亚热带常绿阔叶林丛枝菌根树种养分觅食策略及其与细根形态间的关系

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2023.0253

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

植物细根和丛枝菌根(AM)真菌的养分觅食策略直接影响植物的生产力与碳汇能力, 是森林生态系统稳定性的关键影响因素。养分觅食精度是养分觅食策略的重要方面, 指植物将其根系、菌丝精准地部署到养分相对丰富斑块中的能力。然而, 目前对内生菌根树种细根和菌根菌丝觅食精度间的权衡关系, 以及细根形态能否较好地预测觅食精度仍存在争议。该研究对中亚热带天然常绿阔叶林内17个AM树种进行野外原位根袋磷添加实验, 以模拟土壤中磷养分斑块。施加磷肥4个月后, 对对照组和磷添加组的细根进行形态扫描和分析, 采用膜过滤法提取土壤中的菌丝并用电子显微镜观测, 筛选中部无隔膜且易于染色的菌丝作为AM内生菌根菌丝, 计算其长度。在此基础上, 计算根长觅食精度和菌丝觅食精度, 以研究亚热带AM树种的根长觅食精度与菌丝觅食精度间的权衡及其与细根形态间的相关关系。主要结果有: (1) AM树种根长觅食精度与菌丝觅食精度间相互独立; (2)细根组织密度与根长觅食精度呈显著正相关关系; (3)细根直径与菌丝觅食精度呈显著负相关关系, 比根长与菌丝觅食精度呈显著正相关关系。该研究结果有助于理解亚热带常绿阔叶林AM树种根系养分觅食策略, 表明细根形态等易观测指标可用于评估AM树种细根养分觅食精度。

关键词: 内生菌根, 根长, 菌丝, 觅食精度, 细根形态, 植物地下生态

Abstract:

Aims The nutrient foraging strategies of fine roots and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi directly affect plant productivity and carbon sequestration, which are a key factor influencing the stability of forest ecosystems. Nutrient foraging accuracy is an important aspect of the nutrient foraging strategy, which refers to the ability of plants to accurately deploy their roots and mycelia to relatively nutrient-rich patches. However, the tradeoff between foraging precision of root length and foraging precision of mycelia of arbuscular mycorrhizal tree species and whether fine root morphology can predict foraging accuracy are still controversial.
Methods In this study, 17 AM tree species in a natural broadleaf evergreen forest in the central subtropics were tested for responses to phosphorus addition to in situ root bags in the field to simulate phosphorus nutrient patches in the soil. After 4 months application of phosphorus fertilizer, morphological scanning and analysis were carried out on the fine roots of the control group and the phosphorus addition group. Mycelia in the soil were extracted by the membrane filtration method and observed by electron microscope. Mycelia with no septa in the middle and easy to stain were screened as AM mycelia, and their length was calculated. On this basis, root length foraging precision and mycelial foraging precision were calculated to investigate their trade-off and also their correlation with fine root morphology in subtropical AM tree species.
Important findings Root length foraging precision and mycelial foraging precision of AM species were independent of each other. There was a significant positive correlation between fine root tissue density and root length foraging precision, a significant negative correlation between fine root diameter and mycelial foraging precision, and a significant positive correlation between specific root length and mycelial foraging precision. These results can help understand root nutrient foraging strategies of AM species in subtropical evergreen broadleaf forests, and suggest that easily observable metrics such as fine-root morphology can be used for assessing the accuracy of fine-root nutrient foraging of AM species.

Key words: endophytic mycorrhiza, root length, mycelia, foraging precision, fine root morphology, underground ecology of plants

曲泽坤, 朱丽琴, 姜琦, 王小红, 姚晓东, 蔡世锋, 罗素珍, 陈光水. 亚热带常绿阔叶林丛枝菌根树种养分觅食策略及其与细根形态间的关系. 植物生态学报, 2024, 48(4): 416-427. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0253

QU Ze-Kun, ZHU Li-Qin, JIANG Qi, WANG Xiao-Hong, YAO Xiao-Dong, CAI Shi-Feng, LUO Su-Zhen, sCHEN Guang-Shui. Nutrient foraging strategies of arbuscular mycorrhizal tree species in a subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest and their relationship with fine root morphology. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2024, 48(4): 416-427. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0253

