Evolvement of harvest index and water-use efficiency in diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid wheats during grain-filling stage under different water treatments

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.04.010

Abstract

Abstract:

Aim Our objective was to understand differences in grain yield and water-use efficiency among wheats of different ploidy.

Methods We conducted experiments on six wheat varieties: diploid species (Triticum boeoticum, T. monococcum), tetraploid species (T. dicoccoides, T. dicoccon) and hexaploid species (T. aestivum Changwu 134 and Shaan 253). These were treated with different water conditions in the grain-filling stage, and we determined root biomaSD, aboveground biomaSD, grain yield, water consumption for transpiration and water-use efficiency.

Important findings There were significant differences in biomaSD, grain yield and water-use efficiency among different wheat varieties with different diploid chromosomes under each water treatment. In the evolution of wheat from diploid to hexaploid, dry weight of root system increased first and then decreased; aboveground biomaSD, 1 000-kernel weight, grain number per spike, grain yield, harvest index and water-use efficiency increased gradually. With the aggravation of drought, harvest index of wheat increased first and then decreased; values of harvest index were 41.26%, 42.28% and 38.19%, respectively. Water-use efficiency for biomaSD gradually increased; values were 2.39, 2.43 and 2.53 g·kg^-1, respectively. Values for water-use efficiency for grain yield were 1.05, 1.10 and 1.04 g·kg^-1, respectively. Therefore, water condition was a key factor influencing harvest index and water-use efficiency during grain-filling stage, and moderate water streSD is helpful to improve water-use efficiency for crops. Water deficit during the grain-filling stage could improve the harvest index of hexaploid wheat as well as biomaSD water-use efficiency of tetraploid wheat, and moderate water deficit may increase yield water-use efficiency of both tetraploid and hexaploid wheat.

Key words: grain-filling stage, grain yield, harvest index, water deficit, water-use efficiency, wheat of different ploidy

ZHAO Zi-Ping, DENG Xi-Ping, WANG Zheng-Hong, LIU Bin-Bin. Evolvement of harvest index and water-use efficiency in diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid wheats during grain-filling stage under different water treatments[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2010, 34(4): 444-451.

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Figures/Tables 4

References 21

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指标 Index	处理Treatment	野生一粒小麦 Triticum boeoticum	栽培一粒小麦 T. monococcum	野生二粒小麦T. dicoccoides	栽培二粒小麦 T. dicoccum	‘长武134’ Changeu 134	‘陕253’ Shaan 253
株高	CK	88.5^aC	126.3^aA	108.8^aB	131.8^aA	73.6^aD	78.7^aD
Plant height (cm)	MD	89.7^aC	115.9^bB	112.9^aB	124.5^bA	74.5^aD	76.0^aD
	SD	93.5^aB	103.6^cA	97.1^aAB	97.7^cAB	70.4^aC	74.6^aC
旗叶面积	CK	5.7^aE	50.2^aA	50.7^aA	39.7^aB	24.5^aC	20.4^bD
Flag leaf area (cm²)	MD	5.6^aF	44.8^bB	52.3^aA	42.1^aC	21.2^bE	23.7^aD
	SD	4.9^bE	44.1^bB	49.1^aA	33.7^bC	21.9^bD	22.8^aD
穗长	CK	83.2^aDC	113.8^aB	89.6^bC	121.2^aA	69.7^abDC	75.4^aD
Spike length (mm)	MD	83.4^aC	103.8^bAB	96.5^aB	110.9^bA	72.0^aC	72.8^abC
	SD	89.4^aA	91.2^cA	82.0^cA	85.7^cA	65.7^bB	70.2^bB

指标 Index	处理Treatment	野生一粒小麦 Triticum boeoticum	栽培一粒小麦 T. monococcum	野生二粒小麦T. dicoccoides	栽培二粒小麦 T. dicoccum	‘长武134’ Changeu 134	‘陕253’ Shaan 253
株高	CK	88.5^aC	126.3^aA	108.8^aB	131.8^aA	73.6^aD	78.7^aD
Plant height (cm)	MD	89.7^aC	115.9^bB	112.9^aB	124.5^bA	74.5^aD	76.0^aD
	SD	93.5^aB	103.6^cA	97.1^aAB	97.7^cAB	70.4^aC	74.6^aC
旗叶面积	CK	5.7^aE	50.2^aA	50.7^aA	39.7^aB	24.5^aC	20.4^bD
Flag leaf area (cm²)	MD	5.6^aF	44.8^bB	52.3^aA	42.1^aC	21.2^bE	23.7^aD
	SD	4.9^bE	44.1^bB	49.1^aA	33.7^bC	21.9^bD	22.8^aD
穗长	CK	83.2^aDC	113.8^aB	89.6^bC	121.2^aA	69.7^abDC	75.4^aD
Spike length (mm)	MD	83.4^aC	103.8^bAB	96.5^aB	110.9^bA	72.0^aC	72.8^abC
	SD	89.4^aA	91.2^cA	82.0^cA	85.7^cA	65.7^bB	70.2^bB

