苗期干旱及复水条件下不同花生品种的光合特性

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00068

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探索不同花生(Arachis hypogaea)品种的旱后恢复能力, 研究花生品种耐旱性与光合特性的关系, 通过盆栽土壤水分控制实验, 测定了12个花生品种苗期对干旱胁迫与复水过程的光合响应特征, 并讨论了所测各性状参数与抗旱性强弱的关系, 包括对水分胁迫伤害的修复能力。结果表明, 根据苗期生物量抗旱系数, ‘山花11号’、‘如皋西洋生’、‘A596’、‘山花9号’、‘农大818’的抗旱性较强, 且复水后植株产生超补偿生长效应, 补偿生长能力与抗旱性呈极显著正相关。叶片净光合速率(P_n)、气孔导度(G_s)、胞间CO₂浓度(C_i)、最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)、实际光化学效率(Φ_PSII)、光化学猝灭系数(q_P)随干旱进程逐渐降低, 复水后逐渐增加, 抗旱性强的花生品种变幅较小。干旱7天, 大多数花生品种的光合参数值未有显著性差异。干旱14天, 抗旱性越强的花生品种光合参数值越高, 不同抗旱性花生品种的光合参数值有显著差异。‘山花11号’、‘如皋西洋生’、‘A596’、‘山花9号’的P_n、G_s、Φ_PSII、F_v/F_m、q_P在复水5天时恢复至对照水平, 复水10天时超过对照, ‘79266’、‘ICG6848’、 ‘白沙1016’、‘花17’在复水10天时仍未达到对照水平, 复水过程中抗旱性强的品种的光合参数显著高于抗旱性弱的品种。相关分析表明, 干旱胁迫14天和复水5天后, 花生的P_n、Φ_PSII、F_v/F_m、q_P与品种抗旱性呈极显著正相关。因此, 可在苗期用40%土壤相对含水量胁迫14天及复水5天时花生的P_n、Φ_PSII、F_v/F_m、q_P鉴定品种的干旱伤害程度及修复能力, ‘山花11号’可作为强干旱适应性鉴定的标准品种。

关键词: 干旱胁迫, 花生品种, 光合特性, 恢复能力, 复水

Abstract:

Aims In China, peanut (Arachis hypogaea) is mainly cultivated in the semi-arid and rain-fed areas, and drought is the most prominent environmental stress to its growth. However, studies on the physiological responses of different peanut cultivars to drought and re-watering are lacking. Our objectives were to investigate the relationship between photosynthetic characteristics and drought tolerance, and to explore the ability to recover from drought damage in different peanut cultivars.
Methods A pot experiment was conducted with artificial water stress treatment, and the photosynthetic characteristics were determined in twelve peanut cultivars under the conditions of drought stress and re-watering at the seedling stage. The drought tolerance was assessed by drought resistance coefficient of biomass in seedling. The recovery capacity was assessed by compensatory growth of plant.
Important findings Five cultivars, including ‘Shanhua 11’, ‘Rugaoxiyangsheng’, ‘A596’, ‘Shanhua 9’, and ‘Nongda 818’, showed over-compensatory growth after re-watering, and their capacity of compensatory growth had significant positive correlation with drought tolerance (p < 0.01). The net photosynthetic rate (P_n), stomatal conductance (G_s), intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i), maximum photochemical efficiency (F_v/F_m), PSII actual quantum yield (Φ_PSII), and photochemical quenching coefficient (q_P) all decreased over the course of drought stress, and then increased following re-watering, with the amplitude of changes being smaller in the more drought tolerant cultivars. Seven days of drought did not result in significant differences in the photosynthetic characteristics among majority of the peanut cultivars tested (p > 0.05). After 14 days of drought, the values of photosynthetic variables differed significantly among the peanut cultivars with different drought tolerance (p < 0.05). The values of P_n, G_s, Φ_PSII, F_v/F_m, and q_Pin the cultivars ‘Shanhua 11’, ‘Rugaoxiyangsheng’, ‘A596’, and ‘Shanhua 9’ fully recovered five days after re-watering, while those in the cultivars ‘79266’, ‘ICG6848’, ‘Baisha 1016’, and ‘Hua 17’ did not fully recover even after 10 days of re-watering; the values of those photosynthetic variables were significantly greater (p < 0.05) in the more drought tolerant cultivars following re-watering. Correlation analysis showed that the drought tolerance was significantly and positively correlated with P_n, Φ_PSII, F_v/F_m, and q_P after 14 days of drought stress and after five days of re-watering, respectively (p < 0.01). Therefore, under drought stress at 40% of relative water content (RWC) for 14 days and after five days of re-watering at the seedling stage, the P_n, Φ_PSII, F_v/F_m, and q_P could be used for identifying the level of damage and recovery capacity of peanut cultivars. The cultivar ‘Shanhua 11’ can be used as a reference for drought adaptability identification in peanut.

