华北地区落叶松林的分布、群落结构和物种多样性

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2018.0244

植物生态学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (9): 742-752.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0244

华北地区落叶松林的分布、群落结构和物种多样性

方文静¹,蔡琼¹,朱江玲¹,吉成均¹,岳明²,郭卫华³,张峰⁴,高贤明⁵,唐志尧¹,方精云^1,^*()

¹北京大学城市与环境学院, 北京大学生态研究中心, 地表过程分析与模拟教育部重点实验室, 北京 100871
²西北大学西部资源生物与现代生物技术教育部重点实验室, 西安 710069
³山东大学生命科学学院生态学与生物多样性研究所, 山东青岛 266237
⁴山西大学黄土高原研究所, 太原 030006
⁵中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室, 北京 100093

收稿日期:2018-10-03 接受日期:2018-12-24 出版日期:2019-09-20 发布日期:2020-01-03
通讯作者: 方精云
基金资助:
国家科技基础性工作专项(2011FY110300);国家科技基础性工作专项(2015FY210200)

Distribution, community structures and species diversity of larch forests in North China

FANG Wen-Jing¹,CAI Qiong¹,ZHU Jiang-Ling¹,JI Cheng-Jun¹,YUE Ming²,GUO Wei-Hua³,ZHANG Feng⁴,GAO Xian-Ming⁵,TANG Zhi-Yao¹,FANG Jing-Yun^1,^*()

¹Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
²Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
³Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
⁴Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
⁵State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China

Received:2018-10-03 Accepted:2018-12-24 Online:2019-09-20 Published:2020-01-03
Contact: FANG Jing-Yun
Supported by:
Supported by the National Basic Work of Science and Technology of China(2011FY110300);Supported by the National Basic Work of Science and Technology of China(2015FY210200)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

华北落叶松(Larix principis-rupprechtii)林、日本落叶松(L. kaempferi)林及太白红杉(L. chinensis)林是华北地区常见的3种落叶松林类型, 其中日本落叶松林为人工林, 华北落叶松林既有天然分布又有人工种植, 太白红杉林则主要是天然林。该研究基于野外调查数据, 对这3种落叶松林的分布、物种组成、群落结构、物种多样性及其与环境间的关系进行了分析。研究发现, 3种落叶松林的分布受年平均气温的影响较大, 随着年平均气温的增加, 落叶松林的天然分布减少而人工种植的分布增加。3种森林中落叶松的林分径级及树高均为右偏分布, 说明3种落叶松林均处于相对稳定的演替阶段。3种落叶松林均拥有较高的物种丰富度且差异显著, 其中太白红杉林的物种丰富度最大(39.3 ± 17.9), 而华北落叶松林的物种丰富度最小(人工林27.2 ± 17.7, 天然林27.5 ± 13.8)。除最大树高与经度的关系不显著以外, 落叶松林的最大胸径和最大树高及物种丰富度均随经纬度的增加而显著降低, 随着年降水量的增加而显著增加。此外, 年平均气温对落叶松林的总物种丰富度影响不大, 但是对其群落结构影响显著。随着年平均气温的升高, 落叶松林的最大胸径显著降低而最大树高却显著增加。落叶松天然林和落叶松人工林物种多样性的地理分布格局及与气候因子间的关系与落叶松林总体的基本一致, 但群落结构的格局不尽相同: 随着经纬度的增加, 落叶松人工林的最大树高增加而天然林的最大树高减小; 落叶松天然林的最大胸径和最大树高分别随年平均气温的升高和年降水量的增加而减小, 而落叶松人工林的最大胸径和最大树高分别随年平均气温的升高和年降水量的增加而增大。

关键词: 落叶松林, 华北落叶松, 日本落叶松, 太白红杉, 群落结构, 物种组成, 物种多样性

Abstract:

