6.46	<0.05
	枝水势 Twig water potential	5.23	<0.05
	枝比导率 Twig specific hydraulic conductance	2.11	0.17

图5 骆驼刺(As)和梭梭(Ha)的性状之间的相关性。Cond, 气孔导度; Ks, 枝比导率; LA, 叶面积; LD, 叶直径; LDMC, 叶干物质含量; LP, 叶水势; LT, 叶厚; Pn, 净光合速率; SLA, 比叶面积; TP, 枝水势; Tr, 蒸腾速率; WUE, 水分利用效率。

Fig. 5 Correlation among functional traits of Alhagi sparsifolia (As) and Haloxylon ammodendron (Ha). Cond, stomatal conductance; Ks, twig specific hydraulic conductance; LA, leaf area; LD, leaf diameter; LDMC, leaf dry matter content; LP, leaf water potential; LT, leaf thickness; Pn, net photosynthetic rate; SLA, specific leaf area; TP, twig water potential; Tr, transpiration rate; WUE, water use efficiency.

图6 骆驼刺(A)和梭梭(B)干旱胁迫下11个性状的主成分(PC)分析结果。Cond, 气孔导度; Ks, 枝比导率; LA, 叶面积; LD, 叶直径; LDMC, 叶干物质含量; LP, 叶水势; LT, 叶厚; Pn, 净光合速率; SLA, 比叶面积; TP, 枝水势; Tr, 蒸腾速率; WUE, 水分利用效率。

Fig. 6 Principal component (PC) analysis of 11 functional traits of Alhagi sparsifolia (A) and Haloxylon ammodendron (B) under drought stress. Cond, stomatal conductance; Ks, twig specific hydraulic conductance; LA, leaf area; LD, leaf diameter; LDMC, leaf dry matter content; LP, leaf water potential; LT, leaf thickness; Pn, net photosynthetic rate; SLA, specific leaf area; TP, twig water potential; Tr, transpiration rate; WUE, water use efficiency.

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