植物生态学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 196-208.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0128
翟占伟1, 龚吉蕊1,*(), 罗亲普1, 潘琰1, 宝音陶格涛2, 徐沙1, 刘敏1, 杨丽丽1
收稿日期:
2016-04-07
接受日期:
2016-12-25
出版日期:
2017-02-10
发布日期:
2017-03-16
通讯作者:
龚吉蕊
作者简介:
* 通信作者Author for correspondence (E-mail:基金资助:
Zhan-Wei ZHAI1, Ji-Rui GONG1,*(), Qin-Pu LUO1, Yan PAN1, Taogetao BAOYIN2, Sha XU1, Min LIU1, Li-Li YANG1
Received:
2016-04-07
Accepted:
2016-12-25
Online:
2017-02-10
Published:
2017-03-16
Contact:
Ji-Rui GONG
About author:
KANG Jing-yao(1991-), E-mail: 摘要:
受人类活动和气候变化的影响, 大气氮(N)沉降日益加剧, 使得草地生态系统正从自然N限制转向富营养化甚至饱和, 进而影响了草地的生长。然而, 关于优势种植物在N添加下的光合生理潜在机制的研究仍然不足。该研究以内蒙古温带典型草原优势种植物为研究对象, 通过不同水平的N养分添加实验, 探讨优势种羊草(Leymus chinensis)对N添加的光合生理响应机制。结果表明: 地上生物量随着N添加先增加后降低, 以10 g N·m-2·a?1处理增加最多。尽管25 g N·m-2·a?1处理出现下降趋势, 但与对照相比仍然显著增加了地上生物量。低N时, 植物通过把较少的N分配给羧化系统, 并降低比叶质量(LMA)使叶片获得更多的光能来适应低N生境。适量的N添加通过增加总叶绿素(Chl)的含量, 降低Chl a/b的比值来捕获更多光能; 同时增加LMA、羧化效率、最大羧化速率(Vcmax)、最大电子传递速率(Jmax), 并降低Jmax/Vcmax, 把更多的N分配给羧化系统, 提高羧化能力; 通过增加实际光化学效率、电子传递效率和光化学猝灭系数, 提高了光系统II (PSII)的光化学活性。过量的N添加对羊草的生理指标有一定抑制作用, 羧化能力降低, 导致净光合速率有所降低, 在一定程度上抑制PSII的光化学活性, 而非光化学猝灭系数以及类胡萝卜素增加起到了耗散过剩激发能的作用。N添加对羊草光合特性的影响总体表现为“适量促进, 过量抑制”。该地区羊草最适的N添加范围是5-10 g N·m-2·a?1。
翟占伟, 龚吉蕊, 罗亲普, 潘琰, 宝音陶格涛, 徐沙, 刘敏, 杨丽丽. 氮添加对内蒙古温带草原羊草光合特性的影响. 植物生态学报, 2017, 41(2): 196-208. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0128
Zhan-Wei ZHAI, Ji-Rui GONG, Qin-Pu LUO, Yan PAN, Taogetao BAOYIN, Sha XU, Min LIU, Li-Li YANG. Effects of nitrogen addition on photosynthetic characteristics of Leymus chinensis in the temperate grassland of Nei Mongol, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2017, 41(2): 196-208. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0128
全氮 TN (g·kg-1) | 全磷 TP (g·kg-1) | 全碳 TC (g·kg-1) | 全钾 TK (g·kg-1) | 全硫 TS (g·kg-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1.43 ± 0.03 | 0.36 ± 0.01 | 21.65 ± 0.53 | 22.71 ± 0.39 | 0.24 ± 0.01 |
表1 样地的土壤特性(平均值±标准误差, n = 6)
Table 1 Soil properties of plots (mean ± SE, n = 6)
全氮 TN (g·kg-1) | 全磷 TP (g·kg-1) | 全碳 TC (g·kg-1) | 全钾 TK (g·kg-1) | 全硫 TS (g·kg-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1.43 ± 0.03 | 0.36 ± 0.01 | 21.65 ± 0.53 | 22.71 ± 0.39 | 0.24 ± 0.01 |
氮处理 N treatment | CK | N1 | N2 | N3 | N4 | N5 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