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2023.0253

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2024/V48/I4/416

图/表 7

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树种 Species	科 Family	属 Genus	叶习性 Leaf habit	根样本数 Root sample number	DBH (cm)
台湾冬青 Ilex formosana	冬青科 Aquifoliaceae	冬青属 Ilex	EB	2	33.1 ± 5.1
臀果木 Pygeum topengii	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	臀果木属 Pygeum	EB	3	20.7 ± 0.8
新木姜子 Neolitsea aurata	木兰科 Lauraceae	新木姜子属 Neolitsea	EB	3	11.6 ± 0.1
华南桂 Cinnamomum austrosinense	木兰科 Lauraceae	肉桂属 Cinnamomum	EB	3	10.9 ± 0.8
枫香树 Liquidambar formosana	枫香科 Altingiaceae	枫香树属 Liquidambar	DB	3	49.6 ± 2.5
香叶树 Lindera communis	木兰科 Lauraceae	山胡椒属 Lindera	EB	3	14.3 ± 0.6
赤楠 Syzygium buxifolium	桃金娘科 Myrtaceae	蒲桃属 Syzygium	EB	3	9.9 ± 0.2
赤杨叶 Alniphyllum fortunei	安息香科 Styracaceae	赤杨叶属 Alniphyllum	DB	3	21.4 ± 1.2
楠木 Phoebe zhennan	木兰科 Lauraceae	楠木属 Phoebe	EB	3	14.7 ± 0.8
光叶山矾 Symplocos lancifolia	山矾科 Symplocaceae	山矾属 Symplocos	EB	2	11.5 ± 0.7
笔罗子 Meliosma rigida	清风藤科 Sabiaceae	泡花树属 Meliosma	EB	3	16.3 ± 1.0
木荷 Schima superba	山茶科 Theaceae	木荷属 Schima	EB	3	26.4 ± 0.5
茜树 Aidia cochinchinensis	茜草科 Rubiaceae	茜树属 Aidia	EB	3	16.7 ± 0.3
杜英 Elaeocarpus decipiens	杜英科 Elaeocarpaceae	杜英属 Elaeocarpus	EB	3	18.6 ± 1.5
观光木 Michelia odora	木兰科 Magnoliaceae	含笑属 Michelia	EB	3	26.5 ± 1.3
牛矢果 Osmanthus matsumuranus	木犀科 Oleaceae	木犀属 Osmanthus	EB	3	19.2 ± 0.1
木油桐 Vernicia montana	大戟科 Euphorbiaceae	油桐属 Vernicia	DB	3	24.0 ± 1.5

树种 Species	科 Family	属 Genus	叶习性 Leaf habit	根样本数 Root sample number	DBH (cm)
台湾冬青 Ilex formosana	冬青科 Aquifoliaceae	冬青属 Ilex	EB	2	33.1 ± 5.1
臀果木 Pygeum topengii	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	臀果木属 Pygeum	EB	3	20.7 ± 0.8
新木姜子 Neolitsea aurata	木兰科 Lauraceae	新木姜子属 Neolitsea	EB	3	11.6 ± 0.1
华南桂 Cinnamomum austrosinense	木兰科 Lauraceae	肉桂属 Cinnamomum	EB	3	10.9 ± 0.8
枫香树 Liquidambar formosana	枫香科 Altingiaceae	枫香树属 Liquidambar	DB	3	49.6 ± 2.5
香叶树 Lindera communis	木兰科 Lauraceae	山胡椒属 Lindera	EB	3	14.3 ± 0.6
赤楠 Syzygium buxifolium	桃金娘科 Myrtaceae	蒲桃属 Syzygium	EB	3	9.9 ± 0.2
赤杨叶 Alniphyllum fortunei	安息香科 Styracaceae	赤杨叶属 Alniphyllum	DB	3	21.4 ± 1.2
楠木 Phoebe zhennan	木兰科 Lauraceae	楠木属 Phoebe	EB	3	14.7 ± 0.8
光叶山矾 Symplocos lancifolia	山矾科 Symplocaceae	山矾属 Symplocos	EB	2	11.5 ± 0.7
笔罗子 Meliosma rigida	清风藤科 Sabiaceae	泡花树属 Meliosma	EB	3	16.3 ± 1.0
木荷 Schima superba	山茶科 Theaceae	木荷属 Schima	EB	3	26.4 ± 0.5
茜树 Aidia cochinchinensis	茜草科 Rubiaceae	茜树属 Aidia	EB	3	16.7 ± 0.3
杜英 Elaeocarpus decipiens	杜英科 Elaeocarpaceae	杜英属 Elaeocarpus	EB	3	18.6 ± 1.5
观光木 Michelia odora	木兰科 Magnoliaceae	含笑属 Michelia	EB	3	26.5 ± 1.3
牛矢果 Osmanthus matsumuranus	木犀科 Oleaceae	木犀属 Osmanthus	EB	3	19.2 ± 0.1
木油桐 Vernicia montana	大戟科 Euphorbiaceae	油桐属 Vernicia	DB	3	24.0 ± 1.5