Key words: drought stress, peanut cultivars, photosynthetic characteristics, recovery capacity, re-watering

厉广辉, 万勇善, 刘风珍, 张昆. 苗期干旱及复水条件下不同花生品种的光合特性. 植物生态学报, 2014, 38(7): 729-739. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00068

LI Guang-Hui, WAN Yong-Shan, LIU Feng-Zhen, ZHANG Kun. Photosynthetic characteristics in different peanut cultivars under conditions of drought and re-watering at seedling stage. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2014, 38(7): 729-739. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00068

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00068

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2014/V38/I7/729

图/表 6

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品种 Cultivar	编号 Number	类型 Type	品种 Cultivar	编号 Number	类型 Type
‘79266’	1	中间型 Intermediate	‘花育20’ ‘Huayu 20’	7	珍珠豆型 Vulgaris
‘A596’	2	龙生型 Hirsuta	‘农大818’ ‘Nongda 818’	8	普通型 Hypogaea
‘ICG6848’	3	多粒型 Fastigiata	‘蓬莱一窝猴’ ‘Penglaiyiwohou’	9	普通型 Hypogaea
‘白沙1016’ ‘Baisha 1016’	4	珍珠豆型 Vulgaris	‘如皋西洋生’ ‘Rugaoxiyangsheng’	10	龙生型 Hirsuta
‘海花1号’ ‘Haihua 1’	5	中间型 Intermediate	‘山花11号’ ‘Shanhua 11’	11	中间型 Intermediate
‘花17’ ‘Hua 17’	6	普通型 Hypogaea	‘山花9号’ ‘Shanhua 9’	12	中间型 Intermediate

品种 Cultivar	编号 Number	类型 Type	品种 Cultivar	编号 Number	类型 Type
‘79266’	1	中间型 Intermediate	‘花育20’ ‘Huayu 20’	7	珍珠豆型 Vulgaris
‘A596’	2	龙生型 Hirsuta	‘农大818’ ‘Nongda 818’	8	普通型 Hypogaea
‘ICG6848’	3	多粒型 Fastigiata	‘蓬莱一窝猴’ ‘Penglaiyiwohou’	9	普通型 Hypogaea
‘白沙1016’ ‘Baisha 1016’	4	珍珠豆型 Vulgaris	‘如皋西洋生’ ‘Rugaoxiyangsheng’	10	龙生型 Hirsuta
‘海花1号’ ‘Haihua 1’	5	中间型 Intermediate	‘山花11号’ ‘Shanhua 11’	11	中间型 Intermediate
‘花17’ ‘Hua 17’	6	普通型 Hypogaea	‘山花9号’ ‘Shanhua 9’	12	中间型 Intermediate

