植物生态学报 ›› 2005, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (2): 242-250.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2005.0031
收稿日期:
2003-12-16
接受日期:
2004-07-01
出版日期:
2005-12-16
发布日期:
2005-03-10
通讯作者:
王孝安
作者简介:
*E-mail:wangxa@snnu.edu.Cn基金资助:
DUAN Ren-Yan1,2, WANG Xiao-An1,*()
Received:
2003-12-16
Accepted:
2004-07-01
Online:
2005-12-16
Published:
2005-03-10
Contact:
WANG Xiao-An
摘要:
采用逐步扩大范围的方法确定影响对象木 (Objectivetree) 的最佳竞争范围, 利用单木竞争指数的改进模型对太白红杉 (Larixchinensis) 种内和种间竞争强度进行了定量分析, 并讨论了不同竞争强度下太白红杉的形态变化。结果表明 :随对象木胸径的增大, 由于太白红杉种群自然稀疏过程中密度调节作用, 植株距离增加, 种内竞争强度降低 ;太白红杉主要分布于亚高山地段, 群落内其它物种较少, 个体普遍较小, 结果种间竞争相对较弱, 种内与种间竞争关系顺序为 :太白红杉 太白红杉 >巴山冷杉 (Abiesfargesii) 太白红杉 >牛皮桦 (Betulaplatyphylla) 太白红杉 >其它树种 太白红杉 ;竞争强度和对象木胸径的关系服从幂函数关系 (CI =AD-B), 当太白红杉胸径达到 35cm以上时, 竞争强度几乎没有变化, 所得的预测模型能很好地预测太白红杉种内和种间的竞争强度 ;不同竞争强度下, 太白红杉主茎各层的分枝角度、总分枝数、当年生枝条长、平均枝长和活枝数均表现出显著的差异。表明采用逐步扩大范围的方法能有效地确定竞争木范围, 较好地反应太白红杉种内和种间的竞争关系。同时, 太白红杉通过自身形态变化, 提高了对光的截获能力和对不同竞争强度的适应能力。
段仁燕, 王孝安. 太白红杉种内和种间竞争研究. 植物生态学报, 2005, 29(2): 242-250. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2005.0031
DUAN Ren-Yan, WANG Xiao-An. INTRASPECIFIC AND INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION IN LARIX CHINENSIS. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2005, 29(2): 242-250. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2005.0031
径级Diameter scale (cm) | 5~15 | 15~25 | 25~35 | 35~45 | 45~55 | 55~65 | 合计Sum | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
株数Number | 110 | 182 | 72 | 23 | 9 | 4 | 400 | ||||
百分比 Percentage (%) | 27.5 | 45.5 | 18.0 | 5.8 | 2.2 | 1.0 | 100.0 |
表1 对象木的胸径分布
Table 1 DBH distribution of objective tree
径级Diameter scale (cm) | 5~15 | 15~25 | 25~35 | 35~45 | 45~55 | 55~65 | 合计Sum | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
株数Number | 110 | 182 | 72 | 23 | 9 | 4 | 400 | ||||
百分比 Percentage (%) | 27.5 | 45.5 | 18.0 | 5.8 | 2.2 | 1.0 | 100.0 |
种类 Species | 太白红杉 Larix chinensis | 巴山冷杉 Abies fargesii | 牛皮桦 Betula platyphylla | 其它树种 Other species | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
胸径DBH (cm) | 5.03~56.78 | 6.45~40.45 | 5.62~27.38 | 5.27~35.24 | ||||
平均胸径 Average of DBH (cm) | 17.25 | 27.27 | 9.44 | 8.29 | ||||
株数Number | 3442 | 496 | 82 | 30 | ||||
百分比 Percentage (%) | 84.98 | 12.25 | 2.02 | 0.75 |
表2 竞争木的种类组成
Table 2 Species of competitive trees
种类 Species | 太白红杉 Larix chinensis | 巴山冷杉 Abies fargesii | 牛皮桦 Betula platyphylla | 其它树种 Other species | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
胸径DBH (cm) | 5.03~56.78 | 6.45~40.45 | 5.62~27.38 | 5.27~35.24 | ||||
平均胸径 Average of DBH (cm) | 17.25 | 27.27 | 9.44 | 8.29 | ||||
株数Number | 3442 | 496 | 82 | 30 | ||||
百分比 Percentage (%) | 84.98 | 12.25 | 2.02 | 0.75 |
径级Diameter scale (cm) | 5~15 | 15~25 | 25~35 | 35~45 | 45~55 | 55~65 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
竞争强度 Competition intensity | 6.43 | 2.74 | 1.83 | 0.92 | 0.65 | 0.63 | |||||||
标准差Standard deviation | 5.51 | 2.44 | 1.01 | 0.37 | 0.12 | 0.16 | |||||||
样本数Sample number | 1 161 | 1 410 | 630 | 175 | 47 | 12 |
表3 太白红杉种内竞争强度