Aims Larch forests are important for timber harvesting and water-soil conservation in North China. To explore the distribution, community structure and species diversity of larch forests is important for the vegetation conservation and sustainable utilization in North China.
Methods We collected species composition and local environment for 215 forest plots dominated by three common larch species, namely, Larix principis-rupprechtii, L. kaempferi and L. chinensis, in North China during 2000-2017. Among these types, L. kaempferi forests are planted, while L. chinensis forests are almost natural, and most of L. principis-rupprechtii forests are natural. Based these data, we used the canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) to explore the relationship between species composition and environment. We also explored the pattern of community structure and species diversity of these three forests in relation to environmental factors.
Important findings Mean annual air temperature (MAT) was the most important factor for the distribution of these larch forests. The proportion of natural forest decreased, while that of planted forest increased, with MAT. Diameter at breast height (DBH) and height distribution of three larch forests were right-skewed, indicating that all of these larch forests are at relatively stable successional stage. Species richness differ remarkably among different larch forests, which was highest in the L. chinensis forests (39.3 ± 17.9), followed by the L. kaempferi forests (37.4 ± 22.4), and lowest in the L. principis-rupprechtii forests (planted forests 27.2 ± 17.7, natural forests 27.5 ± 13.8). Species richness, the maximum DBH and the maximum height decreased with latitudes and longitudes. Species richness, the maximum DBH and the maximum height increased with annual precipitation. However, species richness showed no significant trend, and the maximum height increased, while the maximum DBH decreased, with MAT. The patterns of species richness along geographical and climatic gradients were consistent between the planted, the natural and the overall (including both planted and natural) larch forests. However, the patterns of community structure differed remarkably among planted, natural and overall larch forests. The maximum height of planted forests increased, while that of natural forests decreased, with latitude and longitude. The maximum DBH and height of natural forests decreased, while those of planted forests increased, with MAT and annual precipitation, respectively.

Key words: larch forest, Larix principis-rupprechtii, Larix kaempferi, Larix chinensis, community structure, species composition, species diversity

方文静, 蔡琼, 朱江玲, 吉成均, 岳明, 郭卫华, 张峰, 高贤明, 唐志尧, 方精云. 华北地区落叶松林的分布、群落结构和物种多样性. 植物生态学报, 2019, 43(9): 742-752. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0244

FANG Wen-Jing, CAI Qiong, ZHU Jiang-Ling, JI Cheng-Jun, YUE Ming, GUO Wei-Hua, ZHANG Feng, GAO Xian-Ming, TANG Zhi-Yao, FANG Jing-Yun. Distribution, community structures and species diversity of larch forests in North China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2019, 43(9): 742-752. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0244