W (%) | 12.73 ± 0.41a | 12.83 ± 0.27a | 10.92 ± 1.67bc | 10.01 ± 0.53b | 9.61 ± 0.92bc | 9.11 ± 0.34c |
表2 不同施氮水平下样地的土壤含水量(W) (平均值±标准误差, n = 6)
Table 2 Soil water content (W) of plots under different nitrogen (N) addition levels (mean ± SE, n = 6)
氮处理 N treatment | CK | N1 | N2 | N3 | N4 | N5 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
W (%) | 12.73 ± 0.41a | 12.83 ± 0.27a | 10.92 ± 1.67bc | 10.01 ± 0.53b | 9.61 ± 0.92bc | 9.11 ± 0.34c |
图1 不同施氮水平羊草的地上生物量、叶片氮含量和叶片形态特性(平均值±标准误差)。不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。处理同表2。
Fig. 1 The aboveground biomass, leaf nitrogen content, and leaf morphological traits of Leymus chinensis under different nitrogen addition levels (mean ± SE). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments (p < 0.05). Treatment see Table 2.
图2 不同施氮水平羊草主要叶片气体交换参数(平均值±标准误差)。不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。处理同表2。
Fig. 2 The main leaf gas exchange parameters of Leymus chinensis under different nitrogen addition levels (mean ± SE). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments (p < 0.05). Pn, net photosynthetic rate; Gs, stomatal conductance; Ci, intercellular CO2 concentration; Tr, transpiration rate; WUE, water use efficiency. Treatment see Table 2.
图3 不同施氮水平羊草的净光合速率(Pn)和叶片氮含量的关系。A, 净光合速率和叶片氮含量的关系。B, 净光合速率和叶片氮含量(N5处理除外)的关系。
Fig. 3 Relationships between net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and leaf nitrogen (N) content of Leymus chinensis across treatments (A) or across all nitrogen with an exception of the highest N addition (B).
图4 不同施氮水平羊草叶片色素参数(平均值±标准误差)。不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。处理同表2。
Fig. 4 The leaf pigment parameters of Leymus chinensis under different nitrogen addition levels (mean ± SE). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments (p < 0.05). Chl, chlorophyll; Car, carotenoids. Treatment see Table 2.
氮处理 N treatment | 最大光化学量子产量 Fv/Fm | 实际光化学量子产量 ФPSII | 电子传递速率 ETR (μmol·m-2·s-1) | 光化学淬灭系数 qP | 非光化学淬灭系数 NPQ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 0.81 ± 0.002c | 0.23 ± 0.001a | 153.0 ± 0.82a | 0.54 ± 0.002b | 2.63 ± 0.05c |
N1 | 0.80 ± 0.001c | 0.23 ± 0.003a | 156.9 ± 2.02a | 0.55 ± 0.003ab | 3.08 ± 0.05a |
N2 | 0.82 ± 0.002a | 0.23 ± 0.004a | 157.0 ± 2.80a | 0.59 ± 0.010a | 3.11 ± 0.05a |
N3 | 0.82 ± 0.002ab | 0.24 ± 0.009a | 161.9 ± 6.18a | 0.54 ± 0.008b | 2.82 ± 0.05b |