树种 Species	对照斑块细根长度 Fine root length in control patch (cm)	富磷斑块细根长度 Fine root length in phosphorus-rich patch (cm)	根长觅食精度 Root length foraging precision (%)	对照斑块菌丝长度 Mycelium length in control patch (cm)	富磷斑块菌丝长度 Mycelium length in phosphorus-rich patch (mm)	菌丝觅食精度 Mycelial foraging precision (%)
台湾冬青 Ilex formosana	3.9 ± 2.1	7.8 ± 4.9	86.7 ± 25.6	433.9 ± 96.5	372.0 ± 47.9	-7.2 ± 31.7
臀果木 Pygeum topengii	28.8 ± 3.4	9.0 ± 2.7	-67.5 ± 12.0	514.9 ±17.4	633.5 ± 69.3	22.7 ± 9.5
新木姜子 Neolitsea aurata	3.3 ± 1.4	2.8 ± 1.7	35.3 ± 139.4	289.7 ± 57.0	317.2 ± 77.1	17.0 ± 42.1
华南桂 Cinnamomu austrosinense	7.7 ± 1.3	18.0 ± 0.6	138.7 ± 36.7	354.5 ± 90.4	327.8 ± 47.5	1.6 ± 37.0
枫香树 Liquidambar formosana	3.3 ± 0.2	5.3 ± 2.5	64.3 ± 78.7	343.3 ± 13.2	559.1 ± 157.0	61.4 ± 39.6
香叶树 Lindera communis	5.5 ± 2.9	4.5 ± 1.3	-2.2 ± 31.7	682.6 ± 143.2	789.6 ± 234.8	13.4 ± 13.6
赤楠 Syzygium buxifolium	3.7 ± 0.8	10.0 ± 0.5	184.8 ± 54.4	535.3 ± 161.2	671.8 ± 64.6	33.0 ± 26.5
赤杨叶 Alniphyllum fortunei	4.7 ± 1.3	3.3 ± 0.3	-22.3 ± 28.9	213.6 ± 22.9	321.2 ± 19.2	53.1 ± 25.6
楠木 Phoebe zhennan	3.5 ± 0.2	3.5 ± 1.1	-1.1 ± 27.8	522.5 ± 72.4	546.1 ± 278.7	0.8 ± 39.2
光叶山矾 Symplocos lancifolia	15.8 ± 3.2	24.1 ± 8.2	69.4 ± 85.8	457.4 ± 21.4	506.0 ± 33.1	10.5 ± 2.1
笔罗子 Meliosma rigida	6.9 ± 3.7	6.8 ± 3.0	21.6 ± 80.8	277.9 ± 49.9	434.1 ± 43.3	61.3 ± 30.9
木荷 Schima superba	11.3 ± 5.8	13.9 ± 2.1	105.8 ± 172.2	339.9 ± 11.2	206.2 ± 20.9	-39.4 ± 4.5
茜树 Aidia cochinchinensis	4.8 ± 2.5	6.0 ± 2.0	82.0 ± 134.7	237.7 ± 29.0	230.8 ± 26.6	0.1 ± 24.3
杜英 Elaeocarpus decipiens	5.9 ± 1.2	8.5 ± 2.5	53.6 ± 41.7	265.2 ± 62.7	237.7 ± 21.6	-7.6 ± 12.1
观光木 Michelia odora	3.9 ± 2.7	4.0 ± 1.3	125.3 ± 203.2	423.3 ± 70.4	343.7 ± 75.9	-15.7 ± 23.9
牛矢果 Osmanthus matsumuranus	1.9 ± 2.0	2.0 ± 0.7	162.2 ± 182.6	405.9 ± 12.6	425.3 ± 68.2	5.4 ± 20.1
木油桐 Vernicia montana	4.7 ± 0.2	1.2 ± 0.1	-74.4 ± 2.2	378.1 ± 45.0	265.2 ± 55.0	-30.7 ± 6.8