指标 Index	处理Treatment	野生一粒小麦 Triticum boeoticum	栽培一粒小麦 T. monococcum	野生二粒小麦 T. dicoccoides	栽培二粒小麦 T. dicoccum	‘长武134’ Changeu 134	‘陕253’ Shaan 253
根重	CK	10.1^aBC	11.8^aAB	11.7^aAB	12.8^aA	8.3^aDC	6.3^abD
Root weight	MD	9.8^aBC	11.0^aAB	11.6^aAB	12.6^aA	8.1^aC	5.1^bD
(g·pot^-1)	SD	9.7^aB	9.7^aB	9.9^aB	12.1^aA	8.5^aBC	7.3^aC
地上生物量	CK	18.6^aF	75.8^aA	57.6^aE	69.7^aC	67.3^aD	73.1^aB
Aboveground biomaSD	MD	18.4^aE	65.6^bA	53.6^bD	58.2^bC	62.7^bB	62.8^bB
(g·pot^-1)	SD	17.9^aD	52.7^cBC	53.1^bBC	51^cC	59.7^bA	54.7^cB
根冠比	CK	0.54^aA	0.16^bC	0.20^abB	0.18^bB	0.12^aD	0.09^bE
Root/shoot ratio	MD	0.53^aA	0.17^abC	0.22^aB	0.22^aB	0.13^abD	0.08^bE
	SD	0.54^aA	0.19^aC	0.19^bC	0.23^aB	0.14^aD	0.13^aD

指标 Index	处理Treatment	野生一粒小麦 Triticum boeoticum	栽培一粒小麦 T. monococcum	野生二粒小麦 T. dicoccoides	栽培二粒小麦 T. dicoccum	‘长武134’ Changeu 134	‘陕253’ Shaan 253
根重	CK	10.1^aBC	11.8^aAB	11.7^aAB	12.8^aA	8.3^aDC	6.3^abD
Root weight	MD	9.8^aBC	11.0^aAB	11.6^aAB	12.6^aA	8.1^aC	5.1^bD
(g·pot^-1)	SD	9.7^aB	9.7^aB	9.9^aB	12.1^aA	8.5^aBC	7.3^aC
地上生物量	CK	18.6^aF	75.8^aA	57.6^aE	69.7^aC	67.3^aD	73.1^aB
Aboveground biomaSD	MD	18.4^aE	65.6^bA	53.6^bD	58.2^bC	62.7^bB	62.8^bB
(g·pot^-1)	SD	17.9^aD	52.7^cBC	53.1^bBC	51^cC	59.7^bA	54.7^cB
根冠比	CK	0.54^aA	0.16^bC	0.20^abB	0.18^bB	0.12^aD	0.09^bE
Root/shoot ratio	MD	0.53^aA	0.17^abC	0.22^aB	0.22^aB	0.13^abD	0.08^bE
	SD	0.54^aA	0.19^aC	0.19^bC	0.23^aB	0.14^aD	0.13^aD

指标 Index	处理Treatment	野生一粒小麦Triticum boeoticum	栽培一粒小麦 T. monococcum	野生二粒小麦T. dicoccoides	栽培二粒小麦 T. dicoccum	‘长武134’ Changeu 134	‘陕253’ Shaan 253
千粒重	CK	10.2^aD	41.6^aC	48.2^aB	41.5^aC	42.7^aC	53.4^aA
1 000-kernel weight (g)	MD	11.1^aD	38.0^bC	50.7^aA	40.1^aC	44.9^aB	51.9^aA
	SD	9.6^aD	35.1^cC	48.9^aA	35.9^bC	42.5^aB	48.1^bA
穗粒数	CK	29.1^aE	47.9^aC	36.9^aD	55.7^aB	66.0^aA	59.6^aAB
Seed number per pot	MD	27.8^aD	44.4^aC	32.7^aD	49.8^aBC	61.6^aA	54.8^aB
	SD	27.5^aE	43.9^aBC	33.9^aDE	38.8^bDC	55.2^aA	49.9^aAB
产量	CK	4.1^abE	29.3^aC	24.9^aD	32.5^aB	32.2^aB	36.1^aA
Grain yield	MD	4.5^aE	22.4^bD	25.7^aC	24.6^bC	31.9^aB	35.1^aA
(g·pot^-1)	SD	3.5^bF	20.5^cE	22.7^bC	20.5^cD	28.5^bA	26.4^bB
收获指数	CK	22.2^abE	39.3^aD	43.1^bC	45.5^aB	46.7^bB	50.4^bA
Harvest index (%)	MD	24.4^aE	33.5^bD	48.8^aB	40.8^bC	50.9^aB	56.8^aA
	SD	19.6^bE	30.1^cD	42.7^bC	38.5^cB	49.3a^A	49.2^bA