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2018.0244

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2019/V43/I9/742

图/表 9

参考文献 47

[1]	Aiba S, Kitayama K ( 1999). Structure, composition and species diversity in an altitude-substrate matrix of rain forest tree communities on Mount Kinabalu, Borneo. Plant Ecology, 140, 139-157.
[2]	Chen DS, Sun XM, Zhang SG ( 2016). Biomass, carbon storage and nutrient characteristics in Larix kaempferi plantations at different stand ages. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 27, 3759-3768.
	[ 陈东升, 孙晓梅, 张守攻 ( 2016). 不同年龄日本落叶松人工林生物量、碳储量及养分特征. 应用生态学报, 27, 3759-3768.]
[3]	Cheng WC ( 1983). Chinese Dendrology. Vol. 1. China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing.
	[ 郑万均 ( 1983). 中国树木志(第1卷). 中国林业出版社, 北京.]
[4]	Cheng WC, Fu LK ( 1978). Gymnospermae. In: Editorial Committee of Flora of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Flora of China. Science Press, Beijing. 169-196.
	[ 郑万均, 傅立国 ( 1978). 裸子植物门. 出自中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会编著. 中国植物志. 科学出版社, 北京. 169-196.]
[5]	Devi N, Hagedorn F, Moiseev P, Bugmann H, Shiyatov S, Mazepa V, Rigling A ( 2008). Expanding forests and changing growth forms of Siberian larch at the Polar Urals treeline during the 20th century. Global Change Biology, 14, 1581-1591.
[6]	Duan RY, Wang XA, Huang MY, Wang ZG, Wu GL ( 2010). Ecological characteristics of Larix chinensis population near timberline on Taibai Mountain in China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 30, 519-526.
	[ 段仁燕, 王孝安, 黄敏毅, 王志高, 吴甘霖 ( 2010). 太白山林线附近太白红杉种群的生态特征. 生态学报, 30, 519-526.]
[7]	Editorial Committee of Flora of China ( 2004). Flora of China. Science Press, Beijing.
	[ 中国植物志编辑委员会 ( 2004). 中国植物志. 科学出版社, 北京.]
[8]	Fang JY, Wang XP, Liu YN, Tang ZY, White PS, Sanders NJ ( 2012). Multi-scale patterns of forest structure and species composition in relation to climate in northeast China. Ecography, 35, 1072-1082.
[9]	Fang JY, Wang XP, Shen ZH, Tang ZY, He JS, Yu D, Jiang Y, Wang ZH, Zheng CY, Zhu JL, Guo ZD ( 2009). Methods and protocols for plant community inventory. Biodiversity Science, 17, 533-548.
	[ 方精云, 王襄平, 沈泽昊, 唐志尧, 贺金生, 于丹, 江源, 王志恒, 郑成洋, 朱江玲, 郭兆迪 ( 2009). 植物群落清查的主要内容、方法和技术规范. 生物多样性, 17, 533-548.]
[10]	Gaston KJ ( 2000). Global patterns in biodiversity. Nature, 405, 220-227.
[11]	Guo H ( 2004). Studies on Spatial Pattern of Larix chinensis Populations in Qinling Mountain. Master degree dissertation, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’ an. 20-31.
	[ 郭华 ( 2004). 秦岭太白红杉种群空间分布格局研究. 硕士学位论文, 陕西师范大学, 西安. 20-31.]
[12]	Guo L, Zhu Q, Zhang BG, Yu J, Lin L, Zhou GX ( 2014). Research on tending thinning of Japanese larch forest in the Sichuan Basin. Journal of Sichuan Forestry Science and Technology, 35(6), 64-68.
	[ 郭琳, 朱琴, 张保刚, 余军, 林林, 周桂香 ( 2014). 四川盆地日本落叶松林抚育间伐研究. 四川林业科技, 35(6), 64-68.]
[13]	Han YY ( 2006). Study on Effect of the Climatic Factors on the Increment of Larix leptolepis in Funiu Mountain in Western Henan. Master degree dissertation, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou. 20-40.
	[ 韩艳英 ( 2006). 气象因子对豫西伏牛山区日本落叶松生长量影响研究. 硕士学位论文, 河南农业大学, 郑州. 20-40.]
[14]	Ji WJ, Cheng XQ, Han HR, Kang FF, Yang J, Zhu J, Zhao J, Bai YC, Ma JY ( 2016). The biomass and nutrient distribution in Larix principis-ruppechtii Magyr plantations at different forest age. Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology, 22, 277-284.
	[ 纪文婧, 程小琴, 韩海荣, 康峰峰, 杨杰, 朱江, 赵敬, 白英辰, 马俊勇 ( 2016). 不同林龄华北落叶松人工林生物量及营养元素分布特征. 应用与环境生物学报, 22, 277-284.]
[15]	Kong LW, Chen XW, Lu SW, Li SN, Chen B, Gao C, Shi Y, Yang XY ( 2014). Relationships among growth Larix principis-‌rupprechtii, herbaceous plants diversity and landform. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 34, 60-66.
	[ 孔令伟, 陈祥伟, 鲁绍伟, 李少宁, 陈波, 高琛, 石媛, 杨小燕 ( 2014). 华北落叶松林木生长、草本植物多样性及地形因子之间的关系. 水土保持通报, 34, 60-66.]
