植物生态学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (6): 730-743.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0369  cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2023.0369

所属专题: 植物功能性状

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

小兴安岭三种槭树叶性状随植株大小和林冠条件的变异

彭仲韬, 金光泽, 刘志理*()   

  1. 东北林业大学生态研究中心, 森林生态系统可持续经营教育部重点实验室, 东北亚生物多样性研究中心, 哈尔滨 150040
  • 收稿日期:2023-11-28 接受日期:2024-02-27 出版日期:2024-06-20 发布日期:2024-02-27
  • 通讯作者: *刘志理(liuzl2093@126.com)
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2022YFD2201100);国家自然科学基金(32071533);中央高校基本科研业务费(2572022DS13)

Leaf trait variations and relationships of three Acer species in different tree sizes and canopy conditions in Xiao Hinggan Mountains of Northeast China

PENG Zhong-Tao, JIN Guang-Ze, LIU Zhi-Li*()   

  1. Center for Ecological Research, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management of the Ministry of Education, Northeast Asia Biodiversity Research Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
  • Received:2023-11-28 Accepted:2024-02-27 Online:2024-06-20 Published:2024-02-27
  • Contact: *LIU Zhi-Li(liuzl2093@126.com)
  • Supported by:
    National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFD2201100);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071533);Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2572022DS13)

摘要:

叶性状受植株大小的影响, 但也会因成年树和幼树所处林冠条件的不同而产生差异。因此植物可通过调整叶性状进而选择不同的生存策略。该研究测量了小兴安岭阔叶红松(Pinus korainesis)林中花楷槭(Acer ukurunduense)、青楷槭(A. tegmentosum)、五角槭(A. pictum subsp. mono) 3种槭树的林隙成年树、林隙幼树和林内幼树的叶经济谱性状: 比叶面积(SLA)、叶干物质含量(LDMC)、叶片厚度(LT)、叶绿素(Chl)含量、净光合速率(Aarea)和非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)含量及防御性状: 总酚(TP)含量和类黄酮(FLA)含量, 通过研究植株大小和林冠条件对叶性状变异及相关性的影响, 阐述林隙如何通过影响叶性状进而影响林分更新以及不同生境下植株所选生存策略的差异。结果表明: 林隙成年树的LDMC、Chl含量、FLA含量和NSC含量显著高于林隙幼树, SLA则显著低于林隙幼树; 而林隙幼树的LDMC、LT、Chl含量和Aarea均显著高于林内幼树; 成年树SLA和LDMC相关性斜率的绝对值显著大于林隙幼树, 林内幼树两者间的斜率的绝对值又显著小于林隙幼树。林隙成年树表现为“保守型”策略, 林内幼树表现为“获取型”策略; 林隙幼树则表现为两种策略之间的过渡策略。研究结果表明, 当幼树不再受到林内环境光照条件限制时, 植株大小对叶性状的影响可能发生改变。另外, 林隙可以通过提高幼树光合速率, 提高对病虫害的抵抗能力等方式促进林分更新。

关键词: 叶性状, 防御性状, 非结构性碳水化合物, 林冠条件

Abstract:

Aims Leaf traits are affected not only by plant sizes, but also by different canopy conditions where mature trees and saplings grow. Thus, these trees choose various survival strategies to adapt to different canopy conditions by adjusting their leaf traits. The aim of this study is to investigate the changes of leaf traits of three Acer trees along with the changes of plant size and canopy condition.

Methods In this study, three species (Acer ukurunduense, A. tegmentosumand A. pictumsubsp. mono) in broadleaf Pinus korainesis forest in Xiao Hinggan Mountains of Northeast China were selected. Six leaf economics spectrum traits, specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), leaf thickness (LT), chlorophyll (Chl) content, net photosynthetic rate per area (Aarea) and non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) content, together with two defensive traits, total phenolics (TP) content and flavonoids (FLA) content of adult trees and saplings in gaps and saplings in understory were measured. Whether leaf traits and their relationships varied with plant sizes and canopy conditions was further analyzed to illustrate how gaps influence forest regeneration by altering leaf traits, and to explore the differentiation of survival strategies for plant individuals growing under various habitats.

Important findings Adults in gaps had higher LDMC, Chl content, FLA content and NSC content compared with saplings in gaps, which meant adults had adequate photosynthetic accumulation and they were more capable to defend against herbivory. LDMC, LT, Chl content and Aarea of gap saplings were significantly higher than saplings in understory, indicating that canopy condition was a vital source of leaf trait variations. The absolute slope of relationship between SLA and LDMC for adults was significantly higher than that for saplings in gaps, but the absolute slope of understory saplings was significantly lower than that of the gap saplings. The relationship between defensive traits remained stable among different plant sizes and canopy conditions. These evidences showed that, adults invested more in leaf construction such as leaf thickness and defensive substances, so they chose “conservative” strategy. Saplings in understory improved their ability to acquire light by increasing SLA, they therefore tended to choose “acquisitive” strategy. Saplings in gaps however, showed the transition strategy between “conservative” and “acquisitive” strategies. Results further indicated that, when saplings were not limited by light, their photosynthetic rate increased rapidly to be significantly higher than that of adults. In addition, forest gaps can promote the regeneration of forest stand by enhancing the abilities of photosynthesis and resistance to herbivory of saplings.

Key words: leaf traits, defensive traits, non-structural carbohydrates, canopy condition