植物生态学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (6): 730-743.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0369 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2023.0369
所属专题: 植物功能性状
收稿日期:
2023-11-28
接受日期:
2024-02-27
出版日期:
2024-06-20
发布日期:
2024-02-27
通讯作者:
*刘志理(liuzl2093@126.com)
基金资助:
PENG Zhong-Tao, JIN Guang-Ze, LIU Zhi-Li*()
Received:
2023-11-28
Accepted:
2024-02-27
Online:
2024-06-20
Published:
2024-02-27
Contact:
*LIU Zhi-Li(liuzl2093@126.com)
Supported by:
摘要:
叶性状受植株大小的影响, 但也会因成年树和幼树所处林冠条件的不同而产生差异。因此植物可通过调整叶性状进而选择不同的生存策略。该研究测量了小兴安岭阔叶红松(Pinus korainesis)林中花楷槭(Acer ukurunduense)、青楷槭(A. tegmentosum)、五角槭(A. pictum subsp. mono) 3种槭树的林隙成年树、林隙幼树和林内幼树的叶经济谱性状: 比叶面积(SLA)、叶干物质含量(LDMC)、叶片厚度(LT)、叶绿素(Chl)含量、净光合速率(Aarea)和非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)含量及防御性状: 总酚(TP)含量和类黄酮(FLA)含量, 通过研究植株大小和林冠条件对叶性状变异及相关性的影响, 阐述林隙如何通过影响叶性状进而影响林分更新以及不同生境下植株所选生存策略的差异。结果表明: 林隙成年树的LDMC、Chl含量、FLA含量和NSC含量显著高于林隙幼树, SLA则显著低于林隙幼树; 而林隙幼树的LDMC、LT、Chl含量和Aarea均显著高于林内幼树; 成年树SLA和LDMC相关性斜率的绝对值显著大于林隙幼树, 林内幼树两者间的斜率的绝对值又显著小于林隙幼树。林隙成年树表现为“保守型”策略, 林内幼树表现为“获取型”策略; 林隙幼树则表现为两种策略之间的过渡策略。研究结果表明, 当幼树不再受到林内环境光照条件限制时, 植株大小对叶性状的影响可能发生改变。另外, 林隙可以通过提高幼树光合速率, 提高对病虫害的抵抗能力等方式促进林分更新。
彭仲韬, 金光泽, 刘志理. 小兴安岭三种槭树叶性状随植株大小和林冠条件的变异. 植物生态学报, 2024, 48(6): 730-743. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0369
PENG Zhong-Tao, JIN Guang-Ze, LIU Zhi-Li. Leaf trait variations and relationships of three Acer species in different tree sizes and canopy conditions in Xiao Hinggan Mountains of Northeast China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2024, 48(6): 730-743. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0369
因子 Factor | 林隙成年树 Adults in gaps | 林隙幼树 Saplings in gaps | 林内幼树 Saplings in understory |
---|---|---|---|
DBH (cm) | 17.31 ± 1.46a | 5.15 ± 0.23b | 5.20 ± 0.17b |
H (m) | 15.02 ± 1.23a | 7.23 ± 1.16b | 7.34 ± 0.92b |
CO (%) | 24.63 ± 1.30a | 23.49 ± 1.15a | 15.15 ± 0.79b |
SWC | 0.90 ± 0.10a | 1.00 ± 0.09a | 0.77 ± 0.06a |
STN (mg·g-1) | 12.11 ± 1.04a | 12.25 ± 0.97a | 10.53 ± 0.96a |
STP (mg·g-1) | 1.28 ± 0.11a | 1.30 ± 0.09a | 1.07 ± 0.08a |
pH | 5.69 ± 0.12a | 5.49 ± 0.10a | 5.59 ± 0.12a |
表1 小兴安岭3种槭树胸径(DBH)、树高(H)和环境因子在不同林冠条件和大小植株之间的差异(平均值±标准误)
Table 1 Differences in diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height (H) and environmental factors among different canopy conditions and plant sizes of three Acer species in Xiao Hinggan Mountains (mean ± SE)
因子 Factor | 林隙成年树 Adults in gaps | 林隙幼树 Saplings in gaps | 林内幼树 Saplings in understory |
---|---|---|---|
DBH (cm) | 17.31 ± 1.46a | 5.15 ± 0.23b | 5.20 ± 0.17b |
H (m) | 15.02 ± 1.23a | 7.23 ± 1.16b | 7.34 ± 0.92b |
CO (%) | 24.63 ± 1.30a | 23.49 ± 1.15a | 15.15 ± 0.79b |
SWC | 0.90 ± 0.10a | 1.00 ± 0.09a | 0.77 ± 0.06a |
STN (mg·g-1) | 12.11 ± 1.04a | 12.25 ± 0.97a | 10.53 ± 0.96a |
STP (mg·g-1) | 1.28 ± 0.11a | 1.30 ± 0.09a | 1.07 ± 0.08a |
pH | 5.69 ± 0.12a | 5.49 ± 0.10a | 5.59 ± 0.12a |
图1 小兴安岭3种槭树不同植株大小和林冠条件之间叶性状的差异。 *, p < 0.05; ***, p < 0.001; ns, p ≥ 0.05。Aarea, 净光合速率; Chl, 叶绿素; FLA, 类黄酮; LDMC, 叶干物质含量; LT, 叶片厚度; NSC, 非结构性碳水化合物; SLA, 比叶面积; SS, 可溶性糖; ST, 淀粉; TP, 总酚。
Fig. 1 Leaf traits variations for three Acer species among different tree sizes and canopy conditions in Xiao Hinggan Mountains. *, p < 0.05; ***, p < 0.001; ns, p ≥ 0.05. Aarea, net photosynthetic rate per area; Chl, chlorophyll; FLA, flavonoids; LDMC, leaf dry matter content; LT, leaf thickness; NSC, non-structural carbohydrates; SLA, specific leaf area; SS, soluble sugar; ST, starch; TP, total phenolics.
