Effects of soil water deficit on physiological causes of rice grain-filling

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00195

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Our objective was to elucidate the physiological causes of the influence of soil water deficit on grain-filling and rice (Oryza sativa) yield by evaluating enzyme activities involved in sucrose-starch synthesis during the grain-filling period.
Methods Two rice cultivars (‘Shanyou 63’ and ‘Pc311/Zaoxiandang’) were grown in cement containers. Controlled soil water deficit was imposed at 9th day after flowering because the division of endosperm cells is sensitive to water deficit. The activities of key enzymes involved in the metabolism of sucrose to starch during grain-filling were evaluated.
Important findings The 1000-grain weight and rice yield under soil water deficit were significantly decreased. The key enzyme activities, including sucrose synthase, adenine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase, soluble starch synthase and starch branching enzyme, involved in the metabolism of sucrose to starch were significantly increased under soil water deficit during 10-20 days after anthesis. However, the activities of these enzymes under soil water-deficit were decreased rapidly 20-30 days after flowering compared to well-watered treatments. Active grain-filling periods of the water-deficit treatments were shortened as a result of the decrease of starch accumulation. Therefore, the rapid decline of the key enzyme activities involved in sucrose to starch metabolism and the shortage of assimilation supply at 20-30 days after anthesis are reasons for decreases in grain weight and yield under soil water deficit conditions.

Key words: grain-filling, rice, soil water deficit, starch synthesis, sucrose

WANG Wei, CAI Yi-Xia, YANG Jian-Chang, ZHU Qing-Sen. Effects of soil water deficit on physiological causes of rice grain-filling[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2011, 35(2): 195-202.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00195

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2011/V35/I2/195

Figures/Tables 6

Table 1 Effects of soil water deficit on the grain filling and yield of two rice cultivars during grain-filling period

品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	活跃灌浆期 Active grain-filling periods (d)	籽粒灌浆速率 Grain-filling rate (mg·grain^-1·d^-1)	结实率 Grain-filling percentage (%)		产量 Yield (g·m^-2)
‘汕优63’ ‘Shanyou 63’	WW	22.4	0.849	84.5^a	26.43^a	851.9^a
‘汕优63’ ‘Shanyou 63’	WD	19.6	0.921	79.8^b	25.07^b	771.3^b
‘Pc/早’ ‘Pc/zao’	WW	25.4	0.699	77.3^a	24.57^a	945.6^a
‘Pc/早’ ‘Pc/zao’	WD	21.5	0.794	72.6^b	23.64^b	859.8^b

Fig. 1 Effects of soil water deficit on the starch accumulation rate (A, B) and starch accumulation (C, D) in grains of two rice cultivars during grain-filling period. Vertical bars represent standard errors of three replications (n = 3). WW, well-watered; WD, water deficit.

Fig. 2 Effects of soil water deficit on the concentration of sucrose (A, B) and reduced sugar (C, D) in grains of two rice cultivars during grain-filling period (mean ± SE, n = 3). WW, well-watered; WD, water deficit.

Fig. 3 Effects of soil water deficit on the activities of sucrose synthase (A, B) and acid sucrose invertase (C, D) in grains of two rice cultivars during grain-filling period (mean ± SE, n = 3). WW, well-watered; WD, water deficit.

Fig. 4 Effects of soil water deficit on the activities of ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase (A, B), soluble starch synthase (C, D), granule-bound starch synthase (E, F) and starch branching enzyme (G, H) in grains of two rice cultivars during grain-filling period (mean ± SE, n = 3). WW, well-watered; WD, water deficit.

Fig. 5 Effects of soil water deficit on the activities of isoamylase (A, B), pullulanase (C, D) in grains of two rice cultivars during grain-filling period (mean ± SE, n = 3). WW, well-watered; WD, water deficit.

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