[16]	Kuang X, Xing DL, Zhang ZC, Song HJ, Wang YY, Fang S, Yuan ZQ, Ye J, Lin F, Wang XG, Hao ZQ ( 2014). Species composition and community structure of a spruce-fir forest and a larch forest on the northern slope of Changbai Mountains, Northeast China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 25, 2149-2157.
	[ 匡旭, 邢丁亮, 张昭臣, 宋厚娟, 王芸芸, 房帅, 原作强, 叶吉, 蔺菲, 王绪高, 郝占庆 ( 2014). 长白山北坡云冷杉林和落叶松林物种组成与群落结构. 应用生态学报, 25, 2149-2157.]
[17]	Lei MD ( 1999). Vegetation of Shaanxi Province. Science Press, Beijing.
	[ 雷明德 ( 1999). 陕西植被. 科学出版社, 北京.]
[18]	Li GL, Liu Y, Lü RH, Yu HQ, Li RS ( 2009). Responses of understory vegetation development to regulation of tree density in Larix principis-rupprechtii plantations. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 31(1), 19-24.
	[ 李国雷, 刘勇, 吕瑞恒, 于海群, 李瑞生 ( 2009). 华北落叶松人工林密度调控对林下植被发育的作用过程. 北京林业大学学报, 31(1), 19-24.]
[19]	Li N ( 1995). Studies on the geographic distribution, origin and dispersal of the Family Pinaceae Lindl. Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica, 33, 105-130.
	[ 李楠 ( 1995). 论松科植物的地理分布、起源和扩散. 植物分类学报, 33, 105-130.]
[20]	Li SH, Liang F, Guo JP ( 2012). Thinning effects on under-‌crown vegetation of Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation in Guandishan Mountain. Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University (Natural Science Edition), 32, 256-260.
	[ 李淑辉, 梁芳, 郭晋平 ( 2012). 关帝山林区华北落叶松人工林抚育间伐对林下植被的影响. 山西农业大学学报(自然科学版), 32, 256-260.]
[21]	Liu HY, Tang ZY, Dai JH, Tang YX, Cui HT ( 2002). Larch timberline and its development in North China. Mountain Research and Development, 22, 359-367.
[22]	Liu L ( 1996). Vegetation of Hebei Province. Science Press, Beijing.
	[ 刘濂 ( 1996). 河北植被. 科学出版社, 北京.]
[23]	Liu XN ( 2001). The investigation on the impact of human activity on Larix chinensis. Shaanxi Forest Science and Technology, ( 3), 23-24.
	[ 刘香妮 ( 2001). 人为活动对太白红杉林的影响调查. 陕西林业科技, ( 3), 23-24.]
[24]	Liu ZL, Fang JY, Piao SL ( 2002). Geographical distribution of species genera Abies, Picea and Larix in China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 57, 577-586.
	[ 刘增力, 方精云, 朴世龙 ( 2002). 中国冷杉、云杉和落叶松属植物的地理分布. 地理学报, 57, 577-586.]
[25]	Luo YJ, Zhang XQ, Wang XK, Zhu JH, Zhang ZJ, Sun GS, Gao F ( 2009). Biomass and its distribution patterns of Larix principis-rupprechtii plantations in northern China. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 31(1), 13-18.
	[ 罗云建, 张小全, 王效科, 朱建华, 张治军, 孙贵生, 高峰 ( 2009). 华北落叶松人工林生物量及其分配模式. 北京林业大学学报, 31(1), 13-18.]
[26]	Ma FF, Zhang CM, Li YZ ( 2016). Density and distribution of organic carbon of Larix kaempferi plantation ecosystem in subtropics. Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology, 36(1), 94-100.
	[ 马丰丰, 张灿明, 李有志 ( 2016). 亚热带日本落叶松人工林生态系统碳密度及其分配特征. 中南林业科技大学学报, 36(1), 94-100.]
[27]	Ma YP ( 2007). Study on Stand Structure of Larix kaempferi Forests and Its Increment Prediction—Taking Changlinggang Forest Farm as an Example. PhD dissertation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing. 71-117.
	[ 马友平 ( 2007). 日本落叶松人工林林分结构与生长量预测研究——以长岭岗林场为例. 博士学位论文, 北京林业大学, 北京. 71-117.]
[28]	Mölder A, Streit M, Schmidt W ( 2014). When beech strikes back: How strict nature conservation reduces herb-layer diversity and productivity in Central European deciduous forests. Forest Ecology and Management, 319, 51-61.
[29]	Moles AT, Warton DI, Warman L, Swenson NG, Laffan SW, Zanne AE, Pitman A, Hemmings FA, Leishman MR ( 2009). Global patterns in plant height. Journal of Ecology, 97, 923-932.
[30]	Su YM ( 1995). Study on biomass and productivity of Larix kaempferi plantation. Journal of Sichuan Forestry Science and Technology, 16(3), 36-42.
	[ 宿以明 ( 1995). 日本落叶松人工林生物量和生产力的研究. 四川林业科技, 16(3), 36-42.]
[31]	Tao SL, Guo QH, Li C, Wang ZH, Fang JY ( 2016). Global patterns and determinants of forest canopy height. Ecology, 97, 3265-3270.
