吉林蛟河阔叶红松林木本植物物种多样性及群落结构与生产力的关系

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2016.0321

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

该研究以吉林蛟河阔叶红松林为分析对象, 比较了物种多样性和群落结构对生产力的影响, 试图为解释多样性-生产力关系、指导森林经营管理提供科学依据。研究利用11.76 hm²大样地中10 973株木本植物数据, 通过线性回归模型分析了7个物种多样性和群落结构指标与生产力的相关性, 进而利用结构方程模型比较了物种多样性和群落结构对生产力的影响。结果显示: (1)在线性回归模型中, 物种多样性和群落结构均对生产力有显著作用, 其中物种多样性均匀度指数与生产力显著负相关, 群落结构的香农指数与生产力显著正相关, 基尼系数与生产力显著负相关。(2)在结构方程模型中, 群落结构对生产力的影响比物种多样性更强。研究认为群落结构对生产力的作用比物种多样性更大, 在森林经营管理中, 提高群落结构复杂性对促进生产力具有重要的意义。

关键词: 群落结构, 物种多样性, 森林生产力, 大样地, 结构方程模型

Abstract:

Aims Based on the dataset of a broad-leaved Korean pine forest in Jiaohe, Jilin Province, this research compared the influences of species diversity and community structure on productivity. We aim to explain the relationship between diversity and productivity for better forest management.
Methods We used the data of 10 973 woody-plants in a 11.76 hm² large sample plot and analyzed the correlations between 7 different indices of species diversity or community structure and productivity. Structural equation model was used to compare the effects of species diversity and community structure on productivity.
Important findings The results showed that: (1) Both species diversity and community structure had significant effects on productivity when they were considered separately in linear regression analysis, i.e. species evenness was negatively correlated with productivity, the Shannon index of community structure was positively correlated with productivity and the Gini index was negatively correlated with productivity. (2) In the structural equation model, when simultaneously considered, community structure had stronger influence on productivity than species diversity. Our research suggests that, the effects of community structure on productivity are greater than species diversity and it is important to increase community structure complexity to improve forest productivity during forest management.

Key words: community structure, species diversity, forest productivity, large sample plot, structural equation model

谭凌照, 范春雨, 范秀华. 吉林蛟河阔叶红松林木本植物物种多样性及群落结构与生产力的关系. 植物生态学报, 2017, 41(11): 1149-1156. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0321

Ling-Zhao TAN, Chun-Yu FAN, Xiu-Hua FAN. Relationships between species diversity or community structure and productivity of woody-plants in a broad-leaved Korean pine forest in Jiaohe, Jilin, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2017, 41(11): 1149-1156. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0321

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2016.0321

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2017/V41/I11/1149

图/表 4

表1 样地内基础变量信息统计表

Table 1 The statistical information of basic variables in the sampling plot

变量 Variables	范围 Range	平均值 Mean	标准偏差 Standard deviation
胸高断面积年均增长量 Annual growth of basal area (cm²·a^-1)	76.53-543.60	272.22	83.62
林冠开阔度 Canopy openness	1.12-3.99	1.87	0.38
土壤全氮 Soil total nitrogen (g·kg^-1)	0.65-1.60	0.95	0.16
土壤全磷 Soil total phosphorus (g·kg^-1)	0.33-1.09	0.79	0.12
土壤全钾 Soil total potassium (g·kg^-1)	20.40-20.90	20.70	0.01
土壤速效氮 Soil available nitrogen (mg·kg^-1)	29.93-68.81	53.65	8.48
土壤速效磷 Soil available phosphorus (mg·kg^-1)	0.09-22.01	11.94	5.59
土壤速效钾 Soil available potassium (mg·kg^-1)	206.80-236.20	226.30	5.74
土壤有机碳 Soil organic carbon (%)	5.51-13.33	9.64	1.60
土壤pH值 Soil pH value	4.38-5.32	4.88	0.25
胸高断面积密度 Basal area density (cm²·m^-2)	9.73-46.31	27.97	5.96

表2 物种多样性和群落结构变异计算公式及结果

Table 2 The formulas and results of species diversity and community structure of woody plants in the studied forest