Table 3 Intraspecific competition intensity of Larix chinensis
径级Diameter scale (cm) | 5~15 | 15~25 | 25~35 | 35~45 | 45~55 | 55~65 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
竞争强度 Competition intensity | 6.43 | 2.74 | 1.83 | 0.92 | 0.65 | 0.63 | |||||||
标准差Standard deviation | 5.51 | 2.44 | 1.01 | 0.37 | 0.12 | 0.16 | |||||||
样本数Sample number | 1 161 | 1 410 | 630 | 175 | 47 | 12 |
种类 Species | 太白红杉 Larix chinensis | 巴山冷杉 Abies fargesii | 牛皮桦 Betula platyphylla | 其它树种 Other species |
---|---|---|---|---|
竞争强度 Competition intensity | 3.52 | 2.88 | 1.72 | 0.84 |
标准差 Standard deviation | 0.22 | 1.48 | 0.86 | 0.11 |
样本数 Sample number | 3 396 | 545 | 91 | 23 |
表4 太白红杉种间竞争强度
Table 4 Interspecific competition intensity of Larix chinensis
种类 Species | 太白红杉 Larix chinensis | 巴山冷杉 Abies fargesii | 牛皮桦 Betula platyphylla | 其它树种 Other species |
---|---|---|---|---|
竞争强度 Competition intensity | 3.52 | 2.88 | 1.72 | 0.84 |
标准差 Standard deviation | 0.22 | 1.48 | 0.86 | 0.11 |
样本数 Sample number | 3 396 | 545 | 91 | 23 |
A | B | R0.05 | R0.01 | 显著性Significance | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
太白红杉与整个林分 Larix chinensis and forest | 89.75 | 1.24 | 0.89 | 0.32 | ** |
太白红杉与伴生树种 Larix chinensis and other species | 91.96 | 1.57 | 0.66 | 0.26 | * |
太白红杉种内 Intraspecific in Larix chinensis | 189.25 | 1.51 | 0.96 | 0.30 | ** |
太白红杉与巴山冷杉 Larix chinensis and Abies fargesii | 53.36 | 1.46 | 0.62 | 0.25 | * |
太白红杉与牛皮桦 Larix chinensis and Betula platyphylla | 64.24 | 1.70 | 0.85 | 0.30 | ** |
表5 竞争强度与对象木的胸径模型参数
Table 5 Model parameters of competition intensity and DBH of objective tree
A | B | R0.05 | R0.01 | 显著性Significance | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
太白红杉与整个林分 Larix chinensis and forest | 89.75 | 1.24 | 0.89 | 0.32 | ** |
太白红杉与伴生树种 Larix chinensis and other species | 91.96 | 1.57 | 0.66 | 0.26 | * |
太白红杉种内 Intraspecific in Larix chinensis | 189.25 | 1.51 | 0.96 | 0.30 | ** |
太白红杉与巴山冷杉 Larix chinensis and Abies fargesii | 53.36 | 1.46 | 0.62 | 0.25 | * |
太白红杉与牛皮桦 Larix chinensis and Betula platyphylla | 64.24 | 1.70 | 0.85 | 0.30 | ** |
径级Diameter scale (cm) | 5~15 | 15~25 | 25~35 | 35~45 | 45~55 | 55~65 | 65~75 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
太白红杉与整个林分Larix chinensis and forest | 8.57 | 4.01 | 1.69 | 0.76 | 0.64 | 0.61 | 0.59 |
太白红杉与伴生树种Larix chinensis and other species | 3.86 | 1.88 | 0.54 | 0.38 | 0.36 | 0.29 | 0.27 |
太白红杉种内Intraspecific in Larix chinensis | 6.48 | 2.70 | 1.31 | 0.54 | 0.48 | 0.44 | 0.43 |
太白红杉与巴山冷杉Larix chinensis and Abies fargesii | 3.79 | 1.13 | 0.78 | 0.31 | 0.29 | 0.24 | 0.22 |
太白红杉与牛皮桦Larix chinensis and Betula platyphylla | 1.34 | 0.73 | 0.39 | 0.29 | 0.25 | 0.24 | 0.23 |
表6 太白红杉种内种间竞争强度与对象木胸径的模型预测
Table 6 Model prediction of interspecific and intraspecific competition intensity and DBH
径级Diameter scale (cm) | 5~15 | 15~25 | 25~35 | 35~45 | 45~55 | 55~65 | 65~75 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
太白红杉与整个林分Larix chinensis and forest | 8.57 | 4.01 | 1.69 | 0.76 | 0.64 | 0.61 | 0.59 |
太白红杉与伴生树种Larix chinensis and other species | 3.86 | 1.88 | 0.54 | 0.38 | 0.36 | 0.29 | 0.27 |