[32]	Tu YB ( 2008). Study on the Effect of Larix chinensis Forest Gap Characteristics on the Community Regeneration. Master degree dissertation, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an. 14-35.
	[ 涂云博 ( 2008). 太白红杉林林窗特征及其对群落更新的影响研究. 硕士学位论文, 陕西师范大学, 西安. 14-35.]
[33]	Tyrrell LE, Crow TR ( 1994). Structural characteristics of old-growth hemlock-hardwood forests in relation to age. Ecology, 75, 370-386.
[34]	Wang XP, Fang JY, Sanders NJ, White PS, Tang ZY ( 2009). Relative importance of climate vs local factors in shaping the regional patterns of forest plant richness across northeast China. Ecography, 32, 133-142.
[35]	Wang ZH, Rahbek C, Fang JY ( 2012). Effects of geographical extent on the determinants of woody plant diversity. Ecography, 35, 1160-1167.
[36]	Wu XJ, Chang JG, Yu JX, An Y, Guo JR ( 2010). Spatial distribution of Larix principis-rupprechtii-Picea spp. secondary forests along elevation gradients on north facing slope of Luya Mountain, Shanxi. Journal of Northeast Forestry University, 38(11), 10-14.
	[ 武秀娟, 常建国, 于吉祥, 安雁, 郭建荣 ( 2010). 芦芽山阴坡华北落叶松-云杉天然次生林群落特征的海拔梯度格局. 东北林业大学学报, 38(11), 10-14.]
[37]	Wu ZY ( 1980). Vegetation of China. Science Press, Beijing.
	[ 吴征镒 ( 1980). 中国植被. 科学出版社, 北京.]
[38]	Xu LJ, Peng H, Chen CG ( 2005 a). Size-class and age-class structures of Larix chinensis forests. Acta Botanica Boreali-‌Occidentalia Sinica, 25, 460-465.
	[ 许林军, 彭鸿, 陈存根 ( 2005 a). 太白红杉林径级和龄级结构的研究. 西北植物学报, 25, 460-465.]
[39]	Xu LJ, Peng H, Chen CG, Tang HL, Yang YJ ( 2005 b). Quantitative analysis of the Larix chinensis forest’s distribution at Qinling Mountains and the character of the alpine timberline at Taibai Mountain. Acta Botanica Boreali-‌ Occidentalia Sinica, 25, 968-972.
	[ 许林军, 彭鸿, 陈存根, 唐红亮, 杨亚娟 ( 2005 b). 秦岭太白红杉林分布及太白山高山林线特征的定量分析. 西北植物学报, 25, 968-972.]
[40]	Yan GQ, Zhao GF, Hu ZH ( 2001). The study on Larix chinensis community characteristics and species diversity in Mts Qinling. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 21, 497-506.
	[ 阎桂琴, 赵桂仿, 胡正海 ( 2001). 秦岭太白红杉群落特征及其物种多样性的研究. 西北植物学报, 21, 497-506.]
[41]	Yan HB, Han YZ, Yang XQ, Wang LY, Xiang XY ( 2010). Spatial distribution patterns and associations of tree species in typical natural secondary mountain forest communities of Northern China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 30, 2311-2321.
	[ 闫海冰, 韩有志, 杨秀清, 王丽艳, 项小英 ( 2010). 华北山地典型天然次生林群落的树种空间分布格局及其关联性. 生态学报, 30, 2311-2321.]
[42]	Yan JH, Zhou GY, Zhang DQ, Tang XL, Wang X ( 2006). Different patterns of changes in the dry season diameter at breast height of dominant and evergreen tree species in a mature subtropical forest in South China. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 48, 906-913.
[43]	Ying JS, Chen ML ( 2011). Chinese Plant Geography. Shanghai Science and Technology Press, Shanghai.
	[ 应俊生, 陈梦玲 ( 2011). 中国植物地理. 上海科学技术出版社, 上海.]
[44]	Zhang JL, Zhou Y, Zhou GS, Xiao CW ( 2013). Structure and composition of natural gmelin larch ( Larix gmelinii var. gmelinii) forests in response to spatial climatic changes. PLOS ONE, 8, e66668. DOI: 10.1371/journal.‌pone.‌0066668.
[45]	Zhang QD, Zhang JT, Zhang B, Cheng JJ, Tian SG, Suriguga ( 2010). Pattern of Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation and its environmental interpretation in Dongling Mountain. Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research, 28, 577-582.
	[ 张钦弟, 张金屯, 张斌, 程佳佳, 田世广, 苏日古嘎 ( 2010). 东灵山华北落叶松人工林的分布格局及环境解释. 武汉植物学研究, 28, 577-582.]
[46]	Zhao TS, Guang ZY, Zhao YM, Liu GW ( 1999). Study on biomass and productivity of Larix kaempferi plantation. Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Henanensis, 33, 350-353.
	[ 赵体顺, 光增云, 赵义民, 刘国伟 ( 1999). 日本落叶松人工林生物量及生产力的研究. 河南农业大学学报, 33, 350-353.]
[47]	Zhao WZ ( 1997). Study on the artificial Larix principis- rupprechtii forests in Bashang, Hebei Province. Journal of Desert Research, 17, 243-249.
	[ 赵文智 ( 1997). 河北坝上半干旱/半湿润过渡带华北落叶松人工林研究. 中国沙漠, 17, 243-249.]