	指数 Index	计算公式 Formula	平均值 Mean value	范围 Range
物种多样性 Species diversity	物种丰富度 Species richness	$S = N s$	8.34	4-15
	物种香农指数 Species Shannon index	$H s = - \sum_{i = 1}^{N s} \frac{n_{i}}{N} \times l n (\frac{n_{i}}{N})$	1.81	1.18-2.55
	物种均匀度 Species evenness	$E s = H s / l n (N s)$	0.87	0.65-0.97
群落结构变异 Variation of community structure	胸径香农指数 DBH Shannon index	$H d = - \sum_{j = 1}^{N d} \frac{n_{j}}{N} \times l n (\frac{n_{j}}{N})$	2.77	2.24-3.11
	胸径均匀度 DBH evenness	$E s = H d / l n (N d)$	0.94	0.70-1.11
	胸径变异系数 Coefficient of DBH variation	$V a r D = 100$	77.36	44.14-112.70
	胸径基尼系数 DBH Gini index	$G i n i D = \frac{\sum_{k = 2}^{N} (2 \times k - N - 1) \times b a_{k}}{\sum_{k = 2}^{N} (N - 1) \times b a_{k}}$	0.39	0.24-0.51

表2 物种多样性和群落结构变异计算公式及结果

Table 2 The formulas and results of species diversity and community structure of woody plants in the studied forest

	指数 Index	计算公式 Formula	平均值 Mean value	范围 Range
物种多样性 Species diversity	物种丰富度 Species richness	$S = N s$	8.34	4-15
	物种香农指数 Species Shannon index	$H s = - \sum_{i = 1}^{N s} \frac{n_{i}}{N} \times l n (\frac{n_{i}}{N})$	1.81	1.18-2.55
	物种均匀度 Species evenness	$E s = H s / l n (N s)$	0.87	0.65-0.97
群落结构变异 Variation of community structure	胸径香农指数 DBH Shannon index	$H d = - \sum_{j = 1}^{N d} \frac{n_{j}}{N} \times l n (\frac{n_{j}}{N})$	2.77	2.24-3.11
	胸径均匀度 DBH evenness	$E s = H d / l n (N d)$	0.94	0.70-1.11
	胸径变异系数 Coefficient of DBH variation	$V a r D = 100$	77.36	44.14-112.70
	胸径基尼系数 DBH Gini index	$G i n i D = \frac{\sum_{k = 2}^{N} (2 \times k - N - 1) \times b a_{k}}{\sum_{k = 2}^{N} (N - 1) \times b a_{k}}$	0.39	0.24-0.51

表3 与生产力显著相关的多样性线性回归结果

Table 3 The correlation coefficient between the examined variables and forest productivity using different models

解释变量 Explanatory variables	估计值 Estimate
	物种多样性模型 Species diversity model	群落结构变异模型 Community structural variation model
	物种多样性模型 Species diversity model	A	B
物种均匀度 Species evenness	-0.211^*	-	-
胸径香农指数 DBH Shannon index	-	0.400^***	-
胸径基尼系数 DBH Gini index	-	-	-0.337^***
胸高断面积密度 Basal area density	0.914^***	0.756^***	0.964^***
林冠开阔度 Canopy openness	0.289^***	0.275^**	0.298^***
有机碳 Soil organic carbon	0.517^***	0.221^*	0.293^***
速效钾 Available potassium	0.991^***	0.193^*	0.241^**
速效氮 Available nitrogen	0.413^***	-	-
pH	-0.520^***	-	-
速效磷 Available phosphorus	-	0.413^***	-
全磷 Total phosphorus	-	-0.244^*	-
调整决定系数 Adjusted R²	34.67%	35.95%	31.93%
AIC值 AIC value	1 080.385	1 074.56	1 090.52

图1 物种多样性和群落结构对生产力的作用路径图。图中实线表示作用路径显著, 虚线表示作用路径不显著。***, p < 0.001。

Fig. 1 The impact paths of species diversity and community structure on productivity. Solid line indicates significant path, while dashed line indicates insignificant path. ***, p < 0.001.

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