树种 Species	对照斑块细根长度 Fine root length in control patch (cm)	富磷斑块细根长度 Fine root length in phosphorus-rich patch (cm)	根长觅食精度 Root length foraging precision (%)	对照斑块菌丝长度 Mycelium length in control patch (cm)	富磷斑块菌丝长度 Mycelium length in phosphorus-rich patch (mm)	菌丝觅食精度 Mycelial foraging precision (%)
台湾冬青 Ilex formosana	3.9 ± 2.1	7.8 ± 4.9	86.7 ± 25.6	433.9 ± 96.5	372.0 ± 47.9	-7.2 ± 31.7
臀果木 Pygeum topengii	28.8 ± 3.4	9.0 ± 2.7	-67.5 ± 12.0	514.9 ±17.4	633.5 ± 69.3	22.7 ± 9.5
新木姜子 Neolitsea aurata	3.3 ± 1.4	2.8 ± 1.7	35.3 ± 139.4	289.7 ± 57.0	317.2 ± 77.1	17.0 ± 42.1
华南桂 Cinnamomu austrosinense	7.7 ± 1.3	18.0 ± 0.6	138.7 ± 36.7	354.5 ± 90.4	327.8 ± 47.5	1.6 ± 37.0
枫香树 Liquidambar formosana	3.3 ± 0.2	5.3 ± 2.5	64.3 ± 78.7	343.3 ± 13.2	559.1 ± 157.0	61.4 ± 39.6
香叶树 Lindera communis	5.5 ± 2.9	4.5 ± 1.3	-2.2 ± 31.7	682.6 ± 143.2	789.6 ± 234.8	13.4 ± 13.6
赤楠 Syzygium buxifolium	3.7 ± 0.8	10.0 ± 0.5	184.8 ± 54.4	535.3 ± 161.2	671.8 ± 64.6	33.0 ± 26.5
赤杨叶 Alniphyllum fortunei	4.7 ± 1.3	3.3 ± 0.3	-22.3 ± 28.9	213.6 ± 22.9	321.2 ± 19.2	53.1 ± 25.6
楠木 Phoebe zhennan	3.5 ± 0.2	3.5 ± 1.1	-1.1 ± 27.8	522.5 ± 72.4	546.1 ± 278.7	0.8 ± 39.2
光叶山矾 Symplocos lancifolia	15.8 ± 3.2	24.1 ± 8.2	69.4 ± 85.8	457.4 ± 21.4	506.0 ± 33.1	10.5 ± 2.1
笔罗子 Meliosma rigida	6.9 ± 3.7	6.8 ± 3.0	21.6 ± 80.8	277.9 ± 49.9	434.1 ± 43.3	61.3 ± 30.9
木荷 Schima superba	11.3 ± 5.8	13.9 ± 2.1	105.8 ± 172.2	339.9 ± 11.2	206.2 ± 20.9	-39.4 ± 4.5
茜树 Aidia cochinchinensis	4.8 ± 2.5	6.0 ± 2.0	82.0 ± 134.7	237.7 ± 29.0	230.8 ± 26.6	0.1 ± 24.3
杜英 Elaeocarpus decipiens	5.9 ± 1.2	8.5 ± 2.5	53.6 ± 41.7	265.2 ± 62.7	237.7 ± 21.6	-7.6 ± 12.1
观光木 Michelia odora	3.9 ± 2.7	4.0 ± 1.3	125.3 ± 203.2	423.3 ± 70.4	343.7 ± 75.9	-15.7 ± 23.9
牛矢果 Osmanthus matsumuranus	1.9 ± 2.0	2.0 ± 0.7	162.2 ± 182.6	405.9 ± 12.6	425.3 ± 68.2	5.4 ± 20.1
木油桐 Vernicia montana	4.7 ± 0.2	1.2 ± 0.1	-74.4 ± 2.2	378.1 ± 45.0	265.2 ± 55.0	-30.7 ± 6.8

协变量 Covariate	根长觅食精度 Root length foraging precision			菌丝觅食精度 Mycelium foraging precision
协变量 Covariate	t	F	p	t	F	p
细根直径 Fine root diameter	0.003	<0.001	0.998	-2.486	6.178	0.017^*
比根长 Specific root length	-1.337	1.789	0.188	2.058	4.235	0.045^*
比表面积 Specific root surface area	-1.440	2.075	0.156	1.829	3.344	0.074
组织密度 Root tissue density	2.061	4.247	0.045^*	-0.883	0.780	0.382