N4 | 0.81 ± 0.004c | 0.19 ± 0.010b | 127.3 ± 6.77b | 0.46 ± 0.016c | 2.74 ± 0.09bc |
N5 | 0.81 ± 0.003abc | 0.17 ± 0.003b | 117.0 ± 1.62b | 0.44 ± 0.004c | 2.79 ± 0.05bc |
表3 不同施氮水平下羊草叶绿素荧光特性(平均值±标准误差)
Table 3 Chlorophyll a fluorescence characteristics of Leymus chinensis under different nitrogen addition levels (mean ± SE)
氮处理 N treatment | 最大光化学量子产量 Fv/Fm | 实际光化学量子产量 ФPSII | 电子传递速率 ETR (μmol·m-2·s-1) | 光化学淬灭系数 qP | 非光化学淬灭系数 NPQ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 0.81 ± 0.002c | 0.23 ± 0.001a | 153.0 ± 0.82a | 0.54 ± 0.002b | 2.63 ± 0.05c |
N1 | 0.80 ± 0.001c | 0.23 ± 0.003a | 156.9 ± 2.02a | 0.55 ± 0.003ab | 3.08 ± 0.05a |
N2 | 0.82 ± 0.002a | 0.23 ± 0.004a | 157.0 ± 2.80a | 0.59 ± 0.010a | 3.11 ± 0.05a |
N3 | 0.82 ± 0.002ab | 0.24 ± 0.009a | 161.9 ± 6.18a | 0.54 ± 0.008b | 2.82 ± 0.05b |
N4 | 0.81 ± 0.004c | 0.19 ± 0.010b | 127.3 ± 6.77b | 0.46 ± 0.016c | 2.74 ± 0.09bc |
N5 | 0.81 ± 0.003abc | 0.17 ± 0.003b | 117.0 ± 1.62b | 0.44 ± 0.004c | 2.79 ± 0.05bc |
氮处理 N treatment | 初始羧化效率 CE (mol·m-2·s-1) | 最大羧化速率 Vcmax (μmol·m-2·s-1) | 最大电子传递速率 Jmax (μmol·m-2·s-1) | Jmax/Vcmax |
---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 0.005 ± 0.000 2f | 16.83 ± 0.49e | 16.48 ± 0.48e | 0.98 ± 0.03b |
N1 | 0.015 ± 0.000 4d | 26.14 ± 0.75d | 26.79 ± 0.77d | 1.02 ± 0.03ab |
N2 | 0.018 ± 0.000 5c | 22.98 ± 0.66d | 24.79 ± 0.72d | 1.08 ± 0.03a |
N3 | 0.045 ± 0.001 3a | 54.79 ± 1.58a | 47.80 ± 1.38a | 0.87 ± 0.03c |
N4 | 0.030 ± 0.000 9b | 40.18 ± 1.16c | 31.69 ± 0.91c | 0.79 ± 0.02d |
N5 | 0.010 ± 0.000 3e | 47.73 ± 1.38b | 36.80 ± 1.06b | 0.77 ± 0.02d |
表4 不同施氮水平下羊草叶片光合能力特性(平均值±标准误差)
Table 4 Photosynthetic capacity characteristics of Leymus chinensis under different nitrogen addition levels (mean ± SE)
氮处理 N treatment | 初始羧化效率 CE (mol·m-2·s-1) | 最大羧化速率 Vcmax (μmol·m-2·s-1) | 最大电子传递速率 Jmax (μmol·m-2·s-1) | Jmax/Vcmax |
---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 0.005 ± 0.000 2f | 16.83 ± 0.49e | 16.48 ± 0.48e | 0.98 ± 0.03b |
N1 | 0.015 ± 0.000 4d | 26.14 ± 0.75d | 26.79 ± 0.77d | 1.02 ± 0.03ab |
N2 | 0.018 ± 0.000 5c | 22.98 ± 0.66d | 24.79 ± 0.72d | 1.08 ± 0.03a |
N3 | 0.045 ± 0.001 3a | 54.79 ± 1.58a | 47.80 ± 1.38a | 0.87 ± 0.03c |
N4 | 0.030 ± 0.000 9b | 40.18 ± 1.16c | 31.69 ± 0.91c | 0.79 ± 0.02d |
N5 | 0.010 ± 0.000 3e | 47.73 ± 1.38b | 36.80 ± 1.06b | 0.77 ± 0.02d |
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