落叶松林类型 Larch forest type	起源类型 Origination	样方数量 No. of plots	主要调查地点 Main sites
华北落叶松林 Larix principis-rupprechtii forest	人工林 Planted forest	66	山东: 泰山等 Shandong: Mt. Taishan etc.
华北落叶松林 Larix principis-rupprechtii forest	天然林 Natural forest	84	河北: 雾灵山、小五台山等 Hebei: Mt. Wuling, Mt. Xiaowutai etc.
			内蒙古: 大青山 Nei Mongol: Mt. Daqing
			山西: 太行山、中条山等 Shanxi: Mt. Taihang, Mt. Zhongtiao etc.
			宁夏: 六盘山 Ningxia: Mt. Liupan
日本落叶松林 L. kaempferi forest	人工林 Planted forest	36	山东: 崂山、昆嵛山等 Shandong: Mt. Laoshan, Mt. Kunyu etc.
			河南: 玉皇山、龙峪湾林场 Henan: Mt. Yuhuang, Longyuwan Forest Farm
太白红杉林 L. chinensis forest	天然林 Natural forest	29	陕西: 太白山、朱雀森林公园等 Shaanxi: Mt. Taibai, Zhuque Forest Park etc.
总计 Total		215

落叶松林类型 Larch forest type	起源类型 Origination	样方数量 No. of plots	主要调查地点 Main sites
华北落叶松林 Larix principis-rupprechtii forest	人工林 Planted forest	66	山东: 泰山等 Shandong: Mt. Taishan etc.
华北落叶松林 Larix principis-rupprechtii forest	天然林 Natural forest	84	河北: 雾灵山、小五台山等 Hebei: Mt. Wuling, Mt. Xiaowutai etc.
			内蒙古: 大青山 Nei Mongol: Mt. Daqing
			山西: 太行山、中条山等 Shanxi: Mt. Taihang, Mt. Zhongtiao etc.
			宁夏: 六盘山 Ningxia: Mt. Liupan
日本落叶松林 L. kaempferi forest	人工林 Planted forest	36	山东: 崂山、昆嵛山等 Shandong: Mt. Laoshan, Mt. Kunyu etc.
			河南: 玉皇山、龙峪湾林场 Henan: Mt. Yuhuang, Longyuwan Forest Farm
太白红杉林 L. chinensis forest	天然林 Natural forest	29	陕西: 太白山、朱雀森林公园等 Shaanxi: Mt. Taibai, Zhuque Forest Park etc.
总计 Total		215