图2 小兴安岭3种槭树叶性状间Pearson相关系数。 *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001。Aarea, 净光合速率; Chl, 叶绿素含量; FLA, 类黄酮含量; LDMC, 叶干物质含量; LT, 叶片厚度; NSC, 非结构性碳水化合物含量; SLA, 比叶面积; TP, 总酚含量。
Fig. 2 Correlations coefficients between leaf traits of three Acer species in Xiao Hinggan Mountains. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001. Aarea, net photosynthetic rate per area; Chl, chlorophyll content; FLA, flavonoids content; LDMC, leaf dry matter content; LT, leaf thickness; NSC, non-structural carbohydrates content; SLA, specific leaf area; TP, total phenolics content.
图3 小兴安岭3种槭树叶性状间相关关系随植株大小的变化。 实线表示叶性状间的相关关系显著(p < 0.05), 虚线表示性状间的相关关系不显著(p ≥ 0.05)。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001。p1 < 0.05代表叶性状间相关性的斜率随植株大小而显著变化, p1 ≥ 0.05代表叶性状间相关性的斜率差异不显著; p2 < 0.05则表示截距存在显著差异, p2 ≥ 0.05表示截距不存在显著差异。Aarea, 净光合速率; Chl, 叶绿素含量; FLA, 类黄酮含量; LDMC, 叶干物质含量; LT, 叶片厚度; NSC, 非结构性碳水化合物含量; SLA, 比叶面积; TP, 总酚含量。
Fig. 3 Variations for trait-trait relationships between different sizes of three Acer species in Xiao Hinggan Mountains. The significant regression relationships between leaf traits were shown as solid lines (p < 0.05), and the regression line was represented by a dashed line if the relationships weren’t significant (p ≥ 0.05). *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001. p1 < 0.05 indicated that the slope of relationship between leaf traits varied significantly with plant sizes; p1 ≥ 0.05 indicated that the slope of relationship between leaf traits didn’t vary significantly with plant sizes; p2 < 0.05 indicated a significant difference in intercept; p2 ≥ 0.05 indicated no significant difference in intercept. Aarea, net photosynthetic rate per area; Chl, chlorophyll content; FLA, flavonoids content; LDMC, leaf dry matter content; LT, leaf thickness; NSC, non-structural carbohydrates content; SLA, specific leaf area; TP, total phenolics content.
图4 小兴安岭3种槭树叶性状间相关关系随林冠条件的变异。 实线表示叶性状间的相关关系显著(p < 0.05), 虚线表示性状间的相关关系不显著(p ≥ 0.05)。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001。p1 < 0.05代表叶性状间相关性的斜率随林冠条件而显著变化, p1 ≥ 0.05代表叶性状间相关性的斜率差异不显著; p2 < 0.05则表示截距存在显著差异, p2 ≥ 0.05表示截距不存在显著差异。Aarea, 净光合速率; Chl, 叶绿素含量; FLA, 类黄酮含量; LDMC, 叶干物质含量; LT, 叶片厚度; NSC, 非结构性碳水化合物含量; SLA, 比叶面积; TP, 总酚含量。
Fig. 4 Variations for trait-trait relationships between different canopy conditions of three Acer species in Xiao Hinggan Mountains. The significant regression relationships between leaf traits were shown as solid lines (p < 0.05), and the regression line was represented by a dashed line if the relationships weren’t significant (p ≥ 0.05). *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001. p1 < 0.05 indicated that the slope of relationship between leaf traits varied significantly with canopy conditions; p1 ≥ 0.05 indicated that the slope of relationship between leaf traits didn’t vary significantly with canopy conditions; p2 < 0.05 indicated a significant difference in intercept; p2 ≥ 0.05 indicated no significant difference in intercept. Aarea, net photosynthetic rate per area; Chl, chlorophyll content; FLA, flavonoids content; LDMC, leaf dry matter content; LT, leaf thickness; NSC, non-structural carbohydrates content; SLA, specific leaf area; TP, total phenolics content.
图5 小兴安岭3种槭树在不同大小植株以及不同林冠条件下的主成分分析(PCA)。 Aarea, 净光合速率; Chl, 叶绿素含量; FLA, 类黄酮含量; LDMC, 叶干物质含量; LT, 叶片厚度; NSC, 非结构性碳水化合物含量; SLA, 比叶面积; TP, 总酚含量。
Fig. 5 Principal component analysis (PCA) for leaf traits and defensive traits among different plant sizes and canopy conditions of three Acer species in Xiao Hinggan Mountains. Aarea, net photosynthetic rate per area; Chl, chlorophyll content; FLA, flavonoids content; LDMC, leaf dry matter content; LT, leaf thickness; NSC, non-structural carbohydrates content; SLA, specific leaf area; TP, total phenolics content.
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