太白红杉种内Intraspecific in Larix chinensis | 6.48 | 2.70 | 1.31 | 0.54 | 0.48 | 0.44 | 0.43 |
太白红杉与巴山冷杉Larix chinensis and Abies fargesii | 3.79 | 1.13 | 0.78 | 0.31 | 0.29 | 0.24 | 0.22 |
太白红杉与牛皮桦Larix chinensis and Betula platyphylla | 1.34 | 0.73 | 0.39 | 0.29 | 0.25 | 0.24 | 0.23 |
分枝角度 Branching angle | 总分枝数Total branch number | 活枝数 Living branch number | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
下层 Substrate | 中层 Middle- stratum | 上层 Super- stratum | 下层 Substrate | 中层 Middle- stratum | 上层 Super- stratum | 下层 Substrate | 中层 Middle- stratum | 上层 Super- stratum | ||||||||
NNI | 99.4±7.3a | 69.2±5.5a | 66.3±4.2a | 46.0±5.6a | 47.5±7.3a | 46.6±7.6a | 17.8±1.4a | 20.9±2.4a | 24.3±2.9a | |||||||
LNI | 96.4±8.8a | 80.4±9.5a | 56.3±8.4a | 45.8±7.9a | 40.4±6.5a | 42.3±2.6a | 12.9±3.4a | 17.6±3.7a | 26.4±9.8a | |||||||
HNI | 106.4±9.7a | 88.4±8.9a | 59.3±6.8a | 47.1±2.7a | 38.4±5.9a | 45.3±4.8a | 5.9±1.4b | 7.6±2.1b | 20.8±3.7a | |||||||
p | 0.289 | 0.159 | 0.352 | 0.301 | 0.998 | 0.874 | 0.000 1 | 0.009 5 | 0.521 | |||||||
当年生枝条长 Current-year branch length (cm) | 平均枝长 Average branch length (cm) | |||||||||||||||
下层 Substrate | 中层 Middle-stratum | 上层 Super-stratum | 下层 Substrate | 中层 Middle-stratum | 上层 Super-stratum | |||||||||||
NNI | 5.6±0.4a | 6.3±0.9a | 6.4±0.8a | 103.6±9.7a | 66.7±5.1a | 56.1±3.7a | ||||||||||
LNI | 3.6±0.5b | 4.4±0.8b | 6.2±0.9a | 92.1±13.4a | 54.1±3.7b | 47.5±6.9a | ||||||||||
HNI | 1.6±0.8c | 2.4±0.7c | 5.8±0.9a | 42.1±5.4b | 44.1±3.7c | 30.8±4.3b | ||||||||||
p | 0.032 | 0.049 | 0.388 | 0.000 4 | 0.000 3 | 0.000 6 |
表7 不同竞争强度下太白红杉的形态特征 (平均值±标准差)
Table 7 The character of Larix chinensis with different neighborhood competition
分枝角度 Branching angle | 总分枝数Total branch number | 活枝数 Living branch number | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
下层 Substrate | 中层 Middle- stratum | 上层 Super- stratum | 下层 Substrate | 中层 Middle- stratum | 上层 Super- stratum | 下层 Substrate | 中层 Middle- stratum | 上层 Super- stratum | ||||||||
NNI | 99.4±7.3a | 69.2±5.5a | 66.3±4.2a | 46.0±5.6a | 47.5±7.3a | 46.6±7.6a | 17.8±1.4a | 20.9±2.4a | 24.3±2.9a | |||||||
LNI | 96.4±8.8a | 80.4±9.5a | 56.3±8.4a | 45.8±7.9a | 40.4±6.5a | 42.3±2.6a | 12.9±3.4a | 17.6±3.7a | 26.4±9.8a | |||||||
HNI | 106.4±9.7a | 88.4±8.9a | 59.3±6.8a | 47.1±2.7a | 38.4±5.9a | 45.3±4.8a | 5.9±1.4b | 7.6±2.1b | 20.8±3.7a | |||||||
p | 0.289 | 0.159 | 0.352 | 0.301 | 0.998 | 0.874 | 0.000 1 | 0.009 5 | 0.521 | |||||||
当年生枝条长 Current-year branch length (cm) | 平均枝长 Average branch length (cm) | |||||||||||||||
下层 Substrate | 中层 Middle-stratum | 上层 Super-stratum | 下层 Substrate | 中层 Middle-stratum | 上层 Super-stratum | |||||||||||
NNI | 5.6±0.4a | 6.3±0.9a | 6.4±0.8a | 103.6±9.7a | 66.7±5.1a | 56.1±3.7a | ||||||||||
LNI | 3.6±0.5b | 4.4±0.8b | 6.2±0.9a | 92.1±13.4a | 54.1±3.7b | 47.5±6.9a | ||||||||||
HNI | 1.6±0.8c | 2.4±0.7c | 5.8±0.9a | 42.1±5.4b | 44.1±3.7c | 30.8±4.3b | ||||||||||
p | 0.032 | 0.049 | 0.388 | 0.000 4 | 0.000 3 | 0.000 6 |
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