地理因素 Geographical factor	CCA 1	CCA 2	R²	p
经度 Longitude	0.89	-0.46	0.44	<0.01
纬度 Latitude	0.84	-0.55	0.42	<0.01
海拔 Altitude	-0.96	0.27	0.13	<0.01
气候及地形因素 Climatic and topographical factors	CCA 1	CCA 2	R²	p
年降水量 MAP	0.19	-0.98	0.08	<0.01
年平均气温 MAT	0.99	-0.11	0.53	<0.01
坡度 Slope	-0.65	0.76	0.15	<0.01
坡向 Aspect	-0.75	0.66	0.03	0.1

地理因素 Geographical factor	CCA 1	CCA 2	R²	p
经度 Longitude	0.89	-0.46	0.44	<0.01
纬度 Latitude	0.84	-0.55	0.42	<0.01
海拔 Altitude	-0.96	0.27	0.13	<0.01
气候及地形因素 Climatic and topographical factors	CCA 1	CCA 2	R²	p
年降水量 MAP	0.19	-0.98	0.08	<0.01
年平均气温 MAT	0.99	-0.11	0.53	<0.01
坡度 Slope	-0.65	0.76	0.15	<0.01
坡向 Aspect	-0.75	0.66	0.03	0.1

落叶松林类型 Forest type	乔木层 Tree layer	灌木层 Shrub layer	草本层 Herb layer	总体 Total
华北落叶松(人工林) LPF (PF)	2.5 ± 2.1^b (1-9)	4.7 ± 4.1^c (0-18)	20.4 ± 15.8^b (0-55)	27.2 ± 17.7^b (0-63)
华北落叶松(天然林) LPF (NF)	3.1 ± 2.1^b (1-11)	5.8 ± 5.0^bc (0-29)	11.4 ± 19.1^b (0-50)	27.5 ± 13.8^b (1-65)
日本落叶松林(人工林) LKF (PF)	5.1 ± 2.9^a (1-11)	13.8 ± 9.1^a (4-38)	20.4 ± 15.1^b (4-56)	37.4 ± 22.4^ab (14-81)
太白红杉林(天然林) LCF (NF)	2.2 ± 1.5^b (1-6)	7.7 ± 3.6^ab (0-22)	29.6 ± 15.8^a (12-73)	39.3 ± 17.9^a (17-98)
所有天然林 All natural forest	2.9 ± 2.0^a (1-11)	6.2 ± 4.7^a (0-29)	21.8 ± 13.4^a (0-73)	30.5 ± 15.8^a (1-98)
所有人工林 All planted forest	3.5 ± 2.7^a (1-11)	7.9 ± 7.6^a (0-38)	20.4 ± 15.5^a (0-56)	30.8 ± 20^a (1-81)

华北地区落叶松林的分布、群落结构和物种多样性

Distribution, community structures and species diversity of larch forests in North China

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

被引次数

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 9

参考文献 47

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

胸径/树高 DBH/Height	优势种 Dominant species	数量 Number	均值±标准偏差 Mean ± SD	最小值-最大值 Min-Max	偏度系数 Skewness	峰度系数 Kurtosis
胸径 DBH (cm)	华北落叶松(人工林) LPF (PF)	4 251	15.1 ± 6.4^d	3.0-36.2	0.2	2.2
	华北落叶松(天然林) LPF (NF)	4 464	18.0 ± 7.5^c	3.0-75.8	0.7	4.4
	日本落叶松(人工林) LKF (PF)	1 463	20.7 ± 8.4^a	3.2-56.0	0.8	3.7
	太白红杉(天然林) LCF (NF)	1 278	19.5 ± 9.8^b	3.0-80.0	0.8	4.5
	所有天然林 All natural forest	5 742	18.3 ± 8.1^a	3.0-80.0	0.8	4.8
	所有人工林All planted forest	5 714	16.5 ± 7.4^b	3.0-56.0	0.7	3.8
树高 Height (m)	华北落叶松(人工林) LPF (PF)	4 251	11.3 ± 4.2^c	2.2-35.5	0.6	3.6
	华北落叶松(天然林) LPF (NF)	4 464	12.3 ± 4.3^b	2.0-30.0	0.3	3.2
	日本落叶松(人工林) LKF (PF)	1 463	17.6 ± 8.2^a	2.3-39.5	0.6	2.8
	太白红杉(天然林) LCF (NF)	1 278	9.1 ± 4.8^d	2.0-30.0	2.0	8.2
	所有天然林 All natural forest	5 742	11.6 ± 4.6^b	2.0-30.0	0.6	3.6
	所有人工林 All planted forest	5 714	12.9 ± 6.1^a	2.2-39.5	1.4	5.6