品种编号 Cultivar No.	出苗至始花干物质积累量 Dry matter accumulation from emergence to anthesis (g·plant^-1)			复水1-5天干物质积累量 Dry matter accumulation from 1 to 5 days after re-watering (g·plant^-1)			复水1-10天干物质积累量 Dry matter accumulation from 1 to 10 days after re-watering (g·plant^-1)
品种编号 Cultivar No.	对照 Control	干旱胁迫 Drought stress	抗旱系数 Drought resistance coefficient	对照 Control	干旱胁迫 Drought stress	比值 Ratio	对照 Control	干旱胁迫 Drought stress	比值 Ratio
1	3.59^d	2.25^d	0.63	1.37^d	1.16^c	0.85	2.94^d	2.67^e	0.91
2	4.28^b	3.16^abc	0.74	1.66^abc	1.73^ab	1.04	3.58^abc	3.81^bc	1.06
3	4.13^bc	2.07^d	0.50	1.70^abc	1.38^bc	0.81	3.78^ab	3.45^cd	0.91
4	3.49^d	1.87^d	0.53	1.30^d	1.11^c	0.85	2.87^d	2.82^e	0.98
5	4.23^bc	2.83^bc	0.67	1.50^cd	1.43^bc	0.95	3.15^cd	3.29^d	1.04
6	5.15^a	3.21^ab	0.62	1.67^abc	1.45^bc	0.87	3.44^bc	3.21^d	0.93
7	4.96^a	3.27^a	0.66	1.80^ab	1.65^ab	0.92	3.89^ab	3.80^bc	0.98
8	4.11^bc	2.80^c	0.68	1.47^cd	1.53^abc	1.04	2.97^d	3.30^d	1.11
9	3.63^d	2.01^d	0.55	1.79^ab	1.74^ab	0.97	3.72^ab	3.77^bc	1.01
10	3.83^cd	2.91^abc	0.76	1.84^a	1.99^a	1.08	3.86^ab	4.25^a	1.10
11	4.14^bc	3.29^a	0.79	1.54^bcd	1.64^ab	1.06	3.24^cd	3.54^cd	1.09
12	4.25^bc	2.96^abc	0.70	1.91^a	1.95^a	1.02	3.96^a	4.11^ab	1.04
与抗旱系数的相关性 Correlation with drought resistance coefficient				0.21	0.59^*	0.83^**	0.10	0.47	0.73^**

品种编号 Cultivar No.	出苗至始花干物质积累量 Dry matter accumulation from emergence to anthesis (g·plant^-1)			复水1-5天干物质积累量 Dry matter accumulation from 1 to 5 days after re-watering (g·plant^-1)			复水1-10天干物质积累量 Dry matter accumulation from 1 to 10 days after re-watering (g·plant^-1)
品种编号 Cultivar No.	对照 Control	干旱胁迫 Drought stress	抗旱系数 Drought resistance coefficient	对照 Control	干旱胁迫 Drought stress	比值 Ratio	对照 Control	干旱胁迫 Drought stress	比值 Ratio
1	3.59^d	2.25^d	0.63	1.37^d	1.16^c	0.85	2.94^d	2.67^e	0.91
2	4.28^b	3.16^abc	0.74	1.66^abc	1.73^ab	1.04	3.58^abc	3.81^bc	1.06
3	4.13^bc	2.07^d	0.50	1.70^abc	1.38^bc	0.81	3.78^ab	3.45^cd	0.91
4	3.49^d	1.87^d	0.53	1.30^d	1.11^c	0.85	2.87^d	2.82^e	0.98
5	4.23^bc	2.83^bc	0.67	1.50^cd	1.43^bc	0.95	3.15^cd	3.29^d	1.04
6	5.15^a	3.21^ab	0.62	1.67^abc	1.45^bc	0.87	3.44^bc	3.21^d	0.93
7	4.96^a	3.27^a	0.66	1.80^ab	1.65^ab	0.92	3.89^ab	3.80^bc	0.98
8	4.11^bc	2.80^c	0.68	1.47^cd	1.53^abc	1.04	2.97^d	3.30^d	1.11
9	3.63^d	2.01^d	0.55	1.79^ab	1.74^ab	0.97	3.72^ab	3.77^bc	1.01
10	3.83^cd	2.91^abc	0.76	1.84^a	1.99^a	1.08	3.86^ab	4.25^a	1.10
11	4.14^bc	3.29^a	0.79	1.54^bcd	1.64^ab	1.06	3.24^cd	3.54^cd	1.09
12	4.25^bc	2.96^abc	0.70	1.91^a	1.95^a	1.02	3.96^a	4.11^ab	1.04
与抗旱系数的相关性 Correlation with drought resistance coefficient				0.21	0.59^*	0.83^**	0.10	0.47	0.73^**

