凝结水对干旱胁迫下羊草和冰草生理生态特征及叶片形态的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2017.0114

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了探讨凝结水对植物生长的作用, 该文研究了干旱处理下模拟凝结水对羊草(Leymus chinensis)和冰草(Agropyron cristatum)生理性状和叶片表面结构的影响。试验设计了干旱无凝结水、干旱每周发生3次和5次凝结水以及正常浇水不发生凝结水4个处理, 通过超声波加湿器模拟凝结水的发生, 研究凝结水对两种植物叶片相对含水量、水势、净光合速率、水分利用效率、生物量以及叶片表面结构等的影响。结果表明: 凝结水显著增加了干旱胁迫下两种植物的叶片相对含水量和水势(p < 0.05); 凝结水显著提高了冰草的净光合速率、气孔导度与蒸腾速率(p < 0.05); 而羊草的气孔导度和蒸腾速率随凝结水的变化不明显。羊草和冰草的地上生物量和根系生物量随凝结水的发生有增加的趋势, 但是各处理间差异不显著。凝结水降低了羊草和冰草黄叶数与总叶数的比值,这表明凝结水对干旱胁迫下植物叶片表面结构遭到的破损有一定的保护和修复作用。该研究证实羊草和冰草的叶片可以吸收凝结水, 并对其光合作用、水分生理以及生长具有正效应。

关键词: 凝结水, 羊草, 冰草, 叶片表面结构, 干旱胁迫

Abstract:

Aims To investigate the effects of dew on plants, we conducted the experiment to determine the physiological characteristics and leaf structures of Leymus chinensis and Agropyron cristatum in response to increasing dew under drought stress.
Methods Four treatments (no dew, three times dew and five times dew per week under drought stress, and well-watering) were designed to examine leaf relative water content, water potential, net photosynthetic rate, water use efficiency, biomass, and leaf structures of L. chinensis and A. cristatum.
Important findings There was a significant increase in the relative water content and water potential by simulated dew increase for two plants species under drought stress (p < 0.05). For A. cristatum, simulated dew increase significantly enhanced the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate of plants under drought stress (p < 0.05). On the other hand, there was no significant difference in the stomatal conductance and transpiration rate for L. chinensis among treatments. Simulated dew increase improved the aboveground biomass and root biomass of two species. The ratio of yellow leaves to the total leaves was decreased by simulated dew increase for two species. Dew increase also protected leaf structures against the drought stress, suggesting that the dew increase can slow down the death process of leaves resulted from drought stress. Therefore, the study demonstrated that dew increased the available water for the leaves of L. chinensis and A. cristatum grown in the drought stress and thus had positive effects on the photosynthesis, water physiology and plant development.

Key words: dew, Leymus chinensis, Agropyron cristatum, leaf structure, drought stress

岑宇, 刘美珍. 凝结水对干旱胁迫下羊草和冰草生理生态特征及叶片形态的影响. 植物生态学报, 2017, 41(11): 1199-1207. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2017.0114

Yu CEN, Mei-Zhen LIU. Effects of dew on eco-physiological traits and leaf structures of Leymus chinensis and Agropyron cristatum grown under drought stress. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2017, 41(11): 1199-1207. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2017.0114

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2017.0114

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2017/V41/I11/1199

图/表 7

图1 试验期间暗室内外的温度和湿度动态。

Fig. 1 Dynamics of temperature and humidity in and outside of the dark chamber during the experiment.

图2 凝结水对羊草和冰草叶片相对含水量(RWC)的影响(平均值±标准误差)。W0, 干旱胁迫无凝结水; W3, 干旱胁迫每周3次凝结水; W5, 干旱胁迫每周5次凝结水; W, 正常浇水无凝结水。

Fig. 2 Effects of dew increase on leave relative water content (RWC) of Leymus chinensis and Agropyron cristatum (mean ± SE). W0, no dew under drought; W3, simulated dew increase three times a week under drought; W5, simulated dew increase five times a week under drought; W, well watering no simulated dew.

图3 凝结水对羊草和冰草叶片水势(Ψleaf)的影响(平均值±标准误差)。W0, 干旱胁迫无凝结水; W3, 干旱胁迫每周3次凝结水; W5, 干旱胁迫每周5次凝结水; W, 正常浇水无凝结水。 2.2 凝结水对植物光合生理的影响

Fig. 3 Effects of dew increase on leaf water potential (Ψleaf) of Leymus chinensis and Agropyron cristatum (mean ± SE). W0, no dew under drought; W3, simulated dew increase three times a week under drought; W5, simulated dew increase five times a week under drought; W, well watering no simulated dew

图4 凝结水对羊草(●)和冰草(○)净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)与水分利用效率(WUE)的影响(平均值±标准误差)。W0, 干旱胁迫无凝结水; W3, 干旱胁迫每周3次凝结水; W5, 干旱胁迫每周5次凝结水; W, 正常浇水无凝结水。

Fig. 4 Effects of dew increase on photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr) and water use efficiency (WUE) of Leymus chinensis (●) and Agropyron cristatum (○) (mean ± SE). W0, no dew under drought; W3, simulated dew increase three times a week under drought; W5, simulated dew increase five times a week under drought; W, well watering no simulated dew.

图5 凝结水对羊草(A)和冰草(B)地上和地下生物量的影响(平均值±标准误差)。W0, 干旱胁迫无凝结水; W3, 干旱胁迫每周3次凝结水; W5, 干旱胁迫每周5次凝结水; W, 正常浇水无凝结水。同种植物不同小写字母表示在p < 0.05水平上各处理间差异显著。

Fig. 5 Effects of dew increase on biomass of Leymus chinensis (A) and Agropyron cristatum (B) (mean ± SE). W0, no dew under drought; W3, simulated dew increase three times a week under drought; W5, simulated dew increase five times a week under drought; W, well watering no simulated dew. Different lowercase letters indicate the difference is significant among the treatments at p < 0.05 level.

图6 凝结水对羊草和冰草黄叶数与总叶数比值的影响(平均值±标准误差)。W0, 干旱胁迫无凝结水; W3, 干旱胁迫每周3次凝结水; W5, 干旱胁迫每周5次凝结水; W, 正常浇水无凝结水。同种植物不同小写字母表示在p < 0.05水平上各处理间差异显著。

Fig. 6 Effects of dew increase on the ratio of yellow leaves to total leaves of Leymus chinensis and Agropyron cristatum (mean ± SE). W0, no dew under drought; W3, simulated dew increase three times a week under drought; W5, simulated dew increase five times a week under drought; W, well watering no simulated dew. Diffferent lower case letters indicate the difference is significant among the treatments at p < 0.05 level.

图7 凝结水对羊草和冰草叶片表面结构的影响。A、B、C分别是羊草W、W0以及W3处理的叶片表面结构电镜扫描图; D、E、F分别是冰草W、W0以及W3处理的叶片表面结构电镜扫描图。W0, 干旱胁迫无凝结水; W3, 干旱胁迫每周3次凝结水; W, 正常浇水无凝结水。

Fig. 7 Effects of dew increase on leaf structures of Leymus chinensis and Agropyron cristatum. A, B and C were TEM micrographs of the leaf structures for Leymus chinensis at treatments of W, W0 and W3, respectively. D, E and F were TEM micrographs of the leaf structures for Agropyron cristatum at treatments of W, W0 and W3, respectively. W0, no dew under drought; W3, simulated dew increase three times a week under drought; W, well watering no simulated dew.

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