[1]	聂秀青王冬周国英熊丰杜岩功. 三江源地区高寒湿地土壤微生物生物量碳氮磷及其化学计量特征[J]. 植物生态学报, 2021, 45(9): 0-0.
[2]	宋语涵张鹏金光泽. 阔叶红松林不同演替阶段灌木叶片C、N、P化学计量特征及其影响因素[J]. 植物生态学报, 2021, 45(9): 0-0.
[3]	贺忠权, 刘长成, 蔡先立, 郭柯. 黔中高原喀斯特常绿与落叶阔叶混交林类型及群落特征[J]. 植物生态学报, 2021, 45(6): 670-680.
[4]	向响, 黄永梅, 杨崇曜, 李泽卿, 陈慧颖, 潘莹萍, 霍佳璇, 任梁. 海拔对青海湖流域群落水平植物功能性状的影响[J]. 植物生态学报, 2021, 45(5): 456-466.
[5]	朱华. 云南常绿阔叶林的植被地理研究[J]. 植物生态学报, 2021, 45(3): 224-241.
[6]	石娇星, 许洺山, 方晓晨, 郑丽婷, 张宇, 鲍迪峰, 杨安娜, 阎恩荣. 中国东部海岛黑松群落功能多样性的纬度变异及其影响因素[J]. 植物生态学报, 2021, 45(2): 163-173.
[7]	钏会艳, 贾东瑞, 浦江, 张翠萍, 李淑英, 周元清. 云南新平铁坚油杉森林群落结构特征[J]. 植物生态学报, 2021, 45(2): 207-212.
[8]	于燕妹, 黄林娟, 薛跃规. 广西大石围天坑群不同植物群落的特征[J]. 植物生态学报, 2021, 45(1): 96-103.
[9]	裴广廷, 孙建飞, 贺同鑫, 胡宝清. 长期人为干扰对桂西北喀斯特草地土壤微生物多样性及群落结构的影响[J]. 植物生态学报, 2021, 45(1): 74-84.
[10]	乔鲜果, 郭柯, 赵利清, 王孜, 刘长成. 中国长芒草群系的群落特征[J]. 植物生态学报, 2020, 44(9): 986-994.
[11]	刘凌, 樊英杰, 宋晓彤, 李敏, 邵小明, 王晓蕊. 色季拉山不同腐解等级华山松倒木上的苔藓植物组合[J]. 植物生态学报, 2020, 44(8): 842-853.
[12]	衣海燕, 曾源, 赵玉金, 郑朝菊, 熊杰, 赵旦. 利用聚类算法监测森林乔木物种多样性[J]. 植物生态学报, 2020, 44(6): 598-615.
[13]	李帅锋, 郎学东, 黄小波, 王艳红, 刘万德, 徐崇华, 苏建荣. 云南普洱30 hm²季风常绿阔叶林动态监测样地群丛数量分类[J]. 植物生态学报, 2020, 44(3): 236-247.
[14]	邓梦达, 游健荣, 李家湘, 李雄, 杨静, 邓创发, 刘昂, 刘文剑, 丁聪, 谢勇, 周国辉, 喻勋林. 长株潭城市群生态绿心地区主要植被类型的群落特征[J]. 植物生态学报, 2020, 44(12): 1296-1304.
[15]	王艳红, 李帅锋, 郎学东, 黄小波, 刘万德, 徐崇华, 苏建荣. 地形异质性对云南普洱季风常绿阔叶林物种多样性的影响[J]. 植物生态学报, 2020, 44(10): 1015-1027.