干旱天数 Days of drought (d)	品种编号 Cultivar No.	光系统II实际光化学效率 Φ_PSII		光系统II最大光化学效率 F_v/F_m		光化学猝灭系数 q_P		非光化学猝灭系数 NPQ
干旱天数 Days of drought (d)	品种编号 Cultivar No.	对照 Control	干旱 Drought	对照 Control	干旱 Drought	对照 Control	干旱 Drought	对照 Control	干旱 Drought
7	1	0.383^ab	0.348^bcd	0.807^a	0.719^def	0.579^ef	0.429^c	1.615^abc	2.328^bc
	2	0.434^a	0.406^a	0.835^a	0.796^ab	0.683^ab	0.613^a	1.350^bcd	1.467^de
	3	0.407^a	0.326^cde	0.821^a	0.758^bcde	0.628^cd	0.403^c	1.810^ab	1.903^cd
	4	0.339^a	0.291^e	0.817^a	0.702^f	0.579^ef	0.451^c	1.363^bcd	2.501^ab
	5	0.436^a	0.350^abcd	0.830^a	0.773^abc	0.665^abc	0.539^b	1.046^d	1.644^de
	6	0.413^a	0.311^de	0.825^a	0.727^cdef	0.540^f	0.551^b	1.18^cd	2.911^a
	7	0.381^b	0.318^de	0.818^a	0.711^ef	0.589^de	0.433^c	1.306^cd	2.030^bcd
	8	0.384^a	0.356^abcd	0.825^a	0.767^abcd	0.646^abc	0.542^b	1.949^a	1.682^de
	9	0.423^a	0.381^abc	0.839^a	0.757^bcde	0.690^a	0.572^ab	1.845^ab	1.985^bcd
	10	0.424^ab	0.392^ab	0.848^a	0.813^a	0.675^abc	0.619^a	0.996^d	1.183^e
	11	0.432^ab	0.383^ab	0.834^a	0.778^abc	0.666^abc	0.576^ab	0.938^d	1.214^e
	12	0.417^a	0.353^abcd	0.828^a	0.754^bcde	0.637^bc	0.538^b	1.918^a	1.817^cd
14	1	0.410^abc	0.321^de	0.816^a	0.673^d	0.597^c	0.446^d	1.502^a	2.642^ab
	2	0.474^a	0.404^a	0.852^a	0.789^a	0.749^a	0.620^ab	1.264^a	1.691^c
	3	0.439^abc	0.268^fg	0.838^a	0.682^cd	0.646^c	0.407^d	1.657^a	3.022^a
	4	0.392^c	0.244^g	0.823^a	0.622^e	0.662^bc	0.434^d	1.203^a	3.171^a
	5	0.468^a	0.343^cde	0.847^a	0.751^ab	0.716^ab	0.538^c	1.547^a	2.903^a
	6	0.416^abc	0.280^fg	0.833^a	0.678^cd	0.649^c	0.450^d	1.465^a	3.178^a
	7	0.403^bc	0.304^ef	0.827^a	0.688^cd	0.638^c	0.445^d	1.289^a	2.837^ab
	8	0.445^abc	0.343^cde	0.839^a	0.727^bc	0.723^ab	0.553^bc	1.672^a	2.745^ab
	9	0.455^abc	0.360^bcd	0.846^a	0.742^ab	0.743^a	0.526^c	1.670^a	2.250^bc
	10	0.469^a	0.387^ab	0.868^a	0.795^a	0.763^a	0.628^a	1.145^a	1.691^c
	11	0.461^ab	0.373^abc	0.850^a	0.765^ab	0.740^a	0.589^abc	1.178^a	1.882^c
	12	0.448^abc	0.339^cde	0.845^a	0.727^bc	0.724^ab	0.522^c	1.623^a	2.971^a